- 199 -

EXPLORATION CASE HISTORY

OF THE GOLDEN CROSS GOLD PROSPECT

WAIHI, NEW ZEALAND

K.R. Hay

Australasian Institute of Mining and Metal14rgy

New Zealand Branch
20th Annual Conference 1986
 - 201 -

ABSTRACT

Economically significant gold-silver mineralization occurs in Miocene

andesitic flows and tuffs at Golden Cross, eight ki10metnes northwest of
Waihi, New Zealand. The highest grade mineralization occurs in a steeply
dipping elongate zone of strong quartz veining and bnecciation underlying,
but contiguous with, a gently dipping tabular quartz vein stockwork
containing potentially open-pittable lower grade gold-silver mineralization.
The stockwork zone is enveloped by argillic alteration and overlain by
unaltered Pliocene andesites and recent tephra.

Evaluation of the prospect involved underground and surface geologic mapping,

rock and soil geochemistry, IP-resistivity, magnetic and gravity surveys as
well as 1844 metnes of reverse circulation drilling and over 30,000 metres of
core drilling. The paper outlines the exploration history of the area and
describes the results of the various exploration techniques used at Golden
Cross.

INTRODUCTION

The Golden Cross Prospect is located in rolling to steep farmland in the

headwaters of the Waitekauri River eight kilometres northwest of Waihi, New
Zealand (See Figure 1). Geological reserves of about three million tonnes of
low grade near surface gold-silver mineralization and between two and three
million tonnes of higher grade mineralization amenable only to underground
mining methods has been outlined by intensive core drilling carried out since
1ate 1981.

The prospect lies immediately to the north of the old Golden Cross Mine.
Although several adits were driven into the stockwork zone at the time the
Golden Cross Mine was operating, no production resulted and this prospect can
therefore be considered the first major prec;·ousmetal discovery in the
Hauraki Goldfield this century.

The prospect is currently held under prospecting licence by a joint venture

between Cyprus Minerals New Zealand Limited and Wesley Minerals Limited, a
subsidiary of the Todd Group. Although the initial exploration work was
 - 202 -

Cooe Co/vI/Ie

",' . LOCATION MAP

~ TanYlaru Ck

Quaternury cover :~

'. . Olllilhirl Group I •

(UllminCllllIlCU iIflUeslte). UUdterllary ~

WllIti;1nOCl Group c----,

(rhyolitic). Pliocelle -Pleistocene l.--..J

, Beesons Islilnd VOICillllCS

(aIHJesltcs. dacites, IIltrUSlve yranodioritel I"'---!-~
Miocene -l. Pliocefle L----i

Basement Greywackp. ~
JurassIc '-----...l

Old minp-o Mainly Au IAlJ

nllnor base metals

FIR T H

a f

r.:Jrarv c~
THAMES
-,rf)
,',,,,
-~-'; "
'--
{
-:0~~
~) \t/hangomata

'0)

l; ..' ~ ~ ;

Auc kland.~ _'\ ...7." Thame.

l,'

:. 1 .~~~lIi"gton

LOCATION
FIGURE
 - 203 -

undertaken by Amoco Minerals New Zealand Limited and the most recent work has
been carried out by the joint venture, for the purpose of this paper the
operator is referred to simply as "Cyprus".

REGIONAL GEOLOGY

The Golden Cross Prospect lies near the southern end of the Coromandel Range,
a north-northwest trending volcanic arc. The oldest rocks of the~ range are
Mesozoic greywackes which crop out in the north of the Coromandel Peninsula
and underly the vol canic rocks at increasing depth to the south. 'The 01 dest
volcanic rocks are Miocene andesitic flows and pyroclastics which are
overlain by Pliocene dacitic and rhyolitic flows and tuffs. The dacitic and
rhyolitic rocks are locally overlain by Upper Pliocene andesite flows,
Pleistocene ignimbrites or Recent tephras. The volcanism was related to a
west-dipping Benioff zone situated to the east of the peninsula.

The Coromandel Peninsula is bounded on the west by the Hauraki depression.

Major faults within the Peninsula strike from easterly to northeasterly. The
Golden Cross Prospect is located in a five kilometre wide structural corridor
which extends from Te Ar9ha north-northeasterly towards Whangamata. Other
areas of precious metal mineralisation occur in this corridor at Karangahake,
Rahu, Owharoa, Scotia, Maoriland, Komata, Maratoto, and Wharekirauponga.

Extensive hydrothermal alteration and precious metal mineralisation occurred

concurrent with normal transcurrent faulting in the Upper Pliocene.

PROSPECT GEOLOGY

The oldest rocks at the prospect are Miocene andesitic flows and pyroclastics
which have an overall easterly dip and grade upw~rds into dacitic flows and
~

pyroclastics. The Miocene rocks are overlain by Pliocene andesite flows.

Most of the economically significant precious metal mineralcization at Golden
Cross occurs in the Empire Vein Zone, an elongate steeply dipping zone of
quartz veining and brecciation enclosed within a broader zone of strong
silicification and moderate quartz veining. The trace of the Empire Vein
Zone approximately 200 metres below surface is shown on Figure 2 whereas the
 - 204 -

broader zone of silicification and moderate quartz veining is depicted on the

generalized cross section (Figure 3). Although this broad zone of
silicification and quartz veining encloses both the Golden Cross Vein Zone
and the Empine Vein Zone and has been traced for 1500 metnes along strike,
potentially economic mineralization is restricted to less than a third of
this length.

3000 3200 3400

I I

YOUNGER ANDESITE
1400 RL
v
. ~ UnconformIty

RHYOLITIC FLOWS AND

PYROCLASTICS

1300 RL
--
ANDESITE FLOWS AND
PYROCLASTICS

ALTERATION
1200 RL
o Unaltered
o
rI
Propylltic

LJ ArgillIc

IfOO RL 22j SiliCIC

D Quartz veining ·10 vol 0/0

~ CalcIte vein

,.. I I 5000
v'
00 200

GOLDEN CROSS PROSPECT

GENERALISED GEOLOGIC
CROSS SECTION ON
LINE 4850 NORTH
FIGURE 3
 - 205 -

The intensity of quartz veining decneases towards the surface and the zone of
silicification and veining fans to form a gently east-dipping tabular body of
stockwork quartz velnlng. The silicified and stockworked zone is enveloped
by argillic alteration.

The central and eastern parts of the stockwork zone ane covened by Pliocene
andesite which is generally considered to post-date the mineralization and
alteration. Although mapped as an unconformity, the base of the younger
andesite is locally sheared and necent work adjacent to the pros-pect suggest
that the time-nelationships may be mone complex than shown on Figunes 2 and
3. The western side of the stockwork zone is generally covered by several
metres of volcanic ash and colluvium, being exposed only in road cuts and
adits. Oxidation is generally confined to the western third of the
stockwork. The depth of oxidation ranges from a few metres in argill ic rock
adjacent to the unconformity to about 100 metres in fractured and quartz
veined rocks on the footwall of the stockwork zone.

MINING HISTORY

Gold was discovered a~ Golde~ Cross by the Lowrie brothers in 1892. The lode
cropped out on both sides of the creek, varying in width from six feet to ten
feet with the quartz IIbeing of a dull-white amorphous chatacter, having
twisted bluish veins running parallel with each other, presenting an
appearance of ore which contains both silver and gold ll
(Bell & Fraser,
1912). The claim was sold to T.H. Russell who erected a five stamp battery
and berdan. This battery was soon replaced by a ten stamp battery and
cyanide plant but within a year the ore was bein9 trammed to a forty stamp
battery about four miles downstream at Waitekauri.

The Gol den Cross reef was followed for 700 metres along strike, ave ragi ng
...
four metres in width. Most production came from a fan-shaped are shoot
immediately north of the No.1 shaft. This are shoot reached its greatest
horizontal' dimension about 40 metres below surface where it was 230 metres
long. Below this level it rapidly decreased in size, being only 45 metres
long 150 metres below surface. Although the Golden Cross Vein zone consists
of a number of sub-parallel veins and stringers, only the Golden Cross reef
and its hanging wall branch, the Southern Cross, yielded payable are.
 - 206 -

v v

LEGEND
v
[YJ Younger Andeslfe

-- 'it •
~
.--------
o Older Andesite
..
--.f'l.- Unconformity
( -1 v
\ I .....-::::::::- Quartz Vein Zone
I
\ / 1':' -=-> Quartz Vein
\/ Stockwork

o ArgIllic alteration

[] Propylttrc alteration
v v

.- J..
v v v

v v v v v
'i

!I
v / /
V v
f-rt
I '
\ ---'f~-
V / --:. EMPIRE VEIN ZONf V V
/' / approx 200 m below
/ surface

V v V V

,/ .

/
v V V V V
/

V V
I 5000
-'~-f V t
N

-f-- J iOO 200

I I
V V GOLDEN CROSS PROSPECT
j -
- .1-~~
~
~
~
. -,1-
GEOLOGY
~ SHOWING LOCATION OF
-1-__ MAIN QUARTZ VEIN ZONES
----.
f--

---
FIGURE '2
 - 207 -

The veins consist of cellular or platy quartz, finely crystalline massive

quartz and grey to blue banded quartz. The vein zone was generally oxidized
near surface with oxidation ~ported as deep as 150 metres locally. The gold
occurred as electrum and was rarely visible to the naked eye. The ore zone
was generally enclosed by calcite or quartz-calcite veins but at depth the
mineralized vein pinched out in fractured or sheeted rock with little calcite
or quartz. A featu~ of the Golden Cross vein was the presence of caves (one
60 met~s long and up to 15 met~s wide) formed by dissolution of calcite.

In 1903 and .1904 with the ore pinching out at depth the Waitekauri Goldmining
Company (Limited) tested the area below the 210 metre level with four diamond
drill holes. Three holes were drilled from cross-cuts on the 210 metre
level. The fourth hole was drilled from t~e surface and reached a depth of
336 metres. Cross-cuts from drives along strike to the north also failed to
locate additional ore although one crosscut came within 40 metres of the
Empire Vein Zone.

The Waitekauri Goldmining Company (Limited) abandoned the claim in 1904. The
New Golden Cross Goldmining Company worked a few low-grade blocks from 1906
to 1917 and the ground was abandoned again in 1920. Total production from
the Golden Cross Mine was 386,331 ounces of bullion from 157,674 tons of
ore. The average grade calculated from bullion value is approximately 16
g/tonne gold and 60 g/tonne silver.

Several adits driven on the stockwork vein zone about 500 metres north of the
Golden Cross Mine failed to locate economic mineralization.

About 1000 metres north of the Golden Cross Mine on the saddle between the
Waitekauri and Maratoto catchments the northerly striking Hippo vein zone was
opened up on three levels by the Waitekauri Extended Gold-Mining Company.
Al though good grades were reported from this vein, ortly 6000 ton of ore was
extracted and the claim was abandoned in 1904.

The ground between that of the Waitekauri Goldmining Company and the
Waitekauri Extended Goldmining Company was held by the Waitekauri Cross
 - 208 -

Goldmining Company who drove an adit
attempt to intersect the Golden Cross
Taranaki Vein (the southern part of the
driven for 335 metnes it was stopped well
Cross Vein.
from the Waitekauri Stream east in an
Vein. This adit intersected the
Hippo Vein) and although the adit was
short of the line of the Golden

EXPLORATION BY CYPRUS t

Regional Exploration

Cyprus established an office in New Zealand in late 1976. Although some work
was carried out on molybdenum prospects in Northwest Nelson, most of the
company·s early work concentrated on the Coromandel Peninsula. Thene was
very little exploration activity in New Zealand at that time and Cyprus was
thenefore able to obtain Exploration Licences over most of the Coromandel at
different times during 1977 and 1978. The exploration philosophy was to fly
an aeromagnetic survey over each licence with rapid ground follow-up of all
significant anomalies. Prospecting Licence applications wene lodged to cover
the most prospective ground before the Exploration Licence expired.

Exploration Licences 33050 and 33051 each of 500 square kilometres were
applied for on 30th March 1977 to allow exploration of the southern part of
the Coromandel Peninsula from Tairua south to Te Aroha (see Figure 1). The
licences were granted for one year on 15th December 1977.

The airborne magnetic survey was flown in February 1978 by Geoex Pty Ltd
using a Bell 206B helicopter. The survey was -flown on east-west lines 500
metres apart with a nominal terrain clearance of 150 metnes. Residu~l total
forcep1agneti c data was plotted by computer and manually contoured. The
contour maps were studied in detail and divided into areas on the basis of
distinctive or unique magnetic patterns. These areas and the individual
anomalies within them wene then assessed and rated on a scale of 1 (greatest
potential) to 5 (least potential).
 - 209 -

LEGEND
- - Lines sampled
____ GQld 0-05- 03ppm

____ Gold :>0·30 ppm

1-----_____ For OeoloQlc leoend

see Fioure 2

--~

~//{ I,'
I
1

{ ( ~'

"i

\
\
(
\

1 1--

---- 1--
t
1
I: 5000
o ~. 200
l I

GOLDEN CROSS PROSPECT

GEOCHEMISTRY
GOLD IN SOIL

f---
FIGURE 4
 - 210 -

No individual anomalies were located in the vicinity of Golden Cross but the
area was given a rating of 2 because of very subdued magnetic gradients
within a larger area of moderate magnetic relief. On the basis of the
aeromagnetic data and the literature, a brief visit was made to Golden
Cross. Additional ~connaissance at Scotia and Maoriland showed that the
three prospects had sufficient potential to warrant applying for a
Prospecting Licence to cover all three areas.

"
Application for PL3l-559 covering 3710 hectares was made on 29th November
1978. The licence was granted on 15th August 1980.

Initial Prospecting

Initial work at Golden Cross was concentrated on the relatively narrow zone
encompassing the Golden Cross - Taranaki - Hippo workings. Geologic mapping
at 1:1000 scale showed that the known veins were enveloped by a broad zone of
argillic alteration with local silicification. Chip samples were collected
from all available exposure, generally along creek beds, in road cuts or in
the accessible parts of the old workings. Chip sampling along cross-cuts and
the backs of drives in the Taranaki workings outlined an area about 15 metres
wide and 140 metres 10ns with gold values in the range 1.0 to 3.0 g/tonne
gold and '5 to 30 g/tonne silver. South of the Taranaki workings a 40 metre
long adit (Snail Adit) yielded samples averaging 1.1 g/tonne gold while
samples from a roadcut 100 metres further south averaged 1.3 g/tonne over 25
met re s.

About 500 soil samples were collected by hand auger from depths ranging from
0.5 to 2.0 met~s. The samples were analysed for gold and silver.
Gold-in-soil values ranged up to 5.7ppm where any gold analysis over the
0.05ppm detection limit is considered anomalous. Figure 4 shows that gold, is
genera-lly anomalous in soils over the stockwork mineralisation but is less
reliable as an indicator of mineralisation in the more massive veins. Silver
geochemistry in soils reflects that of gold.

Approximately 640 shallow soil samples were collected at 50 metre intervals

along lines 100 metres apart. The samples were analysed from mercury by the
JIL gold film technique after drying at room temperature for approximately
- 211 -

LEGEND

- - - Lln,es sampled

....-_~ Anomalous Mercury

For oeologic legend

+-~ __ ~ see Figure 2

--f-
t
1
I: 5000
o, 100
,
200
I

GOLDEN CROSS PROSPECT

--f
GEOCHEMISTRY
MERCURY IN SOIL
FIGURE 5
 - 212 -

two weeks. Mercury geochemistry of soils is shown on Figure 5. Mercury

tends to reflect the more strongly quartz veined zones better than gold, but
most of the mercury anomalies are not directly correlatable to precious metal
mineral ization.

A direct current resistivity survey was carried out using gradient array with
300 'metre current electrode spacings and 10 metre potential electrode
spacings. Results ,are shown on Figure 6. Very high resistivities (up to 340
ohm metres) occur in a narrow well defined zone in the vicinity of the
Taranaki-Hippo vein, but the resistivity anomaly is coincident with the vein
only over the Taranaki section. The resistivity profile over the Empire
Stockwork Zone is broader and less intense than that over the Taranaki vein.
Subsequent drilling, however, showed that the broad zone of moderate
resistivity over the stockwork zone was more closely related to
silicification and veining than the narrow zone of high resistivity in the
vicinity of the Taranaki-Hippo Vein.

Early Diamond Drill ing

The Company applied for a water right for diam~nd drilling at Golden Cross in
March 1981 but because of delays in granting the right, drilling did not
start at the prospect until 24th November 1981. Additional rigs arrived on
the 1st December and the 17th December in an attempt to drill the six
relatively shallow holes which had been budgeted for before the end of the
year. The first five holes were designed to test the Taranaki-Hippo vein at
about 30 metres below surface with the sixth planned to test the stockwork
type mineralization south of the Taranaki vein. Results from the five holes
into the Taranaki-Hippo zone were very disappointing but DOH 5, collared on
17th December and completed in January 1982, intersected 31 metres grading
4.9 g/tonne Au and 16 g/tonne Ag. Although it was assumed at the time that
this mineralization was the southern continuation of the sub-vertical
Taranaki-Hippo zone, subsequent drilling during the first half of 1982
indicated that the mineralization dipped gently to the east. Figure 7 shows
the location of some drillholes selected to show the general pattern of
d ri 11 i ng.
 - 213 -

LEGEND
- - Lines sampled
_ ResistIvity > 100 Am

Gradient array
C1 C2 =300m
P,P2 =10m
For OeoloOIC leoe nd
see Fioure 2

f-

1
/I
_.~

I!
I(
1/

t
1
I: 5000
o 100 200
\ I !

GOLDEN CROSS PROSPECT

) I.R - RESISTIVITY
/
~ FIGURE 6
 - 214 -

Reverse Circulation Drilling

In March 1982 two holes were drilled with a Simco reverse circulation rig to
t~st the suitability of this drilling technique. One hole, drilled three
met~s from a vertical hole co~d in PO showed that in the top half of the
hole gold grades in cuttings were about 30% higher than those, in drill core
at the same depth. In the lower half of the hole there was no apparent
relationship between gold
p
in cuttings and gold in core at the same depth. In
late 1982 the company drilled 37 reverse circulation drillholes to depths
ranging from 32.5 to 65.3 metres.

Verti cal Core 0ri 11 i ng

Although the Reverse Circulation drilling dld not add much in the way of ore
reserves, it did confirm that the mineralization in the Empire Zone dipped
gently to the east. Consequently, when drilling resumed with DOH 17 in late
1982, all holes in the Empire Zone were drilled vertically. The holes were
drilled at 50 metre intervals on lines 100 metres apart to follow the
stockwork mineralization as it dipped to the east under increasingly deep
cove r.

Due to budget restrictions, most drillholes were terminated as soon as they

had passed through the stockwork zone. DOH 27 intersected stockwork quartz
veining from about 110 metres to 160 metres. Weak sporadic quartz veining
continued for the next 50 metres and the hole was nearly stopped on at least
three occasions. At 210 metres quartz velnlng intensity increased
dramatically and the hole was eventually stopped at 369 metres. The interval
from 210 to 338 metres averaged 6.9 g/tonne gold and 24 g/tonnesilver.
Subsequent drilling showed that the zone is sub-vertical where intersected by
DOH 27, but the intersection did show the presence of a high grade vein zone
below the stockwork. Subsequent drilling also showed that DOH 18 bottomed
within 10 metres of high grade mineralization.

Deeper Angle Drilling

Vertical drilling continued during the rest of 1983 but in early 1984 the
Company decided to test the deeper vein zone with angle drill holes. The
 - 215 -

LEGEND
27 Vertical drill hoi. ,
• location and number
AnOI. drillhole location
43- and number arrow
--- shows direction

For ge~oglc legend

see figure 2

26
•

20
•
39

I
/ 1-- • • 34 +-
--f-~
30
•
-f--. __
32
• 37
•
t
31
•
-~
~

--------f- 1
 - 216 -

first two angle holes into the high grade zone were drilled on line 4850
North (see Figure 3). Subsequent holes we~ located to intersect the zone at
vertical interval s of approximately 50 met~s on 1ines 50 met~s apart.

The steeply dipping zone of silicification, quartz veining and b~cciation

was traced 700 met~s north of line 4850 North but economically significant
mineral ization does not extend north of 5100 North. To the s'outh the broad
~ -,

zone of veining and brecciation is contiguous with the Golden Cross Vein but
economically signific8nt mineralization is offset about 70 met~s west of the
Golden Cross vein.

Additional Geophysics

In early 1984 the company carried out an I.P.-Resistivity survey over the
Prospect and to the east and southwest of Golden Cross. The survey cove ned
approximately four squane kilometres with over 30 1ine kilometres of
dipole-dipole array surveying on lines either 100 met~s or 200 metres
apart. The pseudo-section for line 4850 North (Figu~ 9) shows appa~nt
resistivity and chargeability highs more or less coincident with the Empire
stockwork zone. Similar apparent resistivity and chargeability responses
were obtained on lines 4950 and 5050 North. Without geological control it is
doubtful if this anomaly would have rated as highly as some of the much
broader and much stronger resistivity anomalies outlined by the survey.
Three resistivity anomalies near Golden Cross were tested by diamond drilling
without encountering significant precious metal mineral ization. Other
resistivity anomalies between Komata and Golden Cross were also drilled with
similar results.

A ground magneti c su rvey was ca rri ed out over the same a rea as the
dipole-dipole I.P. survey. Readings were taken every 25 metres with a proton
precession magnetometer. The total force magnetic contours (Figure 8) show a
weak elongate low over the argillically altered hanging wall of the stockwork
zone. The total field ground magnetic profile shown in Figure 9 is not quite
so convincing however.
 - 217 -

/'
/
/
/ No magnefic
LEGEND
/ dam
Toto I force magnetic
contours
o Contour interval =1001
Bose = 54 850 't

/ C
",,--
" Residual gravity
contours (mgal)

I For oeoiooic legend

see Fiour. 2

1:5000
o 100 200
1 I I

GOLDEN CROSS PROSPECT

MAGNETICS a GRAVITY
FIGURE 8
 - 218 -

A gravity survey carried out by de Ronde (1985) on a north-south line across

the prospect located a 2.5 kilometre wide gravity low centred over the Empire
Zone. A subsequent east-west gravity traverse showed the gravity low
extended at least 1000 metres east of the outcrop of the Empire Stockwork
Zone. The contoured residual gravity determined by both surveys is shown on
Figure 8 and the observed residual gravity profile along line, 4850 North is
plotted on Figure 9.

In-fill Drilling

Most of the drilling at Golden Cross over the last year has been concentrated
in the near-surface stockwork zone with in-fill drilling at 25 metre centres
on 25 metre lines to substantiate open-pittable reserves.

CONCLUSIONS

The stockwork mineralization at Golden Cross was located and prospected at

the turn of the century. It is probable that the mineralization did not crop
out naturally and was therefore located by panning and float examination. It
is probable also that the same technique would still work today had not
artificial exposure of bedrock been available. In the absence of outcropping
mineralization, gold and silver soil geochemistry would have delineated the
mineralized zone and the resistivity response would have provided support to
justify, if not drilling, at least trenching.

In the presence of a reasonable amount of exposure, however, bedrock gold

geochemistry would have been the cheapest and most direct indication of the
stockwork mineralization.

None of the surface techniques used at Golden Cross located the Empire Vein
Zone and it is difficult to imagine any surface technique that could have
located this zone. A few deep angled drill holes to test the strike
extensions to the Golden Cross Vein may have been justified. A few deep
angled drill holes to test for a feeder zone below the stockwork would have
been justified if it had not already been intersected by DOH 27.

A lot of drilling and a little bit of luck appear to be the only

semi-reliable techniques for finding deeper epithermal gold deposits.
 - 219 -

3000

v
1400 RL
v V

1200 RL

GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION

::~. ~) 'o~' 0'\ .~ ·

n-3~' •• ~~~.
:~:?~\:\. ~.
. .

l' °0
J. \ ~0J~
: ~ .\S.~.
APPARENT RESISTIVITY (Am)

n-I •

n-2

('1-3 •

n·4

n-5 .

n-6

o ----------------------- -----7~/
-~ . ~
..-- ~ ~~
-2 - ~ //

~.~\V'/
-4 -------------------=---.:..--------------
OBSERVED RESIDUAL GRAVITY (m gal)

550001- ~--------Pt---~~-~~~-----____;?'~r_;:~
'v

540001----------------------~_:_t_-___::__--

TOTAL ,FIELD GROUND MAGNETIC PROFILE

I
FIGURE 9
GOLDEN CROSS PROSPECT

COMPOSITE SECTION
ON LINE 4850 N
SCALE I: 10000
 - 220 -

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Permission to present this paper was kindly given by Cyprus Minerals New
Zealand Limited and Wesley Minerals Limited. Many Cyprus staff and
consultants have contributed to our knowledge of the prospect, but those
deserving special mention are: P.G. Couper, A. Francis, N~J. Hazard, P.C.
Keal, M.R. McConnochie, L.K. Tork1er and S. Rabone.

REFERENCES

Bell, J.M., Fraser, C., 1912: The Geology of the Waihi-Tairua Subdivision
N. Z. Geo1. Su rv. Bu1. 15.

de Ronde, Cornel E.J., 1985: Studies on a Fossil Hydnothermal System at Golden

Cross, Waihi, New Zealand. Unpublished MSc Thesis, Auckland University.

Downey, J.F., 1935: Gold-mines of the Hauraki District, New Zealand. Govt
. Printer, Wellington.