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+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6



HMWXVMFYXIHPSEHWMRPFJXSVPSEHWTIVYRMXEVIEMRPFJX ERH [LIVI !JSVGSPYQRW[MXLXMIWERHVIMRJSVGIHGSRGVIXI


WTERWMRJX8LI]WLSYPHFIGSRZIVXIHXSPF›MR PF›MR! [EPPWERH !JSVGSPYQRW[MXLWTMVEPVIMRJSVGIQIRX
PF›JX JSVYWI[MXLJ]MRTWMHERHFMRMRGLIWERH%W MRMR  1E\MQYQ HIWMKR E\MEP GSQTVIWWMSR WXVIRKXL{
*SVWPEFWMR[LMGLXLIYRMXWSJQSQIRXEVIPF›JXTIVJXSJWPEF (IWMKR E\MEP WXVIRKXL 4R MR GSPYQRW ERH VIMRJSVGIH
[MHXL PF›JXJX  XLI WEQI GSRZIVWMSR  PF›MRJX !  PF›JX GSRGVIXI [EPPW WYFNIGXIH XS GSQTVIWWMSR [MXL SV [MXLSYX
JX WLSYPHFIYWIHERHXLI%WHIXIVQMRIH[MPPFIMRMRJXSJ flexure, should not exceed the following:
WPEF[MHXL E 'SPYQRW[MXLXMIWERHVIMRJSVGIHGSRGVIXI[EPPW
%RSXISRIQTPS]QIRXSJ7-YRMXW8LIVIUYMVIHJEGXSVIH
QSQIRXW KIRIVEPP] EVI MR YRMXW SJ O2›Q FIGEYWI XLI] EVI
n (max) on  [MXL ! E
HIXIVQMRIHJVSQGSRGIRXVEXIHPSEHWMRO2HMWXVMFYXIHPSEHW
MRO2QSVPSEHWTIVYRMXEVIEMRO2QERHWTERWMRQ
8LI]WLSYPHFIGSRZIVXIHXS2›QQ O2›Q!2›QQ  F 'SPYQRW[MXLWTMVEPVIMRJSVGIQIRX
JSVYWI[MXLJ]MR14E 14E!2QQ  HERHFMRQQ
ERH %WMRQQ*SVWPEFWMR[LMGLXLIYRMXWSJQSQIRXEVI
n (max) on  [MXL ! F
O2›QTIVQIXIVSJWPEF[MHXL O2›QQ XLIWEQIGSRZIV
WMSR O2›QQ!2›QQQ WLSYPHFIYWIHERHXLI%W
HIXIVQMRIH[MPPFIMRQQQSJWPEF[MHXL  Balanced design strength for axial load with flexure
 7UYEVIERHVIGXERKYPEVXMIHGSPYQRWERHVIMR
5.12—Axial loads with or without flexure JSVGIH GSRGVIXI [EPPW{:EPYIW JSV HIWMKR E\MEP GSQTVIW
 +IRIVEP{'EPGYPEXMSR SJ XLI HIWMKR WXVIRKXL SJ WMSRWXVIRKXL 4FRERHHIWMKRQSQIRXWXVIRKXL 1FREXXLI
GSPYQRW ERH VIMRJSVGIH GSRGVIXI [EPPW WYFNIGXIH XS E\MEP FEPERGIHHIWMKRWXVIRKXLTSMRXWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHYWMRK
loads alone or axial loads accompanied by flexure should be )U E ERH )U F VIWTIGXMZIP] [MXL !
MREGGSVHERGI[MXL 
 'SQFMRIH E\MEP PSEH ERH QSQIRX{8LI JEGXSVIH
E\MEP PSEH 4Y ERHXLI JEGXSVIHQSQIRX 1Y HYI XSETTPMIH Pbn 0.42 fc hb E
JEGXSVIH PSEHW WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH JSV XLI TEVXMGYPEV
QIQFIVX]TIJVSQ'LETXIVWXS
 (IWMKRE\MEPGSQTVIWWMSRWXVIRKXL
h
 (IWMKR E\MEP GSQTVIWWMSR WXVIRKXL [MXLSYX M bn Pbn 0.32h 0.6 Ase 0.15 Ass f y d
flexure{)UYEXMSR   WLSYPH FI YWIH XS HIXIVQMRI 2
the design axial strength without flexure, 4SR
F

on c g st st y  *SV)U F XLIXSXEPPSRKMXYHMREPVIMRJSVGIQIRXEVIE


%WXWLSYPHFIHMZMHIHMRXSWXIIPEXXLII\XVIQIJEGI%WIERH
WXIIPEXXLIWMHIJEGI%WWMRWYGLEQERRIVXLEX%WI%WW!
%WX *MK 
 'MVGYPEV GSPYQRW [MXL WTMVEP VIMRJSVGIQIRX{
:EPYIW JSV HIWMKR E\MEP GSQTVIWWMSR WXVIRKXL 4FR ERH
HIWMKR QSQIRX WXVIRKXL 1FR EX XLI FEPERGIH HIWMKR
WXVIRKXLTSMRXWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHYWMRK)U E 
ERH )U F  VIWTIGXMZIP] [MXL L XEOIR EW XLI
GSPYQRHMEQIXIVERH ! *MK 

*MK{(IWMKRHMQIRWMSRWJSVHIWMKRQSQIRXWXVIRKXL Pbn 0.5 fc Acs E

*MK{*PI\YVEPRSQMREPQSQIRXWXVIRKXL
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
 +9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6

*MK{(MQIRWMSRWJSVGEPGYPEXMSRSJFEPERGIHHIWMKRWXVIRKXLJSVVIGXERKYPEVXMIH
GSPYQRWERHVIMRJSVGIHGSRGVIXI[EPPW

*MK {(MQIRWMSRW JSV GEPGYPEXMSR SJ FEPERGIH


HIWMKR WXVIRKXL JSV GMVGYPEV WIGXMSR GSPYQRW [MXL WTMVEP
VIMRJSVGIQIRX

h
Mbn Pbn 0.2h 0.6 Ast f y d *MK{-RXIVEGXMSRHMEKVEQJSV 1R 4R 
2
F

u n (max) F
 Design strength for axial tension without flexure{
The design axial tension strength without flexure, 4XR
WLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHYWMRK)U  [MXL ! u n G

*SVZEPYIWSJ4Y 4FR
tn st y 
Pon Pu
 'SQFMRIH E\MEP PSEH ERH QSQIRX WXVIRKXL{8LI Mu Mn M bn H
Pon Pbn
HIWMKRQSQIRXWXVIRKXLEXXLIWIGXMSR 1REXXLIPIZIPSJ
ETTPMIHJEGXSVIHE\MEPPSEH4YWLSYPHFIIUYEPXSSVKVIEXIV
XLERXLIQE\MQYQJEGXSVIHQSQIRX1YXLEXGEREGGSQTER] *SVZEPYIWSJ4Y  4FR
XLIJEGXSVIHE\MEPPSEH4YEWWLS[RMR)U E 
Pu Ptn
Mu Mn Mbn I
Mn Mu E Pbn Ptn

8LIGSQTPMERGI[MXL)U E WLSYPHFIEGGSQTPMWLIH  9WISJMRXIVEGXMSRHMEKVEQW{-RXIVEGXMSRHMEKVEQW


F] TVSZMRK XLEX XLI GSSVHMREXIW SJ 1Y{4Y MR E QSQIRX JSVGSPYQRWJVSQEYXLSVMXEXMZIWSYVGIWGERFIYWIHLS[IZIV
ZIVWYW E\MEP PSEH MRXIVEGXMSR HMEKVEQ VIPEXMRK 1R ERH YWIXLIWXVIRKXLVIHYGXMSRJEGXSVW EWWIXJSVXLMRXLIKYMHI
4FR{EVIMRWMHIXLIMRXIVEGXMSRHIWMKRWXVIRKXLWYVJEGIXLI  &ME\MEP QSQIRX WXVIRKXL{'SVRIV GSPYQRW ERH
WLEHIHTSVXMSRMR*MK SXLIV GSPYQRW WYFNIGXIH XS QSQIRXW EFSYX IEGL TVMRGMTEP
8LIJSPPS[MRKGSRHMXMSRWWLSYPHFIQIXJSVEPPGSYTPIWSJ WIGXMSRE\MWWMQYPXERISYWP]WLSYPHGSQTP][MXL)U  
1YERH4YXLEXEGXSRXLIGSPYQRWIGXMSR

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6 

Mu Mu  6IUYMVIHWLIEVWXVIRKXL{8LIJEGXSVIHWLIEVJSVGI
x y
1.0  :Y VIUYMVIHWLIEVWXVIRKXL HYIXSXLIETTPMIHJEGXSVIHPSEHW
Mn x
Mn y WLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHJSVXLITEVXMGYPEVQIQFIVX]TIJVSQ
'LETXIVWXS 
[LIVI 1Y \ ERH 1Y ] EVI XLI JEGXSVIH QSQIRXW XLEX EGX  (IWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXL{8LIHIWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXL
EFSYX E\MW \ ERH ] *MK   WMQYPXERISYWP] [MXL XLI EX E WIGXMSR :R WLSYPH FI IUYEP XS SV KVIEXIV XLER XLI
JEGXSVIH E\MEP PSEH 4Y 1R \ ERH 1R ] GSVVIWTSRH XS VIUYMVIHWLIEVWXVIRKXL:YEWWLS[RMR)U  
ZEPYIW SJ XLI HIWMKR QSQIRX WXVIRKXL HIXIVQMRIH JVSQ
)U H SV)U I JSVXLIJEGXSVIHE\MEPPSEH4Y Vn Vu  
ERHJSVXLIETTVSTVMEXIHMVIGXMSR\SV]

{7LIEV [LIVI !


 +IRIVEP{'EPGYPEXMSRSJXLIHIWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXL  (IWMKR FIEQEGXMSR WLIEV WXVIRKXL{7IGXMSR
SJ WIGXMSRW WYFNIGXIH XS WLIEV PSEHW WLSYPH FI TIVJSVQIH WLSYPHFIYWIH[LIRHIWMKRMRKQIQFIVWJSVFIEQ
YWMRK8LIVIEVIX[SX]TIWSJWLIEVIJJIGXW *MK  EGXMSRWLIEV7IGXMSRWERHETTP]
(a) Beam-action shear that accompanies flexural moments  0SGEXMSRSJGVMXMGEPWIGXMSR{;LIVIXLIWYTTSVX
ERHSGGYVWMRKMVHIVWFIEQWNSMWXWWSPMHWPEFWERHVIMRJSVGIH VIEGXMSR MR XLI HMVIGXMSR SJ XLI ETTPMIH WLIEV MRXVSHYGIW
GSRGVIXI[EPPWMRXLIZMGMRMX]SJWYTTSVXWERHGSRGIRXVEXIH GSQTVIWWMSR MRXS XLI IRH VIKMSRW SJ XLI QIQFIV ERH RS
PSEHWERH GSRGIRXVEXIH PSEH SGGYVW FIX[IIR XLI WYTTSVX JEGI ERH E
F 4YRGLMRKWLIEVSVX[S[E]EGXMSRWLIEV[LMGLSGGYVW HMWXERGI HJVSQXLIWYTTSVXJEGIJSVKMVHIVWFIEQWNSMWXW
MRWSPMHWPEFWERHJSSXMRKWRIEVWYTTSVXWERHGSRGIRXVEXIH GSPYQRW WPEFWERH JSSXMRKWXLI WIGXMSRWMR FIX[IIRQE]
PSEHW FI HIWMKRIH JSV XLI JEGXSVIH WLIEV JSVGI :Y GSQTYXIH EX
3XLIV X]TIW SJ WLIEV IJJIGXW WYGL EW WTIGMEP IJJIGXW MR HMWXERGI HJVSQXLIWYTTSVX
deep flexural members, shear-friction used when designing  ;LIVI WLIEV VIMRJSVGIQIRX MW RSX TIVQMXXIH{
FVEGOIXWERHGSVFIPWERH WXVYXERHXMIQSHIPWEVI FI]SRH ;LIVIWLIEVVIMRJSVGIQIRXMWRSXTIVQMXXIHMR'LETXIVWXS
XLIWGSTISJXLMWKYMHIERHXLI WXERHEVHW SJ WLSYPHFI XLIHIWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXL :RWLSYPHFIGSQTYXIHYWMRK
YWIHJSVHIWMKRMRXLSWIGEWIW )U  

:R! :G 

-R)U   !ERH :GMWXLIGSRGVIXIGSRXVMFY


XMSRXSXLIHIWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXL
 ;LIVI WLIEV VIMRJSVGIQIRX MW TIVQMXXIH{
;LIVI WLIEV VIMRJSVGIQIRX MW TIVQMXXIH MR 'LETXIVW 
XS XLIHIWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXL :RWLSYPHFIGSQTYXIH
YWMRK)U  [MXL !

Vn Vc Vs 

-R )U   :G MW XLI GSRGVIXI GSRXVMFYXMSR XS XLI
HIWMKR WLIEV WXVIRKXL ERH :W MW XLI WLIEV VIMRJSVGIQIRX
GSRXVMFYXMSRXSXLIHIWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXL
*MK{'SPYQRWYFNIGXIHXSFME\MEPQSQIRXW

*MK{&IEQEGXMSRWLIEVERHTYRGLMRKWLIEV

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
 +9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6

YWIH XS HMWXVMFYXI QSQIRXW EW MRHMGEXIH F]  4SWMXMZI ERH PEXIVEP XMIW ERH QIQFIVW VIMRJSVGIH [MXL PSRKMXYHMREP
QSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL *MK  FEVWERHEGSRXMRYSYWWTMVEPVIMRJSVGIQIRX6IGXERKYPEVERH
 2IKEXMZI QSQIRX VIMRJSVGIQIRX{-R FSXL HMVIG GMVGYPEVWIGXMSRWEVITIVQMXXIH
XMSRW XLI RIKEXMZI QSQIRX VIMRJSVGIQIRX VEXMS  MR XLI
HMVIGXMSR SJ XLI WTER WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH YWMRK ZEPYIW {0SEHW
SJ 1YzHIXIVQMRIHJVSQ  *MK F ERH G  0SEHWXSFIMRGPYHIH{*SVGSPYQRWFIPSRKMRKXS
JSVXLIWXVMTYRHIVGSRWMHIVEXMSR*SVRIKEXMZIQSQIRXWMR JVEQIW SV WPEFGSPYQR W]WXIQW XLI XVMFYXEV] PSEHW JVSQ
XLIGSPYQRWXVMTXLIWXVMT[MHXL F should be as defined in each floor plus self-weight of the column should be included.
 *SV RIKEXMZI QSQIRXW MR XLI SRILEPJ QMHHPI WXVMTW 8VMFYXEV]PSEHWWLSYPHGSRJSVQXS'LETXIVERHXLITEVXMG
SRIEGLWMHIXLIWXVMT[MHXLWLSYPHFIGSRWMWXIRX[MXLXLI YPEVPSEHWSJIEGLXVMFYXEV]QIQFIVX]TI *MKEERH
[MHXL YWIH XS HMWXVMFYXI QSQIRXW EW MRHMGEXIH F]  *MKF 
2IKEXMZIQSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL   (IEH PSEH ERH PMZI PSEH{:EPYIW SJ 4H JSV HIEH
*MK -RXLIGSPYQRWXVMTEXWYTTSVXWXLIYRFEPERGIH PSEH ERH 4  JSV PMZI PSEH WLSYPH FI EGGYQYPEXIH MRHITIR
QSQIRXXVERWJIVSJ ERH WLSYPHFIQIX*SV dently and combined at each floor. 4HWLSYPHMRGPYHIWIPJ
YRIUYEPWXVMT[MHXLWQIIXMRKEXEWYTTSVXXLIVIMRJSVGIQIRX [IMKLXSJXLIGSPYQR7IPJ[IMKLXWLSYPHYWIXLIHIEHPSEH
JVSQIEGLWMHIPIEHMRKXSXLIPEVKIVRIKEXMZIQSQIRXVIMR JEGXSV SJ XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK PSEH GSQFMREXMSR IUYEXMSRW MR
JSVGIQIRXVEXMS WLSYPHFIYWIH 7IPJ[IMKLXWLSYPHFIETTPMIHEXXLIPS[IVTEVXSJXLI
 Joist reinforcement of waffle-slab systems GSPYQRMRXLEXWXSV] *MKF 
 Positive moment reinforcement in joists of waffle-  6IUYMVIHWXVIRKXL{:EPYIWSJXLIJEGXSVIHPSEH4Y
WPEFW{4SWMXMZI QSQIRXW YWIH XS GEPGYPEXI VIMRJSVGIQIRX JSV ERHJEGXSVIHQSQIRX1YWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHEXXLIYTTIV
IEGLNSMWXWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHYWMRKZEPYIWSJ1YJVSQ and lower part of each column at each floor. The direction
HMZMHIHF]XLIRYQFIVSJNSMWXW[MXLMRXLIWXVMTYRHIVGSRWMH MRTPEREPSRK[LMGLXLIQSQIRXW1Y\ERH1Y]EGXWLSYPHFI
IVEXMSR 8FIEQ IJJIGX EW MRHMGEXIH MR  QE] FI YWIH RSXIH *MKF 
4SWMXMZIQSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL
I\GITXXLEXXLIVIMRJSVGIQIRXGYXSJJWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL {(MQIRWMSREPPMQMXW
 Negative moment reinforcement in joists of waffle-  +IRIVEP{-R EHHMXMSR XS 'LETXIV  GSPYQRW
WPEFW{2IKEXMZI QSQIRXW YWIH XS GEPGYPEXI VIMRJSVGI WLSYPHGSQTP][MXLXLIKIRIVEPHMQIRWMSREPPMQMXWWIXJSVXL
QIRX JSV IEGL NSMWX WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH YWMRK ZEPYIW SJ MR 'SPYQRWWLSYPHFIZIVXMGEPERHWLSYPHFIGSRXMRYSYW
1YzJVSQHMZMHIHF]XLIRYQFIVSJNSMWXW[MXLMRXLI HS[R XS XLI JSYRHEXMSR 'SPYQR WIGXMSR WLETI WLSYPH FI
WXVMT YRHIV GSRWMHIVEXMSR 2IKEXMZI QSQIRX VIMRJSVGIQIRX IMXLIVVIGXERKYPEVSVGMVGYPEV
WLSYPH GSQTP] [MXL  I\GITX XLEX XLI VIMRJSVGIQIRX  (MQIRWMSREPPMQMXW
GYXSJJWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL  1MRMQYQGVSWWWIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRWJSVVIGXER
 Shear reinforcement in joists of waffle-slabs{ KYPEVGSPYQRW{'VSWWWIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRWJSVVIGXERKYPEV
:EPYIW SJ :Y EX XLI WYTTSVXW WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH YWMRK GSPYQRWWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL E ERH F  *MK 
7LIEVVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL  E 8LIPIEWXGVSWWWIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRWLSYPHRSXFIPIWW
ERH  7XMVVYT WTEGMRK W should be defined for the XLERMR QQ ERH
HMJJIVIRXVIKMSRW[MXLMRXLIWTER1MRMQYQWXMVVYTWTEGMRK F  6EXMS SJ XLI PSRK GVSWWWIGXMSREP HMQIRWMSR XS XLI
EW MRHMGEXIH F]  should be used. The first stirrup WLSVXHMQIRWMSRWLSYPHRSXI\GIIHI\GITXMRWPEFGSPYQR
WLSYPHRSXFITPEGIHJYVXLIVXLERWJVSQXLIWYTTSVXJEGI W]WXIQW[LIVIMXWLSYPHRSXI\GIIH  
[MXL WFIMRKXLIWXMVVYTWTEGMRKEXXLIWYTTSVX

{'EPGYPEXMSRSJWYTTSVXVIEGXMSRW
 :IVXMGEP VIEGXMSRW EX GSPYQRW ERH [EPPW{:IVXMGEP
VIEGXMSRW SJ XLI WYTTSVXMRK QIQFIVW 6Y WLSYPH FI HIXIV
QMRIH EW XLI XSXEP JEGXSVIH HIWMKR PSEH UY QYPXMTPMIH F]
XLIEVIE FSYRH F] TERIP GIRXIVPMRIWEVSYRHXLI WYTTSVXMRK
QIQFIV *MK 
 'SPYQRERH[EPPQSQIRXWJVSQZIVXMGEPPSEHMRK{
'SPYQRWERH[EPPWFYMPXMRXIKVEPP][MXLEWPEFW]WXIQWLSYPH
VIWMWXYRFEPERGIHQSQIRXWHYIXSJEGXSVIHPSEHWSRXLIWPEF
W]WXIQ 9RFEPERGIH QSQIRXW 1Y WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH
JVSQ ERHWLSYPHFIHMWXVMFYXIHXSXLIGSPYQRWEFSZI
ERHFIPS[XLIWPEFYWMRKXLITVSGIHYVISJ

',%48)6{'309127
{+IRIVEP
'SPYQRW WLSYPH FI HIWMKRIH YWMRK 'LETXIV  8LMW *MK E{*EGXSVIH GSPYQR PSEHW ERH QSQIRXW JVSQ
GLETXIVETTPMIWXSQIQFIVWVIMRJSVGIH[MXLPSRKMXYHMREPFEVW single floor and in one direction.

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6 

Fig. 10.2.1b—Factored column loads and moments from multiple floors.

 1MRMQYQGVSWWWIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRJSVGMVGYPEV
GSPYQRW{'SPYQRW [MXL E GMVGYPEV GVSWW WIGXMSR WLSYPH
LEZIEHMEQIXIVSJEXPIEWXMR QQ  *MK 
 (MWXERGIFIX[IIRPEXIVEPWYTTSVXW
 +IRIVEP—It should be assumed that the floor
W]WXIQTVSZMHIWGSPYQRPEXIVEPVIWXVEMRXMRFSXLLSVM^SRXEP
HMVIGXMSRWEXEPPWYTTSVXIHPIZIPW *MK 
*MK {1MRMQYQ GVSWWWIGXMSREP HMQIRWMSRW JSV
 -RXIVMSV GSPYQRW{*SV MRXIVMSV GSPYQRW XLI
VIGXERKYPEVGSPYQRW
GSPYQRGVSWWWIGXMSRHMQIRWMSRTEVEPPIPXSXLIHMVIGXMSRSJ
XLIWYTTSVXWLSYPHRSXFIPIWWXLERSJXLIGPIEVZIVXMGEP
HMWXERGIFIX[IIRPEXIVEPWYTTSVXWLR *MK 
 )HKIGSPYQRW{*SVIHKIGSPYQRWGSPYQRGVSWW
WIGXMSRHMQIRWMSRTIVTIRHMGYPEVXSXLIIHKIWLSYPHRSXFI
PIWW XLER SRIRMRXL SJ XLI GPIEV ZIVXMGEP HMWXERGI FIX[IIR
PEXIVEPWYTTSVXWLR *MK 
 'SVRIVGSPYQRW{*SVGSVRIVGSPYQRWQMRMQYQ *MK {1MRMQYQ GVSWWWIGXMSREP HMQIRWMSR JSV
GSPYQRGVSWWWIGXMSRHMQIRWMSRWLSYPHFISRIIMKLXLSJXLIGPIEV GMVGYPEVGSPYQRW
ZIVXMGEPHMWXERGIFIX[IIRPEXIVEPWYTTSVXWLR *MK 
 'SPYQRFYMPXQSRSPMXLMGEPP][MXL[EPP{)JJIGXMZI  0SRKMXYHMREPVIMRJSVGIQIRX
GVSWWWIGXMSRSJEXMIHSVWTMVEPP]VIMRJSVGIHGSPYQRXLEXMW  (IWGVMTXMSR ERH PSGEXMSR{0SRKMXYHMREP VIMR
QSRSPMXLMG[MXLEGSRGVIXI[EPPWLSYPHFIXEOIRRSXKVIEXIV JSVGIQIRXWLSYPHFITVSZMHIHEXXLITIVMTLIV]SJXLIGSPYQR
XLERMR QQ SYXWMHIXLIXMISVWTMVEPVIMRJSVGIQIRX WIGXMSR 0SRKMXYHMREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX WLSYPH FI PSGEXIH EW
SVXLIPEXIVEP[EPPJEGIW *MK  GPSWIXSXLIGSPYQRPEXIVEPWYVJEGIWEWTVEGXMGEFPIJSPPS[MRK
XVERWZIVWI VIMRJSVGIQIRX ERH GSRGVIXI GSZIV  ERH
{6IMRJSVGIQIRXHIXEMPW   8LI EVIE SJ PSRKMXYHMREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX WLSYPH
 +IRIVEP{'SPYQR VIMRJSVGIQIRX WLSYPH FI SJ FIEHIUYEXIXSVIWMWXXLIWMQYPXERISYWEGXMSRSJEJEGXSVIH
XLIX]TIWHIWGVMFIHMR'LETXIVERHWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL E\MEPPSEHERHJEGXSVIHQSQIRXWEGXMRKEFSYXXLIX[SQEMR
XS GSPYQRE\IW *MKF 

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
 +9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6

*MK{0EXIVEPVIWXVEMRXJSVGSPYQRW

 1MRMQYQ ERH QE\MQYQ EVIE SJ PSRKMXYHMREP  )RHERGLSVEKISJVIMRJSVGIQIRX{0SRKMXYHMREP


VIMRJSVGIQIRX{8SXEPEVIESJGSPYQRPSRKMXYHMREPVIMRJSVGI VIMRJSVGIQIRXEXXLIYTTIVIRHSJGSPYQRWERHEXXLIJSYR
QIRX %WX WLSYPH RSX FI PIWW XLER  SV QSVI XLER  HEXMSR WLSYPH I\XIRH EW GPSWI XS XLI IHKI EW TVEGXMGEFPI
XMQIWXLIKVSWWEVIE%KSJWIGXMSR GSRWMHIVMRKGSRGVIXIGSZIVERHIRH[MXLEWXERHEVHLSSO
 0SRKMXYHMREP FEV SJJWIX{3JJWIX FIRX PSRKMXY
Ast HMREPFEVWWLSYPHGSRJSVQXS E XLVSYKL K 
0.01 0.06  E  7PSTISJMRGPMRIH TSVXMSRSJERSJJWIXFEVWLSYPHRSX
Ag
I\GIIHMR *MK 
F 4SVXMSRWSJFEVEFSZIERHFIPS[ERSJJWIXWLSYPHFI
8LMW KYMHI PMQMXW XLI GSPYQRPSRKMXYHMREPVIMRJSVGIQIRX TEVEPPIPXSGSPYQRE\MW
VEXMS XS  TIVGIRX FIGEYWI SJ VIMRJSVGIQIRX GSRKIWXMSR G  0EXIVEP XMIW SV WTMVEPW WLSYPH FI TVSZMHIH EX SJJWIX
GSRGIVRW FIRHW
 1MRMQYQ HMEQIXIV SJ PSRKMXYHMREP FEVW{ H 3JJWIXFIRHPEXIVEPXMIWSVWTMVEPWWLSYPHVIWMWXXMQIW
1MRMQYQHMEQIXIVSJPSRKMXYHMREPFEVWMRGSPYQRWWLSYPH XLI LSVM^SRXEP JSVGI GSQTSRIRX SJ ER SJJWIX FEVGSQTYXIH
FIMR QQ  EWWYQMRKEWXVIWWIUYEPXSJ]
 1MRMQYQ RYQFIV SJ PSRKMXYHMREP FEVW{-R I 0EXIVEPXMIWSVWTMVEPWWLSYPHFITPEGIHRSXQSVIXLERMR
WUYEVIERHVIGXERKYPEVGSPYQRW[MXLXMIWXLIVIWLSYPHFIE QQ JVSQFIRHTSMRXW
QMRMQYQSJJSYVFEVW EXPIEWXSRIPSRKMXYHMREPFEVMRIEGL J  3JJWIX FEVW WLSYPH FI FIRX FIJSVI TPEGIQIRX MR XLI
GSVRIV ERHMRVSYRHGSPYQRW[MXLWTMVEPWEQMRMQYQSJ JSVQWERH
WM\PSRKMXYHMREPFEVW K ;LIVIEGSPYQRJEGIMWSJJWIXJVSQXLIGSPYQRFIPS[
 (MWXVMFYXMSR SJ PSRKMXYHMREP FEVW{'SPYQR MXF]QSVIXLERSRIWM\XLSJXLIHITXLSJXLIKMVHIVSVWPEF
PSRKMXYHMREP FEV WTEGMRK EPSRK EPP GSPYQR JEGIW WLSYPH FI SVMR QQ PSRKMXYHMREPFEVWWLSYPHRSXFISJJWIXFIRX
ETTVS\MQEXIP]IUYEP 7ITEVEXIHS[IPWPETWTPMGIH[MXLXLIPSRKMXYHMREPFEVWEHNE
 1MRMQYQ GPIEV WTEGMRK FIX[IIR PSRKMXYHMREP GIRX XS XLI SJJWIX GSPYQR JEGIW WLSYPH FI TVSZMHIH 0ET
FEVW{'PIEV WTEGMRK FIX[IIR PSRKMXYHMREP FEVW WLSYPH RSX WTPMGIWWLSYPHGSRJSVQXS
FIPIWWXLERHFRSVMR QQ  *MK   1E\MQYQRYQFIVSJPSRKMXYHMREPFEVWMRIEGL
 'PIEV WTEGMRK FIX[IIR TEVEPPIP PET WTPMGIW{ VIGXERKYPEV GSPYQR JEGI{'EPGYPEXMSR SJ XLI QE\MQYQ
'PIEVWTEGMRKPMQMXEXMSRFIX[IIRFEVWWLSYPHEPWSETTP]XS RYQFIVSJPSRKMXYHMREPFEVWMREGSPYQRJEGIWLSYPHGSRWMHIV
XLIGPIEVHMWXERGIFIX[IIREGSRXEGXPETWTPMGIERHEHNEGIRX XLI PSRKMXYHMREP ERH XVERWZIVWI FEV HMEQIXIVW GSRGVIXI
WTPMGIWSVFEVW GSZIV   QE\MQYQ RSQMREP GSEVWI EKKVIKEXI WM^I ERH
 6IMRJSVGMRK FEV WTPMGMRK{9T XS SRILEPJ XLI QMRMQYQGPIEVWTEGMRKFIX[IIRFEVW;LIRXLIWIGEPGYPE
PSRKMXYHMREPFEVWEXER]KMZIRWIGXMSRQE]FIPETWTPMGIHEW XMSRWEVIRSXTIVJSVQIH E ERH F WLSYPHFIYWIH
PSRKEWSRP]EPXIVREXIFEVWEPSRKXLIGVSWWWIGXMSRTIVMQIXIVEVI E *SVGSPYQRHMQIRWMSRFGKVIEXIVXLERMR QQ 
PETWTPMGIH *MKEERHF 8LMWTVEGXMGIVIHYGIW XLI QE\MQYQ RYQFIVSJ FEVW MR E GSPYQRJEGI WLSYPH FI
GSRKIWXMSRERHTVSZMHIWXLIGSPYQR[MXLKSSHHYGXMPMX]EXPET HIXIVQMRIHYWMRK)U 
PSGEXMSRW0ETWTPMGIWSJPSRKMXYHMREPVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPH
GSQTP][MXL

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6 

*MK{)JJIGXMZIGVSWWWIGXMSRSJGSPYQRWFYMPXQSRS *MK{'PIEVWTEGMRK FIX[IIRPSRKMXYHMREPFEVWMR


PMXLMGEPP][MXLE[EPP GSPYQRW

*MKE{8]TMGEPGSPYQRVIMRJSVGIQIRXPE]SYX

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
 +9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6

*MKF{8]TMGEPGSPYQRVIMRJSVGIQIRXPE]SYXMRLMKLWIMWQMG^SRIW

 1E\MQYQ RYQFIV SJ PSRKMXYHMREP FEVW MR


QE\MQYQRYQFIVSJFEVWTIVJEGI c bc bc  GMVGYPEVGSPYQR{8LIGEPGYPEXMSRJSVXLIQE\MQYQRYQFIV
3 75 SJPSRKMXYHMREPFEVWMRGMVGYPEVGSPYQRWWLSYPHGSRWMHIVXLI
GSRGVIXI GSZIV   QE\MQYQ RSQMREP GSEVWI EKKVIKEXI
WM^IQMRMQYQGPIEVWTEGMRKFIX[IIRFEVWERHPSRKMXYHMREP
[LIVI FGMWMRMRGLIW QQ  8EFPI  ERH XVERWZIVWI FEV HMEQIXIVW ;LIR XLIWI GEPGYPEXMSRW EVI
F 1E\MQYQSJXLVIIPSRKMXYHMREPFEVWWLSYPHFIYWIHMR RSX TIVJSVQIH XLI QE\MQYQ RYQFIV SJ FEVW WLSYPH FI
XLIGSPYQRJEGIW[LSWIHMQIRWMSRFGMWPIWWXLERSVIUYEPXS HIXIVQMRIH YWMRK )U   [LIVI L MW XLI GSPYQR
MR QQ  8EFPI  HMEQIXIV 8EFPI 

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6 

(e) The first tie should be located one-half spacing above


h XLIXSTSJXLIWPEFFIEQSVJSSXMRKERHXLIYTTIVQSWXSRI
QE\MQYQRSSJFEVW Lz c e 6 (SI)  WLSYPHFIPSGEXIHRSQSVIXLERSRILEPJXMIWTEGMRKFIPS[
25
XLI PS[IWX LSVM^SRXEP VIMRJSVGIQIRX SJWLEPPS[IWX QIQFIV
 :EPYISJHGERHHXSYWIMRGSPYQRW{'EPGYPE WYTTSVXIHEFSZI
XMSRSJHGWLSYPHGSRWMHIVXLIGSRGVIXIGSZIV  ERHPSRKM  7TMVEP{'SPYQRWWTMVEPWWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL E 
XYHMREPERHXVERWZIVWIFEVHMEQIXIVW XLVSYKL J 
8LIJSPPS[MRKZEPYIWGERFIYWIHJSVGSPYQRWHG!MR E  %PP PSRKMXYHMREP GSPYQR FEVW WLSYPH FI IRGPSWIH F]
 QQ  JSV MRXIVMSV I\TSWYVI ERH HG !  MR  QQ  JSV E WTMVEP GSRWMWXMRK SJ ER IZIRP] WTEGIH GSRXMRYSYW FEV
I\XIVMSVI\TSWYVI 1MRMQYQWTMVEPFEVHMEQIXIVWLSYPHFIMR QQ 
 8VERWZIVWIVIMRJSVGIQIRX F  'PIEV ZIVXMGEP WTEGMRK FIX[IIR WTMVEPW WLSYPH RSX
 +IRIVEP{'SPYQRW WLSYPH LEZI XMI VIMRJSVGI I\GIIHMR QQ RSVFIPIWWXLERMR QQ ERH
QIRX SV WTMVEP VIMRJSVGIQIRX GSRJSVQMRK XS  SV WLSYPHGSQTP][MXL
 VIWTIGXMZIP] 'SPYQRW PSGEXIH MR WIMWQMG ^SRIW G  7TMVEPW WLSYPH LEZI  I\XVE XYVRW EX IEGL IRH SJ E
should have confining transverse reinforcement as indicated WTMVEPYRMX
MR 'LETXIV%XGSPYQRFIEQNSMRXWXLIQMRMQYQRYQFIV H 7TPMGIWMRWTMVEPWWLSYPHGSQTP][MXLERHIRHMR
SJXMIWWLSYPHFIEWMRHMGEXIHF] ELSSOHMVIGXIHXSXLIGSPYQRGSVI
 8MIW MR RSRWIMWQMG ^SRIW{'SPYQR XMIW WLSYPH I 7TMVEPWWLSYPHI\XIRHJVSQXLIXSTSJJSSXMRKSVWPEF
GSQTP][MXL E XLVSYKL I  XSXLIPIZIPSJPS[IWXLSVM^SRXEPVIMRJSVGIQIRXSJWLEPPS[IWX
E %PPPSRKMXYHMREPGSPYQRFEVWWLSYPHFIIRGPSWIHF]PEXIVEP QIQFIV WYTTSVXIH EFSZI -R GSPYQRW [MXL GETMXEPW WTMVEP
XMIW1MRMQYQXMIFEVHMEQIXIVWLSYPHFIMR QQ  WLSYPHI\XIRHXSEPIZIPEX[LMGLXLIHMEQIXIVSV[MHXLSJ
F 8MIWWLSYPHFIEVVERKIHWSXLEXIZIV]GSVRIVERHEPXIVREXI GETMXEPMWX[SXMQIWXLEXSJXLIGSPYQRERH
PSRKMXYHMREPFEVWLSYPHLEZIPEXIVEPWYTTSVXTVSZMHIHF]XLI J  7TMVEP VIMRJSVGIQIRX VEXMS W, defined as ratio of the
GSVRIVSJEXMISVEGVSWWXMI *MKE  ZSPYQISJVIMRJSVGIQIRXGSRXEMRIHMRSRIWTMVEPPSSTXSXLI
 G %PSRKEXMIRSPSRKMXYHMREPFEVWLSYPHFIJEVXLIVXLER volume of concrete in the column confined by the same spiral
MR QQ GPIEVJVSQEPEXIVEPP]WYTTSVXIHPSRKMXYHMREP PSSTWLSYPHFIRSXPIWWXLERXLIZEPYIKMZIRF])U  
FEV *MKE  *MK 
H :IVXMGEPWTEGMRKSJXMIWWWLSYPHRSXI\GIIHXLIPIEWXSJ
PSRKMXYHMREPFEVHMEQIXIVWXMIFEVHMEQIXIVWERHXLI 8EFPI {1E\MQYQRYQFIVSJPSRKMXYHMREP
PIEWXHMQIRWMSRSJXLIGSPYQRWIGXMSR *MKF ERH FEVWMRIEGLVIGXERKYPEVGSPYQRJEGI
1E\MQYQRYQFIVSJ
'SPYQRHMQIRWMSRFGMR QQ PSRKMXYHMREPFEVW
FG MR QQ 7IGXMSRRSXTIVQMXXIH
MR QQ c FG MR QQ 8LVIIFEVW
MR QQ c FG c FG?c FG 7- AFEVW

8EFPI {1E\MQYQRYQFIVSJPSRKMXYHMREP
FEVWMRGMVGYPEVGSPYQRW
1E\MQYQRYQFIVSJ
'SPYQRHMEQIXIVLMR QQ PSRKMXYHMREPFEVW
L MR QQ 7IGXMSRRSXTIVQMXXIH

h
MR QQ c L c he6 e 6 FEVW
25
*MK{0SRKMXYHMREPFEVSJJWIX

*MKE{,SVM^SRXEPXMIEVVERKIQIRX

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
 +9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6

JG is the column concrete specified strength; and J]X MW XLI


WXIIP]MIPHWXVIRKXLSJXLIWTMVEP
 'SPYQRKMVHIVNSMRXW{%XGSPYQRKMVHIVNSMRXWSJ
JVEQIWEQMRMQYQSJXLVIIGSPYQRXMIWWLSYPHFITVSZMHIH
[MXLMRXLINSMRX[MXLEQE\MQYQZIVXMGEPWTEGMRKFIX[IIR
XMIWSJMR QQ  *MK 
 8MI LSSOW{%PP GSPYQR XMIW WLSYPH LEZI
HIKVII LSSOW   'VSWWXMIW [MXL E HIKVII LSSO
MRSRI IRHERH EHIKVIIMRXLISXLIVIRHQE] FIYWIH
'SRWIGYXMZI GVSWWXMIW IRKEKMRK XLI WEQI PSRKMXYHMREP FEV
WLSYPHLEZIXLIMVHIKVIILSSOWEXSTTSWMXIWMHIWSJXLI
GSPYQR
 8MI PIK WTPMGMRK{'SPYQR XMIW WLSYPH RSX FI
PETWTPMGIH
 'SPYQR VIMRJSVGIQIRX MR WIMWQMG ^SRIW{-R
*MKF{:IVXMGEPWTEGMRKSJXMIW GSPYQRWXLEX EVI TEVX SJE QSQIRXVIWMWXMRK JVEQIPSGEXIH
MR WIMWQMG ^SRIW VIMRJSVGIQIRX WLSYPH EPWS GSQTP] [MXL
'LETXIV'SPYQRWXLEXEVITEVXSJWPEFGSPYQRJVEQIWMR
WIMWQMG^SRIWWLSYPHEPWSGSQTP][MXL'LETXIV

{*PI\YVI
 *EGXSVIH PSEHW ERH QSQIRXW{*EGXSVIH E\MEP
PSEH 4YERHQSQIRX1YEXXLIWIGXMSRYRHIVGSRWMHIVEXMSR
WLSYPHFIFEWIHSR
 8VMEPGVSWWWIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRWERHPSRKMXYHMREP
VIMRJSVGIQIRX
 8VMEP GVSWWWIGXMSREP HMQIRWMSRW{8VMEP GVSWW
WIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRWWLSYPHFIIWXEFPMWLIHEWJSPPS[W
E  8VMEP KVSWW GVSWWWIGXMSREP EVIE %K WLSYPH FI HIXIV
*MK{7TMVEPVIMRJSVGIQIRXSJGSPYQR QMRIHJVSQ)U E 

E

F *SVVIGXERKYPEVGVSWWWIGXMSRWXLIPIEWXHMQIRWMSRFG
WLSYPHGSQTP][MXL

„ 10 in. (250 mm)


f hc 3
ff
bc ‘ hn 10 for central columns F
f hn 9 for edge columns
f
fd hn 8 for corner columns

*MK{'SPYQRXMIWMRGSPYQRKMVHIVNSMRXW G *SVVIGXERKYPEVGVSWWWIGXMSRWXLIPEVKIVHMQIRWMSRLG
WLSYPHGSQTP][MXL

Ab g d cs e db Ag fc
s 0.45 1  c
Acs s Acs f yt
c n for central columns G
n for edge columns
[LIVI %FMWXLIEVIESJXLIWTMVEPFEVSV[MVIHFMWXLIWTMVEP n for corner columns
FEVSV[MVIHMEQIXIVHGWMWXLISYXWMHIHMEQIXIVSJXLIWTMVEP
WMWXLIZIVXMGEPWTEGMRKSJXLIWTMVEP%GWMWXLIEVIESJXLI H  *SV GMVGYPEV GSPYQRW XLI HMEQIXIV L WLSYPH GSQTP]
confined column core measured from the outside diameter of [MXL
XLIWTMVEP%GW!gHGW %KMWXLIKVSWWGSPYQRWIGXMSREVIE

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6 

„ 12 in. (300 mm) QSQIRXEXXLIGSPYQRPS[IVIRHERHLRMWXLIGPIEVHMWXERGI


f FIX[IIRGSPYQRPEXIVEPWYTTSVXW
f hn 10 for central columns
h ‘ H  *EGXSVIHWLIEVJVSQLSVM^SRXEPPSEHW{*EGXSVIH
f hn 9 for edge columns WLIEV :YHYIXSLSVM^SRXEPPSEHWWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHJVSQ
fd hn 8 for corner columns XLILSVM^SRXEPPSEHWTVIWGVMFIHMR'LETXIVERHETTPMIHXS
XLIWXVYGXYVIEWTVIWGVMFIHMR'LETXIVYWMRKETTVSTVMEXI
PSEHGSQFMREXMSRWJVSQ
 8VMEP PSRKMXYHMREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX{8VMEP EVIE SJ  (IWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXL
PSRKMXYHMREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX %WX WLSYPH FI IWXEFPMWLIH EW  +IRIVEP{8LIHIWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXLWLSYPHIUYEP
JSPPS[W SV I\GIIH JEGXSVIH FIEQEGXMSR WLIEV [LMGL EGGSQTERMIW
E *SVVIGXERKYPEVGVSWWWIGXMSRWXLIXVMEPEVIESJPSRKMXY GSPYQRQSQIRXWERHSGGYVWMRFSXLLSVM^SRXEPHMVIGXMSRW
HMREPVIMRJSVGIQIRX%WXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL having a constant value in the clear distance between floors.
 7LIEV WXVIRKXL{'SPYQR WIGXMSR WLIEV WXVIRKXL
„f0.01Ag :RWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHJSPPS[MRKXLITVSGIHYVIMR
Ast ‘ WII  E JSVFIEQEGXMSRWLIEVYWMRK)U  
fd4 Ab min .
Vn Vc +Vs 
F  *SV GMVGYPEV GVSWW WIGXMSRW XLI XVMEP EVIE SJ PSRKMXY
HMREPVIMRJSVGIQIRX%WXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL
-R )U   :G MW GSRGVIXI WLIEV WXVIRKXL :W MW
„f0.01Ag XVERWZIVWIVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLIEVWXVIRKXLERH !
Ast ‘ WII  F  'SRXVMFYXMSRSJXLIGSRGVIXIXSWLIEVWXVIRKXL{
fd6 Ab min. 8LI GSRXVMFYXMSR SJ GSRGVIXI XS WLIEV WXVIRKXL WLSYPH FI
GSQTYXIHYWMRK)U  [MXL !
 6IUYMVIH QSQIRX WXVIRKXL{-RXIVEGXMSR HMEKVEQW
JSVGSPYQRHMQIRWMSRWERHVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHFIGEPGY
PEXIH MR FSXL HMVIGXMSRW YWMRK  8LI HIWMKR QSQIRX Vc 2 f c bd
WXVIRKXLMRFSXLHMVIGXMSRWWLSYPHFIGSQTYXIHYWMRK
fc 
;LIVIJEGXSVIHQSQIRX1YEXJEGXSVIHE\MEPPSEH4YI\GIIHW Vc bd (SI)
HIWMKRQSQIRXWXVIRKXLXLIEVIESJPSRKMXYHMREPVIMRJSVGI 6
QIRXWLSYPHFIMRGVIEWIH[MXLSYXI\GIIHMRKXLIQE\MQYQ
VIMRJSVGIQIRX EVIE TIVQMXXIH F] SV XLI QE\MQYQ
RYQFIV SJ FEVW MR IEGL GSPYQR JEGI F]  SV -R )U   H WLSYPH FI XEOIR EW XLI ETTVSTVMEXI
;LIVIPMQMXWSJ SV ZEPYIFEWIHIMXLIVSRLGSVFGMRXLIHMVIGXMSRSJXLIWLIEV
are exceeded, increase the column dimensions. These verifi ERH FMRHMVIGXMSRRSVQEPXSXLIWLIEV-RGMVGYPEVGSPYQRW
GEXMSRWWLSYPHFITIVJSVQIHEXXLIYTTIVERHPS[IVGSPYQR XLI TVSHYGX SJ F XMQIW H WLSYPH FI XEOIR EW L [MXL L
WIGXMSRWSJXLIWEQIWXSV] FIMRKXLIGSPYQRHMEQIXIV
 &ME\MEPQSQIRXWXVIRKXL{3RGIGSPYQRVIMRJSVGI  'SRXVMFYXMSR SJ XLI XVERWZIVWI VIMRJSVGIQIRX
QIRXMWGSQTYXIHJSVFSXLHMVIGXMSRWMRHITIRHIRXP]FME\MEP XS XLI WLIEV WXVIRKXL{8VERWZIVWI VIMRJSVGIQIRX WLIEV
QSQIRX WXVIRKXL WLSYPH FI GSQTYXIH YWMRK  EX XLI WXVIRKXLWLSYPHFIGSQTYXIHMRIEGLHMVIGXMSRYWMRK)U
YTTIVERHPS[IVGSPYQRWIGXMSRWSJXLIWEQIWXSV]  8LIHIWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXLWLSYPHFIFEWIHSR
)U   ERH   ;LIVI )U   MW RSX
{7LIEV WEXMWJMIHXMIWTEGMRKWWLSYPHFIVIHYGIH
 6IUYMVIHWLIEVWXVIRKXL{*EGXSVIHWLIEV:YWLSYPH
FIHIXIVQMRIHJVSQZIVXMGEPPSEHWERHJVSQLSVM^SRXEPPSEHW Av f yt d
YWMRKPSEHGSQFMREXMSRWJVSQ Vs 
s
 *EGXSVIH WLIEV JVSQ ZIVXMGEP PSEHW{*EGXSVIH
WLIEV HYI XS ZIVXMGEP PSEHW WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH JVSQ
)U  JSVIEGLLSVM^SRXEPHMVIGXMSR [LIVI %ZGSVVIWTSRHWXSEVIESJXLIXMIPIKWTEVEPPIPXSXLI
WLIEVHMVIGXMSRERHWXSXLIPEVKIWXXMIZIVXMGEPWTEGMRK[MXLMR
Mu Mu XLIGPIEVLIMKLXSJXLIGSPYQRJ]XMWXLI]MIPHWXVIRKXLSJXLI
top bottom
Vu  XMIPIKWERH !*SVGMVGYPEVWXMVVYTWSVWTMVEPVIMRJSVGI
hn QIRX %ZMWX[MGIXLIWXMVVYTSVWTMVEPFEVSV[MVIEVIE%F
 Biaxial shear strength verification{;LIR XLI
[LIVI 1Y XST GSVVIWTSRHW XS XLI JEGXSVIH QSQIRX EX XLI GSPYQRMWWYFNIGXIHXSWLIEVMRXLIX[SLSVM^SRXEPHMVIGXMSRW
GSPYQR YTTIV IRH 1Y FSXXSQ GSVVIWTSRHW XS XLI JEGXSVIH WMQYPXERISYWP]MXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL)U  

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
 +9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7 %'-6

2 2
Vu Vu y
x
1.0 
Vn x
Vn y

[LIVI :Y \ERH :Y ]GSVVIWTSRHXSXLIJEGXSVIHWLIEVMRXLI


HMVIGXMSRSJXLI\ERH]E\IWERH :R \ERH :R ]GSVVI
WTSRHXSXLIWLIEVWXVIRKXLHIXIVQMRIHJVSQ)U  
JSVXLIETTVSTVMEXIHMVIGXMSR\SV]

{'EPGYPEXMSRSJJSYRHEXMSRVIEGXMSR
 :IVXMGEP PSEH VIEGXMSR{:IVXMGEP PSEH VIEGXMSR 6Y
Fig. 11.1.2.3—Confinement stirrup spacing.
EXXLIJSYRHEXMSRWLSYPHFIIUYEPXSXLIZEPYISJ 4YEXXLI
GSPYQRPS[IVIRHHMVIGXP]EFSZIXLIJSYRHEXMSR
 1SQIRX VIEGXMSR{9RFEPERGIH QSQIRX VIEGXMSR F ,SSTWWLSYPHFIGPSWIHWXMVVYTWEXPIEWXMR QQ 
1Y EXXLI JSYRHEXMSR WLSYPH FI IUYEP XS XLI ZEPYI SJ 1Y diameter, with hooks as definedMR H ERHGSQTP]MRK[MXL
EXXLIGSPYQRPS[IVIRHHMVIGXP]EFSZIXLIJSYRHEXMSR8LMW GSPYQRXMIW'VSWWXMIWWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL  I 
YRFEPERGIHQSQIRXWLSYPHFIHMWXVMFYXIHXSXLIKVEHIFIEQW (c) The first hoop should be located no farther than 2 in.
ERHXLIJSYRHEXMSRQIQFIVWEWTVIWGVMFIHMR'LETXIV QQ JVSQXLIWYTTSVXJEGI
H ,SSTWTEGMRKWLSYPHRSXI\GIIHXLIWQEPPIVSJHERH
',%48)6{7)-71-'6)7-78%2') MR QQ ERH
{7TIGMEPVIMRJSVGIQIRXHIXEMPWJSVWIMWQMG I  *SV XLI GIRXVEP PIRKXL SJ XLI KMVHIV WTER FIX[IIR
^SRIW confinement zones, transverse reinforcement should be
 +IRIVEP{8LI JSPPS[MRK WLSYPH FI YWIH JSV XLI GPSWIHWXMVVYTW [MXL LSSOW GSQTP]MRK [MXL  H  ERH XLI
structural members located in seismic zones as defined by QE\MQYQWXMVVYTWTEGMRKWLSYPHFIH
  7LIEV WXVIRKXL{-R EHHMXMSR XS  E  XLVSYKL
 *VEQIKMVHIVW I WLSYPHEPWSFIQIX
 (MQIRWMSREP PMQMXW{1MRMQYQ [MHXL F[ SJ E %HHMXMSREPJEGXSVIHWLIEVJSVGI :IGSVVIWTSRHMRKXS
KMVHIVW WLSYPH FI  MR  QQ  ERH XLI KMVHIV WLSYPH XLI TVSFEFPI QSQIRX WXVIRKXL HIZIPSTQIRX SJ XLI WTER EX
GSQTP][MXL XLINSMRXJEGIWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHEWXLIPEVKIVZEPYIJVSQ
 0SRKMXYHMREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX{-R EHHMXMSR XS )U E ERH)U F  *MKE 
 E XLVSYKL J WLSYPHFIQIX
E %XPIEWXX[SXSTERHFSXXSQPSRKMXYHMREPFEVWWLSYPH M pr + M pr
left right
FITVSZMHIH Ve E
F  %X ER] WIGXMSR XLI VEXMSW SJ TSWMXMZI ERH RIKEXMZI n
QSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHFIIUYEPXSSVKVIEXIVXLERXLI
QMRMQYQMRHMGEXIHF]
M pr + M pr
G  %X ER] WIGXMSR XLITSWMXMZI ERH RIKEXMZI QSQIRX left right
Ve F
VIMRJSVGIQIRXVEXMSWWLSYPHRSXI\GIIH n
H  %VIE SJ TSWMXMZI QSQIRX VIMRJSVGIQIRX EX XLI NSMRX
JEGI WLSYPH RSX FI PIWW XLER SRILEPJ XLI EVIE SJ RIKEXMZI  F -R)U E ERH F 1TVERH1TVzGSVVI
QSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXEXXLIWEQINSMRXJEGI WTSRH XS TSWMXMZI ERH RIKEXMZI TVSFEFPI QSQIRX WXVIRKXL
I %VIESJTSWMXMZIERHRIKEXMZIQSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXEX EXNSMRXJEGIWHIXIVQMRIHJVSQ)U  ERHYWMRKXLI
ER]WIGXMSRWLSYPHRSXFIPIWWXLERSRIJSYVXLXLIQE\MQYQ GSVVIWTSRHMRK PSRKMXYHMREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX ]MIPH WXVIRKXL
EVIESJRIKEXMZIQSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXEXIMXLIVNSMRXJEGIERH J]TVMRWXIEHSJJ] J]TV!J] ERHEWXVIRKXLVIHYGXMSRJEGXSV
J 0ETWTPMGIWWLSYPHRSXFIYWIHMRFIEQGSPYQRWNSMRXW !
and the confinement zones defined in 11.1.2.3(a). Full length G 8LIPEVKIWXZEPYISJ :IHIXIVQMRIHJVSQ)U E 
of the lap splice should be confined with closed stirrups as SV)U F WLSYPHFIEHHIHXS:YEXXLIWYTTSVXJEGI
defined in 11.1.2.3(b), with stirrup spacing not exceeding the ERH XLI WLIEV HMEKVEQ SJ  WLSYPH FI VIGEPGYPEXIH
WQEPPIVSJHERHMR QQ  *MKF 
 8VERWZIVWIVIMRJSVGIQIRX{-REHHMXMSRXS E  H  8VERWZIVWI VIMRJSVGIQIRX JSV WLIEV WLSYPH FI HIXIV
XLVSYKL I WLSYPHFIQIX QMRIHEWTVIWGVMFIHMRI\GITX[LIVI :I:Y MWKVIEXIV
(a) Transverse reinforcement should be hoops (confine XLER :YJSVKVEZMX]PSEHWEXXLIWYTTSVXJEGI-RGSQTYXMRK
QIRXWXMVVYTW EXFSXLIRHWSJXLIKMVHIVSZIVEHMWXERGIIUYEP WLIEV VIMRJSVGIQIRX XLI GSRXVMFYXMSR SJ GSRGVIXI XS WLIEV
XSX[MGIXLIQIQFIVHITXLLQIEWYVIHJVSQXLIJEGISJXLI WXVIRKXLWLSYPHFIXEOIREW^IVS :G = 0) in the confinement
WYTTSVXMRKQIQFIVXS[EVHQMHWTER *MK  ^SRIWMRHMGEXIHMR E ERH
I  ,SSTW HIWGVMFIH MR  WLSYPH FI GSRWMHIVIH
IJJIGXMZIWLIEVVIMRJSVGIQIRX

%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK

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