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*MK{*PI\YVEPRSQMREPQSQIRXWXVIRKXL
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
*MK{(MQIRWMSRWJSVGEPGYPEXMSRSJFEPERGIHHIWMKRWXVIRKXLJSVVIGXERKYPEVXMIH
GSPYQRWERHVIMRJSVGIHGSRGVIXI[EPPW
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Mbn Pbn 0.2h 0.6 Ast f y d *MK{-RXIVEGXMSRHMEKVEQJSV 1R 4R
2
F
u n (max) F
Design strength for axial tension without flexure{
The design axial tension strength without flexure, 4XR
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tn st y
Pon Pu
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Pon Pbn
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ETTPMIHJEGXSVIHE\MEPPSEH4YWLSYPHFIIUYEPXSSVKVIEXIV
XLERXLIQE\MQYQJEGXSVIHQSQIRX1YXLEXGEREGGSQTER] *SVZEPYIWSJ4Y 4FR
XLIJEGXSVIHE\MEPPSEH4YEWWLS[RMR)UE
Pu Ptn
Mu Mn Mbn I
Mn Mu E
Pbn Ptn
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
Mu Mu 6IUYMVIHWLIEVWXVIRKXL{8LIJEGXSVIHWLIEVJSVGI
x y
1.0
:YVIUYMVIHWLIEVWXVIRKXL
HYIXSXLIETTPMIHJEGXSVIHPSEHW
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'LETXIVWXS
[LIVI 1Y
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EFSYX E\MW \ ERH ] *MK
WMQYPXERISYWP] [MXL XLI EX E WIGXMSR :R WLSYPH FI IUYEP XS SV KVIEXIV XLER XLI
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:G MW XLI GSRGVIXI GSRXVMFYXMSR XS XLI
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GSRXVMFYXMSRXSXLIHIWMKRWLIEVWXVIRKXL
*MK{'SPYQRWYFNIGXIHXSFME\MEPQSQIRXW
*MK{&IEQEGXMSRWLIEVERHTYRGLMRKWLIEV
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
YWIH XS HMWXVMFYXI QSQIRXW EW MRHMGEXIH F] 4SWMXMZI ERH PEXIVEP XMIW ERH QIQFIVW VIMRJSVGIH [MXL PSRKMXYHMREP
QSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL *MK
FEVWERHEGSRXMRYSYWWTMVEPVIMRJSVGIQIRX6IGXERKYPEVERH
2IKEXMZI QSQIRX VIMRJSVGIQIRX{-R FSXL HMVIG GMVGYPEVWIGXMSRWEVITIVQMXXIH
XMSRW XLI RIKEXMZI QSQIRX VIMRJSVGIQIRX VEXMS MR XLI
HMVIGXMSR SJ XLI WTER WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH YWMRK ZEPYIW {0SEHW
SJ 1YzHIXIVQMRIHJVSQ *MK F ERH G
0SEHWXSFIMRGPYHIH{*SVGSPYQRWFIPSRKMRKXS
JSVXLIWXVMTYRHIVGSRWMHIVEXMSR*SVRIKEXMZIQSQIRXWMR JVEQIW SV WPEFGSPYQR W]WXIQW XLI XVMFYXEV] PSEHW JVSQ
XLIGSPYQRWXVMTXLIWXVMT[MHXL F should be as defined in each floor plus self-weight of the column should be included.
*SV RIKEXMZI QSQIRXW MR XLI SRILEPJ QMHHPI WXVMTW 8VMFYXEV]PSEHWWLSYPHGSRJSVQXS'LETXIVERHXLITEVXMG
SRIEGLWMHIXLIWXVMT[MHXLWLSYPHFIGSRWMWXIRX[MXLXLI YPEVPSEHWSJIEGLXVMFYXEV]QIQFIVX]TI*MKEERH
[MHXL YWIH XS HMWXVMFYXI QSQIRXW EW MRHMGEXIH F] *MKF
2IKEXMZIQSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL (IEH PSEH ERH PMZI PSEH{:EPYIW SJ 4H JSV HIEH
*MK
-RXLIGSPYQRWXVMTEXWYTTSVXWXLIYRFEPERGIH PSEH ERH 4 JSV PMZI PSEH WLSYPH FI EGGYQYPEXIH MRHITIR
QSQIRXXVERWJIVSJ ERH WLSYPHFIQIX*SV dently and combined at each floor. 4HWLSYPHMRGPYHIWIPJ
YRIUYEPWXVMT[MHXLWQIIXMRKEXEWYTTSVXXLIVIMRJSVGIQIRX [IMKLXSJXLIGSPYQR7IPJ[IMKLXWLSYPHYWIXLIHIEHPSEH
JVSQIEGLWMHIPIEHMRKXSXLIPEVKIVRIKEXMZIQSQIRXVIMR JEGXSV SJ XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK PSEH GSQFMREXMSR IUYEXMSRW MR
JSVGIQIRXVEXMS WLSYPHFIYWIH 7IPJ[IMKLXWLSYPHFIETTPMIHEXXLIPS[IVTEVXSJXLI
Joist reinforcement of waffle-slab systems GSPYQRMRXLEXWXSV]*MKF
Positive moment reinforcement in joists of waffle- 6IUYMVIHWXVIRKXL{:EPYIWSJXLIJEGXSVIHPSEH4Y
WPEFW{4SWMXMZI QSQIRXW YWIH XS GEPGYPEXI VIMRJSVGIQIRX JSV ERHJEGXSVIHQSQIRX1YWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHEXXLIYTTIV
IEGLNSMWXWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHYWMRKZEPYIWSJ1YJVSQ and lower part of each column at each floor. The direction
HMZMHIHF]XLIRYQFIVSJNSMWXW[MXLMRXLIWXVMTYRHIVGSRWMH MRTPEREPSRK[LMGLXLIQSQIRXW1Y\ERH1Y]EGXWLSYPHFI
IVEXMSR 8FIEQ IJJIGX EW MRHMGEXIH MR QE] FI YWIH RSXIH*MKF
4SWMXMZIQSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL
I\GITXXLEXXLIVIMRJSVGIQIRXGYXSJJWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL {(MQIRWMSREPPMQMXW
Negative moment reinforcement in joists of waffle- +IRIVEP{-R EHHMXMSR XS 'LETXIV GSPYQRW
WPEFW{2IKEXMZI QSQIRXW YWIH XS GEPGYPEXI VIMRJSVGI WLSYPHGSQTP][MXLXLIKIRIVEPHMQIRWMSREPPMQMXWWIXJSVXL
QIRX JSV IEGL NSMWX WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH YWMRK ZEPYIW SJ MR 'SPYQRWWLSYPHFIZIVXMGEPERHWLSYPHFIGSRXMRYSYW
1YzJVSQHMZMHIHF]XLIRYQFIVSJNSMWXW[MXLMRXLI HS[R XS XLI JSYRHEXMSR 'SPYQR WIGXMSR WLETI WLSYPH FI
WXVMT YRHIV GSRWMHIVEXMSR 2IKEXMZI QSQIRX VIMRJSVGIQIRX IMXLIVVIGXERKYPEVSVGMVGYPEV
WLSYPH GSQTP] [MXL I\GITX XLEX XLI VIMRJSVGIQIRX (MQIRWMSREPPMQMXW
GYXSJJWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL 1MRMQYQGVSWWWIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRWJSVVIGXER
Shear reinforcement in joists of waffle-slabs{ KYPEVGSPYQRW{'VSWWWIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRWJSVVIGXERKYPEV
:EPYIW SJ :Y EX XLI WYTTSVXW WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH YWMRK GSPYQRWWLSYPHGSQTP][MXLE
ERHF
*MK
7LIEVVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL E
8LIPIEWXGVSWWWIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRWLSYPHRSXFIPIWW
ERH 7XMVVYT WTEGMRK W should be defined for the XLERMRQQ
ERH
HMJJIVIRXVIKMSRW[MXLMRXLIWTER1MRMQYQWXMVVYTWTEGMRK F
6EXMS SJ XLI PSRK GVSWWWIGXMSREP HMQIRWMSR XS XLI
EW MRHMGEXIH F] should be used. The first stirrup WLSVXHMQIRWMSRWLSYPHRSXI\GIIHI\GITXMRWPEFGSPYQR
WLSYPHRSXFITPEGIHJYVXLIVXLERWJVSQXLIWYTTSVXJEGI W]WXIQW[LIVIMXWLSYPHRSXI\GIIH
[MXL WFIMRKXLIWXMVVYTWTEGMRKEXXLIWYTTSVX
{'EPGYPEXMSRSJWYTTSVXVIEGXMSRW
:IVXMGEP VIEGXMSRW EX GSPYQRW ERH [EPPW{:IVXMGEP
VIEGXMSRW SJ XLI WYTTSVXMRK QIQFIVW 6Y WLSYPH FI HIXIV
QMRIH EW XLI XSXEP JEGXSVIH HIWMKR PSEH UY QYPXMTPMIH F]
XLIEVIE FSYRH F] TERIP GIRXIVPMRIWEVSYRHXLI WYTTSVXMRK
QIQFIV*MK
'SPYQRERH[EPPQSQIRXWJVSQZIVXMGEPPSEHMRK{
'SPYQRWERH[EPPWFYMPXMRXIKVEPP][MXLEWPEFW]WXIQWLSYPH
VIWMWXYRFEPERGIHQSQIRXWHYIXSJEGXSVIHPSEHWSRXLIWPEF
W]WXIQ 9RFEPERGIH QSQIRXW 1Y WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH
JVSQ ERHWLSYPHFIHMWXVMFYXIHXSXLIGSPYQRWEFSZI
ERHFIPS[XLIWPEFYWMRKXLITVSGIHYVISJ
',%48)6{'309127
{+IRIVEP
'SPYQRW WLSYPH FI HIWMKRIH YWMRK 'LETXIV 8LMW *MK E{*EGXSVIH GSPYQR PSEHW ERH QSQIRXW JVSQ
GLETXIVETTPMIWXSQIQFIVWVIMRJSVGIH[MXLPSRKMXYHMREPFEVW single floor and in one direction.
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
1MRMQYQGVSWWWIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRJSVGMVGYPEV
GSPYQRW{'SPYQRW [MXL E GMVGYPEV GVSWW WIGXMSR WLSYPH
LEZIEHMEQIXIVSJEXPIEWXMRQQ
*MK
(MWXERGIFIX[IIRPEXIVEPWYTTSVXW
+IRIVEP—It should be assumed that the floor
W]WXIQTVSZMHIWGSPYQRPEXIVEPVIWXVEMRXMRFSXLLSVM^SRXEP
HMVIGXMSRWEXEPPWYTTSVXIHPIZIPW*MK
*MK {1MRMQYQ GVSWWWIGXMSREP HMQIRWMSRW JSV
-RXIVMSV GSPYQRW{*SV MRXIVMSV GSPYQRW XLI
VIGXERKYPEVGSPYQRW
GSPYQRGVSWWWIGXMSRHMQIRWMSRTEVEPPIPXSXLIHMVIGXMSRSJ
XLIWYTTSVXWLSYPHRSXFIPIWWXLERSJXLIGPIEVZIVXMGEP
HMWXERGIFIX[IIRPEXIVEPWYTTSVXWLR*MK
)HKIGSPYQRW{*SVIHKIGSPYQRWGSPYQRGVSWW
WIGXMSRHMQIRWMSRTIVTIRHMGYPEVXSXLIIHKIWLSYPHRSXFI
PIWW XLER SRIRMRXL SJ XLI GPIEV ZIVXMGEP HMWXERGI FIX[IIR
PEXIVEPWYTTSVXWLR*MK
'SVRIVGSPYQRW{*SVGSVRIVGSPYQRWQMRMQYQ *MK {1MRMQYQ GVSWWWIGXMSREP HMQIRWMSR JSV
GSPYQRGVSWWWIGXMSRHMQIRWMSRWLSYPHFISRIIMKLXLSJXLIGPIEV GMVGYPEVGSPYQRW
ZIVXMGEPHMWXERGIFIX[IIRPEXIVEPWYTTSVXWLR*MK
'SPYQRFYMPXQSRSPMXLMGEPP][MXL[EPP{)JJIGXMZI 0SRKMXYHMREPVIMRJSVGIQIRX
GVSWWWIGXMSRSJEXMIHSVWTMVEPP]VIMRJSVGIHGSPYQRXLEXMW (IWGVMTXMSR ERH PSGEXMSR{0SRKMXYHMREP VIMR
QSRSPMXLMG[MXLEGSRGVIXI[EPPWLSYPHFIXEOIRRSXKVIEXIV JSVGIQIRXWLSYPHFITVSZMHIHEXXLITIVMTLIV]SJXLIGSPYQR
XLERMRQQ
SYXWMHIXLIXMISVWTMVEPVIMRJSVGIQIRX WIGXMSR 0SRKMXYHMREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX WLSYPH FI PSGEXIH EW
SVXLIPEXIVEP[EPPJEGIW*MK
GPSWIXSXLIGSPYQRPEXIVEPWYVJEGIWEWTVEGXMGEFPIJSPPS[MRK
XVERWZIVWI VIMRJSVGIQIRX ERH GSRGVIXI GSZIV ERH
{6IMRJSVGIQIRXHIXEMPW
8LI EVIE SJ PSRKMXYHMREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX WLSYPH
+IRIVEP{'SPYQR VIMRJSVGIQIRX WLSYPH FI SJ FIEHIUYEXIXSVIWMWXXLIWMQYPXERISYWEGXMSRSJEJEGXSVIH
XLIX]TIWHIWGVMFIHMR'LETXIVERHWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL E\MEPPSEHERHJEGXSVIHQSQIRXWEGXMRKEFSYXXLIX[SQEMR
XS GSPYQRE\IW*MKF
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
*MK{0EXIVEPVIWXVEMRXJSVGSPYQRW
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
*MKE{8]TMGEPGSPYQRVIMRJSVGIQIRXPE]SYX
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
*MKF{8]TMGEPGSPYQRVIMRJSVGIQIRXPE]SYXMRLMKLWIMWQMG^SRIW
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
8EFPI {1E\MQYQRYQFIVSJPSRKMXYHMREP
FEVWMRGMVGYPEVGSPYQRW
1E\MQYQRYQFIVSJ
'SPYQRHMEQIXIVLMRQQ
PSRKMXYHMREPFEVW
L MRQQ
7IGXMSRRSXTIVQMXXIH
h
MRQQ
c L c he6 e 6 FEVW
25
*MK{0SRKMXYHMREPFEVSJJWIX
*MKE{,SVM^SRXEPXMIEVVERKIQIRX
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
{*PI\YVI
*EGXSVIH PSEHW ERH QSQIRXW{*EGXSVIH E\MEP
PSEH 4YERHQSQIRX1YEXXLIWIGXMSRYRHIVGSRWMHIVEXMSR
WLSYPHFIFEWIHSR
8VMEPGVSWWWIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRWERHPSRKMXYHMREP
VIMRJSVGIQIRX
8VMEP GVSWWWIGXMSREP HMQIRWMSRW{8VMEP GVSWW
WIGXMSREPHMQIRWMSRWWLSYPHFIIWXEFPMWLIHEWJSPPS[W
E
8VMEP KVSWW GVSWWWIGXMSREP EVIE %K WLSYPH FI HIXIV
*MK{7TMVEPVIMRJSVGIQIRXSJGSPYQR QMRIHJVSQ)UE
E
F
*SVVIGXERKYPEVGVSWWWIGXMSRWXLIPIEWXHMQIRWMSRFG
WLSYPHGSQTP][MXL
*MK{'SPYQRXMIWMRGSPYQRKMVHIVNSMRXW G
*SVVIGXERKYPEVGVSWWWIGXMSRWXLIPEVKIVHMQIRWMSRLG
WLSYPHGSQTP][MXL
Ab g d cs e db Ag fc
s 0.45 1
c
Acs s Acs f yt
c n for central columns G
n for edge columns
[LIVI %FMWXLIEVIESJXLIWTMVEPFEVSV[MVIHFMWXLIWTMVEP n for corner columns
FEVSV[MVIHMEQIXIVHGWMWXLISYXWMHIHMEQIXIVSJXLIWTMVEP
WMWXLIZIVXMGEPWTEGMRKSJXLIWTMVEP%GWMWXLIEVIESJXLI H
*SV GMVGYPEV GSPYQRW XLI HMEQIXIV L WLSYPH GSQTP]
confined column core measured from the outside diameter of [MXL
XLIWTMVEP%GW!gHGW %KMWXLIKVSWWGSPYQRWIGXMSREVIE
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK
+9-()837-140-*-)(()7-+2*366)-2*36')('32'6)8)&9-0(-2+7%'-6
2 2
Vu Vu y
x
1.0
Vn x
Vn y
{'EPGYPEXMSRSJJSYRHEXMSRVIEGXMSR
:IVXMGEP PSEH VIEGXMSR{:IVXMGEP PSEH VIEGXMSR 6Y
Fig. 11.1.2.3—Confinement stirrup spacing.
EXXLIJSYRHEXMSRWLSYPHFIIUYEPXSXLIZEPYISJ 4YEXXLI
GSPYQRPS[IVIRHHMVIGXP]EFSZIXLIJSYRHEXMSR
1SQIRX VIEGXMSR{9RFEPERGIH QSQIRX VIEGXMSR F
,SSTWWLSYPHFIGPSWIHWXMVVYTWEXPIEWXMRQQ
1Y EXXLI JSYRHEXMSR WLSYPH FI IUYEP XS XLI ZEPYI SJ 1Y diameter, with hooks as definedMRH
ERHGSQTP]MRK[MXL
EXXLIGSPYQRPS[IVIRHHMVIGXP]EFSZIXLIJSYRHEXMSR8LMW GSPYQRXMIW'VSWWXMIWWLSYPHGSQTP][MXL I
YRFEPERGIHQSQIRXWLSYPHFIHMWXVMFYXIHXSXLIKVEHIFIEQW (c) The first hoop should be located no farther than 2 in.
ERHXLIJSYRHEXMSRQIQFIVWEWTVIWGVMFIHMR'LETXIV QQ
JVSQXLIWYTTSVXJEGI
H
,SSTWTEGMRKWLSYPHRSXI\GIIHXLIWQEPPIVSJHERH
',%48)6{7)-71-'6)7-78%2') MRQQ
ERH
{7TIGMEPVIMRJSVGIQIRXHIXEMPWJSVWIMWQMG I
*SV XLI GIRXVEP PIRKXL SJ XLI KMVHIV WTER FIX[IIR
^SRIW confinement zones, transverse reinforcement should be
+IRIVEP{8LI JSPPS[MRK WLSYPH FI YWIH JSV XLI GPSWIHWXMVVYTW [MXL LSSOW GSQTP]MRK [MXL H
ERH XLI
structural members located in seismic zones as defined by QE\MQYQWXMVVYTWTEGMRKWLSYPHFIH
7LIEV WXVIRKXL{-R EHHMXMSR XS E
XLVSYKL
*VEQIKMVHIVW I
WLSYPHEPWSFIQIX
(MQIRWMSREP PMQMXW{1MRMQYQ [MHXL F[ SJ E
%HHMXMSREPJEGXSVIHWLIEVJSVGI :IGSVVIWTSRHMRKXS
KMVHIVW WLSYPH FI MR QQ
ERH XLI KMVHIV WLSYPH XLI TVSFEFPI QSQIRX WXVIRKXL HIZIPSTQIRX SJ XLI WTER EX
GSQTP][MXL XLINSMRXJEGIWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHEWXLIPEVKIVZEPYIJVSQ
0SRKMXYHMREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX{-R EHHMXMSR XS )UE
ERH)UF
*MKE
E
XLVSYKLJ
WLSYPHFIQIX
E
%XPIEWXX[SXSTERHFSXXSQPSRKMXYHMREPFEVWWLSYPH M pr + M pr
left right
FITVSZMHIH Ve E
F
%X ER] WIGXMSR XLI VEXMSW SJ TSWMXMZI ERH RIKEXMZI n
QSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHFIIUYEPXSSVKVIEXIVXLERXLI
QMRMQYQMRHMGEXIHF]
M pr + M pr
G
%X ER] WIGXMSR XLITSWMXMZI ERH RIKEXMZI QSQIRX left right
Ve F
VIMRJSVGIQIRXVEXMSWWLSYPHRSXI\GIIH n
H
%VIE SJ TSWMXMZI QSQIRX VIMRJSVGIQIRX EX XLI NSMRX
JEGI WLSYPH RSX FI PIWW XLER SRILEPJ XLI EVIE SJ RIKEXMZI F
-R)UE
ERHF
1TVERH1TVzGSVVI
QSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXEXXLIWEQINSMRXJEGI WTSRH XS TSWMXMZI ERH RIKEXMZI TVSFEFPI QSQIRX WXVIRKXL
I
%VIESJTSWMXMZIERHRIKEXMZIQSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXEX EXNSMRXJEGIWHIXIVQMRIHJVSQ)U
ERHYWMRKXLI
ER]WIGXMSRWLSYPHRSXFIPIWWXLERSRIJSYVXLXLIQE\MQYQ GSVVIWTSRHMRK PSRKMXYHMREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX ]MIPH WXVIRKXL
EVIESJRIKEXMZIQSQIRXVIMRJSVGIQIRXEXIMXLIVNSMRXJEGIERH J]TVMRWXIEHSJJ]J]TV!J]
ERHEWXVIRKXLVIHYGXMSRJEGXSV
J
0ETWTPMGIWWLSYPHRSXFIYWIHMRFIEQGSPYQRWNSMRXW !
and the confinement zones defined in 11.1.2.3(a). Full length G
8LIPEVKIWXZEPYISJ :IHIXIVQMRIHJVSQ)UE
of the lap splice should be confined with closed stirrups as SV)UF
WLSYPHFIEHHIHXS:YEXXLIWYTTSVXJEGI
defined in 11.1.2.3(b), with stirrup spacing not exceeding the ERH XLI WLIEV HMEKVEQ SJ WLSYPH FI VIGEPGYPEXIH
WQEPPIVSJHERHMRQQ
*MKF
8VERWZIVWIVIMRJSVGIQIRX{-REHHMXMSRXSE
H
8VERWZIVWI VIMRJSVGIQIRX JSV WLIEV WLSYPH FI HIXIV
XLVSYKLI
WLSYPHFIQIX QMRIHEWTVIWGVMFIHMRI\GITX[LIVI :I:Y MWKVIEXIV
(a) Transverse reinforcement should be hoops (confine XLER :YJSVKVEZMX]PSEHWEXXLIWYTTSVXJEGI-RGSQTYXMRK
QIRXWXMVVYTW
EXFSXLIRHWSJXLIKMVHIVSZIVEHMWXERGIIUYEP WLIEV VIMRJSVGIQIRX XLI GSRXVMFYXMSR SJ GSRGVIXI XS WLIEV
XSX[MGIXLIQIQFIVHITXLLQIEWYVIHJVSQXLIJEGISJXLI WXVIRKXLWLSYPHFIXEOIREW^IVS :G = 0) in the confinement
WYTTSVXMRKQIQFIVXS[EVHQMHWTER*MK
^SRIWMRHMGEXIHMRE
ERH
I
,SSTW HIWGVMFIH MR WLSYPH FI GSRWMHIVIH
IJJIGXMZIWLIEVVIMRJSVGIQIRX
%QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI'ST]VMKLXIH1EXIVMEP{[[[GSRGVIXISVK