TOURISM

UNIT 1 THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM

1 Ambitious determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc khát vọng

/æmˈbɪʃəs/
2. Bonfire a large outdoor fire, either for burning waste or for a party đốt lửa
/ˈbɒnfaɪə $
ˈbɑːnfaɪr/ noun
[countable]
3 Carnival a public event at which people play music, wear special clothes, and
/ˈkɑːnəvəl / dance in the streets

4 Charter the practice of paying money to a company to use their boats, cho thuê
/ˈtʃɑːtə/ aircraft etc, or the boat, aircraft etc used in this way
EX: boats available for charter
a charter service

5 Chronological arranged according to when things happened or were made theo thứ tự
/ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/
6 Civilization a society that is well organized and developed, used especially văn minh
/ˌsɪvəl-aɪˈzeɪʃən/ about a particular society in a particular place or at a particular
time
Collocations:
western civilization / ancient civilization/ modern civilization
7 Disposable intended to be used once or for a short time and then thrown away sử dụng một lần 一次性使用
/dɪˈspəʊzəbəl/
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8 in-flight provided during a plane journey
in-flight entertainment

9 itinerary a plan or list of the places you will visit on a journey 行程

/aɪˈtɪnərəri/
10 long haul flight a long-haul flight etc is over a very long distance 長途的
[hɔːl]

11 package holiday a holiday organized by a company at a fixed price that includes the 全包旅游
cost of travel, hotel

12 panoramic view a panoramic view of the valley toàn cảnh

/ˌpænəˈræmɪk/
pilgrim a person who makes a journey, often a long and difficult one, người hành hương
to a special place for religious reasons
/ˈpɪl.ɡrɪm/

pilgrimage a special journey made by a pilgrim cuộc hành hương

/ˈpɪl.ɡrɪ.mɪdʒ/ Muslims try to make a pilgrimage/go on a pilgrimage to Mecca at
least once in their life.

13 pioneer someone who is important in the early development of something, 先鋒，開拓者

and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people
pioneer of
John Whitney was a pioneer of computer animation.

14 procession a line of people or vehicles moving slowly as part of a ceremony → 游行

/prəˈseʃən/ parade
funeral/wedding/carnival etc procession

15 pyramids
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 /ˈpɪrəmɪd/
16 room service a service provided by a hotel, by which food and drinks can be
sent to a guest’s room
17 self-catering relating to a holiday in which you stay in a place where you can cook
your own food
self-catering accommodation/apartment/cottage etc

18 terminal building a big building where people wait to get onto planes, buses, or nhà ga
ships, or where goods are loaded
19 torch a small electric lamp that you carry in your hand đèn pin
/tɔːtʃ/

20 tour rep holiday rep : short for holiday representative: someone who works for 度假公司派出照料度假者的)度假代理
a travel company giving help and advice to people who are on holiday
in a particular place

21 pilgrimage 朝圣之旅;参拜之行;瞻仰之旅

[ˈpɪlɡrɪmɪdʒ]

UNIT 2
THE ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF TOURISM

air traffic controller a person who manages aircraft from the ground as they take
off, fly, and land

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 an air traffic controllers' strike

She likes aviation (hàng không) but didn't want to fly, so she
became an air traffic controller.

1 baggage handler a person who takes passengers' bags and cases and puts them onto người chuyển hành lý
/ˈbæɡ.ɪdʒ ˌhænd.lər/ or removes them from an aircraft

2. bellboy a person in a hotel employed to carry suitcases, open doors, etc. for
/ˈbel.bɔɪ/ guests

3 caravan site an area of ground where caravans can be parked, especially by 旅行拖车，宿营拖车site
/ˈkær.ə.væn ˌsaɪt/ people spending their holidays in them

4 chalet a small house, especially in a holiday camp

/ˈʃæleɪ

5 concierge - a person who is employed to take care of an apartment người giữ cửa
/ˌkɒn.siˈeəʒ/ building, especially in France
- a person working in a hotel, etc. whose job is to help guests,
for example by giving them information about restaurants, local
places to see, etc.
Our concierges are experts on the area's restaurants and can
recommend the perfect place to fit your tastes.

Our company offers concierge services for both individual and

corporate customers.

6 continental a simple morning meal consisting of fruit juice, coffee, and bread with

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 breakfast butter and jam
/ˌkɒn.tɪ.nen.təl
ˈbrek.fəst/

7 curator a person in charge of a museum, library, etc. Quản lý

/kjʊəˈreɪ.tər/

8 facilities the buildings, equipment, and services provided for a particular

purpose:
shopping facilities
medical facilities
sports facilities

9 guard - a person or group of people whose job is to protect a person,

place, or thing from danger or attack, or to prevent a person
such as a criminal from escaping
- a railway official who travels on and is responsible for a train =
conductor

10 level off If a rate or amount levels off, it stops rising or falling and stays at the
same level

11 motel hotel for people travelling by car, usually with spaces for cars next to
each room

12 porter a person whose job is to carry things, especially travellers' bags at

railway stations, airports, hotels

13 purser an officer on a ship who deals with the ship's accounts, or a person quản lý trên tàu thuỷ /máy bay
on a passenger ship or aircraft who is responsible for taking care of
passengers

14 return ticket a ticket for travel to a place and back again Vé khứ hồi
/rɪˈtɜːn ˌtɪk.ɪt/

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15 stately home a large, old house that usually has beautiful furniture, decorations,
/ˌsteɪt.li ˈhəʊm/ and gardens

16 supplement something that is added to something else in order to improve it or

/ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/ complete it; something extra

17 warden a person who is in charge of (the people in) a particular building Người giám sát
/ˈwɔː.dən/ She's the warden of a home for mentally handicapped people.

UNIT 3 TRAVEL AGENT

1 Adventure (holiday) 冒险旅游

2. Air miles a system in which people collect points when they buy things
/ˈeəmaɪlz / from certain companies. These points can be exchanged for
free or cheaper flights.
3 bazaar -a market or area where there are a lot of small shops,
/bəˈzɑː / especially in India or the Middle East
- an occasion when a lot of people sell different things to collect
money for a good purpose
a church bazaar
4 booking reference the airline’s internal identifier for your flight booking within their 订位代号
[ˈbʊkɪŋ ˈrefrəns] computer system 预定凭证

5 corporate travel 商务旅行;企业旅游;旅游;社团旅

[ˈkɔːpərət ˈtrævl] 游;旅游公司

6 embassy a group of officials who represent their government in a foreign

/ˈembəsi// country, or the building they work in → ambassador
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7 en suite facilities A hotel room or bedroom with en-suite facilities includes its own
bathroom with at least a toilet and hand basin, and probably a
shower or bath.
8 extension another room or rooms which are added to a building
extension to
the planned extension to the National Museum
a loft extension

9 farmstay
10 ferry
11 fly drive fly-drive package/holiday an arrangement for which you pay a
fixed price that includes your flight, a car to drive and places to
stay
12 foyer a room or hall at the entrance to a public building SYN lobby
/ˈfɔɪeɪ/ a small room or hall at the entrance to a house or apartment

13 frequent flyer someone who flies with a particular airline a lot, and is often khách hàng thân thiết
offered special advantages such as free flights or a better seat
14 full board a hotel offering full board provides guests with all their meals →
half board
A two-night break costs £125 full board.

15 half board the price of a room in a hotel that includes breakfast and dinner
half board accommodation

16 leg room space for your legs in front of the seats in a car, theatre etc
There wasn’t enough leg room.

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17 limousine a very large, expensive, and comfortable car, driven by
/ˈlɪməziːn/ someone who is paid to drive a small bus that people take to
and from airports in the US
18 modem a piece of electronic equipment that allows information from
/ˈməʊdəm/ one computer to be sent along telephone wires to another
computer
19 pony trekking the activity of riding through the countryside on ponies
20 recline seat if you recline a seat, or if it reclines, you lower the back of the
seat so that you can lean back in it
21 safari a trip to see or hunt wild animals, especially in Africa
/səˈfɑːri/ on safari
They went on safari in Kenya.
22 suite a set of rooms, especially expensive ones in a hotel
a honeymoon suite
a suite of rooms for palace guests
23 sunbathing to sit or lie outside in the sun, especially in order to become
/ˈsʌnbeɪð/ brown
Her mother was sunbathing in the back garden.
► There is no noun ‘sunbath’: Let’s go and sunbathe/do some
sunbathing (NOT have a sunbath).
24 switchboard a system used to connect telephone calls in an office building,
/ˈswɪtʃbɔːd/ hotel etc, or the people who operate the system
switchboard operators
Hundreds of callers jammed the switchboard trying to win the
tickets (=there were too many calls for the switchboard to deal
with).
25 twin room a room that contains two single beds

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26 unexpired an unexpired agreement or period of time has not yet come to
an end
He has a contract with the company with an unexpired period of
two years.

27 venue a place where an organized meeting, concert etc takes place

sporting/conference/concert etc venue
The first thing to do is book a venue.
The band will play (=perform at) as many venues as possible.
venue for
the venue for the latest round of talks
28 white water a part of a river that looks white because the water is running
very quickly over rocks
whitewater canoeing
29 rafting the activity of travelling on a raft, especially as a sport
white-water rafting

UNIT 4

TOUR OPERATION

1 agenda a list of problems or subjects that a government, organization etc is

planning to deal with
COLLOCATION:
have an agenda
Brown has an agenda for the university’s future.

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 set an agenda (=decide on the problems you want to deal with)
The new government set an agenda for constitutional reform.
put something on the agenda
This incident has put the issue of racism firmly back on the agenda.
agree an agenda
The meeting ended in chaos as representatives were unable to agree on
an agenda.
establish/create/provide an agenda (=begin to have an agenda)
We need to establish an agenda for future research

2. allocation the amount or share of something that has been allocated for a particular
purpose
/ˌæləˈkeɪʃən/
3 attn attn.
(attention) used to say that a letter or package is for a particular person

4 bulk purchase Bulk purchasing (or "mass buying") is the purchase of much larger
quantities than the usual, for a unit price that is lower than the usual

5 compensation money paid to someone because they have suffered injury or loss, or
because something they own has been damaged
/ˌkɒmpənˈseɪʃən/
compensation for

compensation for injuries at work

compensation from

She received compensation from the government for the damage caused to her property.
in compensation

The jury awarded Tyler $1.7 million in compensation.

as compensation

The workers were given 30 days’ pay as compensation.

People who are wrongly arrested may be paid compensation.

demand/seek/claim compensation

The parents are seeking compensation for birth defects caused by the drug.
award/grant compensation

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 The court awarded Jamieson £30,000 compensation.
by way of compensation (=in order to make a situation better)pay somebody compensation

Passengers will be paid compensation if their baggage is lost or damaged.

receive compensation

Some people have received compensation from the government for the loss of their homes.

be awarded compensation (=be given it)

Many victims have been awarded compensation by the courts.

claim compensation (=ask for it because you have a right to it)

You can claim compensation for unfair dismissal from your job.

seek compensation (=try to get it)

Survivors of the rail disaster are seeking compensation.

demand compensation (=ask for it in an angry way)

Political prisoners are demanding financial compensation.

fight for compensation (=try hard to get it)

Alan, who hurt his back and hasn't worked since, is still fighting for compensation.

offer compensation

The health authority offered compensation to the families.

ADJECTIVES

financial compensation

You may wish to claim financial compensation.

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 full compensation (=fully covering the loss, damage etc)

Full compensation is only paid very rarely.

partial compensation (=partly covering your loss, damage etc)

The woman received partial compensation of £5,000.

COMPENSATION + NOUN

a compensation claim

He was seeking legal advice on a compensation claim.

a compensation payment

UK farmers may be in line for compensation payments.

a compensation scheme (=system for providing compensation)

There is a compensation scheme for radiation-linked diseases.

6 concession something that you allow someone to have in order to end an argument or giảm giá, nhượng bộ
/kənˈseʃən/ a disagreement
nhượng quyền
make a concession

The government made some concessions in order to satisfy the rebels.

offer a concession

The King was prepared to offer some concessions to France.

win/obtain/gain/secure a concession

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 In the end, the strikers returned to work having won few concessions.

extract a concession (=make someone give you one)

7 encl enclosed or enclosure, used at the end of an official letter to show

that something is in the envelope with the letter
8 flight manifest A flight manifest is a list of passengers and crew of an aircraft
compiled before departure based on flight check-in information
9 inclusive tour our in which all specific elements – transportation, airfare, hotels,
transfers, and other costs – are offered for a flat rate
10 memo a short official note to another person in the same company or
organization
memo to/from
a memo from the managing director to all heads of department

11 rack a frame or shelf that has bars or hooks on which you can put things

12 recruit to find new people to work in a company, join an organization, do a

job
13 rooming list The list a tour operator sends to a hotel detailing the clients they are
sending for a particular arrival date.
14 scheduled flight a regular flight organized by the company that owns the aircraft
/ˈʃed.juːld ˌflaɪt/

15 testimonial a formal written statement describing someone’s character and Chứng nhận, bằng chứng
abilities

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 UNIT 5
AIR TRAVEL

1 airliner
2. airside the part of an airport nearest the aircraft, the boundary of which is the security
check, customs, passport control

3 briefing information or instructions that you get before you have to do something

4 concourse a large hall or open place in a building such as an airport or train station

5 escalator a set of moving stairs that take people to different levels in a building

6 excess baggage hành lý quá cân

7 fold away a foldaway bed, table etc can be folded up so it uses less space

8 green channel
9 Ground steward
10 obstruct o prevent someone from doing something or something from happening, by
making it difficult SYN block

11 onward journey
12 relief crew
13 stow o put or pack something tidily away in a space until you need it again

14 toggle a small piece of wood or plastic that is used as a button on coats, bags

15 tray a flat piece of plastic, metal, or wood, with raised edges, used for carrying things
such as plates, food

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16 whistle

UNIT 6
TRAVEL BY SEA AND RIVER- CRUISES AND FERRIES

1 bathrobe a robe, typically made of terry cloth, worn especially before and
after taking a bath.

2. bidet a small low bath that you sit on to wash your bottom
/ˈbiːdeɪ /

3 cabin steward the person responsible for cleaning and maintaining your
stateroom during your cruise

4 catamaran a sailing boat with two separate hulls (=the part that goes in the
/ˌkætəməˈræn/ water)

5 chest of drawers a piece of furniture with drawers, used for storing clothes

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6 cramped a cramped room, building etc does not have enough space for the
/kræmpt/ people in it

7 cushion a cloth bag filled with soft material that you put on a chair or the đệm
floor to make it more comfortable

8 deck a)the outside top level of a ship that you can walk or sit on
Let’s go up on deck.
above/below deck
Peter stayed below deck.
b) one of the different levels on a ship
main/passenger/car etc deck
a staircase leading to the passenger deck

9 dinner jacket a black or white jacket worn by men on very formal occasions,
usually with a bow tie

10 disembark to get off a ship or aircraft

/ˌdɪsəmˈbɑːk/

16
11 dressing table a piece of furniture like a table with a mirror on top, sometimes
with drawers, that you use when you are doing your hair, putting
on make-up

12 embark to go onto a ship or a plane, or to put or take something onto a

/ɪmˈbɑːk/ ship or plane
OPP disembark

13 etiquette the formal rules for polite behaviour in society or in a particular

/ˈetɪket/ group

14 evening gown a gown for evening wear

[ˈiːvnɪŋ ɡaʊn]
15 famtrip Familiarisation Trips
are educational trips organized exclusively for media partners or
travel agents and resellers, by travel businesses such as tour
operators and accommodation establishments.

16 hydrofoil a large boat with wing-shaped parts on the bottom that lift it above
/ˈhaɪdrəfɔɪl/ the surface of the water when it travels fast

17 jacuzzi a large indoor bath that makes hot water move in strong currents bồn tắm
/dʒəˈkuːzi/ around your body

18 landing craft /ferry a flat-bottomed boat that opens at one end so that soldiers and
equipment can be moved directly onto the shore

19 lounge suite old-fashioned

a suit that a man wears during the day, especially to work in an
office

20 shore the land along the edge of a large area of water such as an ocean
/ʃɔː/ or lake

17
21 stateroom a private room or place for sleeping on a ship
/ˈsteɪtrʊm, -ruːm/ one of the large rooms in a palace

22 table steward 餐桌服务员

23 tomb a stone structure above or below the ground where a dead
person is buried
the family tomb

24 trouser-press a piece of equipment that you can keep your trousers in to keep
them flat and smooth, often found in hotel rooms

25 verandah an open area with a floor and a roof that is attached to the side of
/vəˈrændə/ noun a house at ground level
[countable] SYN porch

26 wardrobe a piece of furniture like a large cupboard that you hang clothes in
/ˈwɔːdrəʊb → closet

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 UNIT 7 - Travel by road and rail

1 broken down

2 buffet
/ˈbʊf.eɪ/

3 bunk beds one of two beds attached together, one on top of the other
/bʌŋk/

4 carriage - a vehicle with four wheels that is usually pulled by horses and - xe ngựa
/ˈkær.ɪdʒ/ was used mainly in the past - toa hành
a horse-drawn carriage khách
- any of the separate parts of a train in which the passengers sit
- sự chuyên
a railway carriage chở hàng hóa

- the cost of transporting goods

You can buy a whole side of salmon for €30, including carriage.

5 compartment one of the separate areas inside a vehicle, especially a train toa xe lửa
/kəmˈpɑːt.mənt/ a first-class compartment

COLLOCATIONS
forward compartment

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 The forward compartment was used for passengers.
luggage compartment
There is usually a tailgate but no separate luggage
compartment.
passenger compartment
A notice to that effect is displayed in the passenger compartment
of all our taxis.

6 complimentary (a) If tickets, books, etc. are complimentary, they are given free, miễn phí
/ˌkɒm.plɪˈmen.tər.i/ especially by a business.
uncomplimentary As theater employees, we get complimentary tickets.
Parking is usually complimentary or included in the ticket price.

7 condensation the drops of water that appear on cold windows or other surfaces, sự hóa đặc (nước)
/ˌkɒn.denˈseɪ.ʃən/ as a result of hot air or steam becoming cool sự ngưng (hơi)
We get a lot of condensation on the walls in the winter.

8 conductor a person who is in charge on a train or other public vehicle and

/kənˈdʌk.tər/ also sells or checks tickets
= guard

9 corridor a long passage in a building or train, especially with rooms on

/ˈkɒr.ɪ.dɔːr/ either side

10 couchette a bed in a train or on a boat that can either be folded away or used
/kuːˈʃet/ as an ordinary seat during the day

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11 courteous polite and showing respect lịch sự, nhã nhặn
/ˈkɜː.ti.əs/ Although she often disagreed with me, she was always courteous.
= well-mannered

12 cramped not having enough space or time

/kræmpt/ a cramped room/house

13 crowded
/ˈkraʊ.dɪd/

14 driving licence
/ˈdraɪ.vɪŋ ˌlaɪ.səns/
US driver's license
Australian English
driver's licence

15 escort (v) - to go with a person or vehicle, especially to make certain that he, hộ tống
/ɪˈskɔːt/ she, or it leaves or arrives safely
Several little boats escorted the sailing ship into the harbour.

- to go with someone and show them a place

People on the tour will be escorted by an expert on archaeology.

16 express
/ɪkˈspres/

17 ignorant (a) - not having enough knowledge, understanding, or information

/ˈɪɡ.nər.ənt/ about something

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 = benighted, uninformed, We remained blissfully ignorant of the troubles that lay ahead.
clueless, unenlightened,
illiterate - You have to assume that incoming students have an almost total
ignorance (n) ignorance of the rules of grammar.

18 incomprehensible - impossible or extremely difficult to understand

/ɪnˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sə.bəl/ These accounts are utterly incomprehensible. Can you explain them to
incomprehensibly (adv) me?
incomprehensibility (n)
ANTONYM
comprehensible,
explicable

19 knowledgeable knowing a lot

/ˈnɒl.ɪ.dʒə.bəl/ He's very knowledgeable about German literature.
= be versed in sth

20 leisurely used to describe an action that is done in a relaxed way, without

/ˈleʒ.ə.li/ hurrying
= unhurried We took a leisurely drive along the quiet coast road.

21 luggage locker
/ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ/

22 mileage - the distance that a vehicle has travelled or the distance that it can
/ˈmaɪ.lɪdʒ/ travel using a particular amount of fuel
Smaller cars have better mileage and so cost less to run.

22
 - the amount of money that you are paid or that you must pay for
each mile you travel (mileage allowance)
The car costs £70 a day to rent, but you get unlimited mileage (= no
charge for the miles travelled).

23 model
/ˈmɒd.əl/

24 out of date

25 platform a long, flat raised structure at a railway station, where people get
/ˈplæt.fɔːm/ on and off trains
The next train for Aberdeen will depart from platform 9.

COLLOCATIONS
observation platform
At a height of 190 m there is an observation platform as well as
a small rock and roll museum housing various memorabilia.
railway platform
The constables came down the back way and got on to the
railway platform.
subway platform
The video continues to show the pair spending time together,
including dining in restaurants, riding the subway, and dancing

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 on the subway platform.

26 refreshments (small amounts of) food and drink

/rɪˈfreʃ.mənt/ Light refreshments will be available at the back of the hall.

27 reliable
/rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/
unreliable
reliability
reliably

28 replacement - a medical operation in which a part of the body, especially a hip

/rɪˈpleɪs.mənt/ or knee, is replaced with an artificial one
A lot of ex-athletes need knee or hip replacements.
After ankle replacement surgery, the pain was gone.

replacement surgery

29 restaurant car a railway carriage in which passengers are served meals

dining car

30 rusty - covered with rust (= metal decay)

/ˈrʌs.ti/ My old bicycle was so rusty that the gears had frozen.
The track remains in position but rusty with disuse.

- If a skill you had is rusty, it is not as good as it was because you

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 have not practised it (NEEDING PRACTICE)
My Italian is a bit rusty these days.

31 sleeper carriage in a train with beds for passengers to sleep in, or one of toa xe có giường
/ˈsliː.pər/ the beds in this carriage, or the type of train that has these ngủ
carriages
I'm travelling overnight so I've reserved a sleeper.

32 spacious
/ˈspeɪ.ʃəs/

33 steamed up angry, especially about something that other people do not think
is important
She got all steamed up about the books being left on the tables.

34 track
/træk/
= path

35 transcontinental crossing a continent xuyên lục địa

/ˌtrænˌskɒn.tɪˈnen.təl/ The transcontinental railway goes from New York to San Francisco.

a transcontinental flight/ railroad/ pipeline

36 tunnel
/ˈtʌn.əl/

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37 uncooperative not willing to work with or be helpful to other people
/ˌʌn.kəʊˈɒp.ər.ə.tɪv/ I thought he was rude and uncooperative.
uncooperatively
uncooperativeness
= disobliging
ANTONYMS
cooperative
obliging

38 unhurried not doing something too quickly; slow

/ʌnˈhʌr.id/ a pleasant and unhurried pace of life
= leisurely

39 unspoilt An unspoiled place is beautiful because it has not been changed

/ʌnˈspɔɪld/ /ʌnˈspɔɪlt/ or damaged by people
unspoiled an island with clean, unspoiled beaches

40 wagon-lit a sleeping car toa nằm

/ˌvæɡ.ɒnˈliː/
= sleeper
= sleeping car

UNIT 8 - Tickets, reservations and insurance

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1 all-inclusive including everything
/ˌɔːl.ɪnˈkluː.sɪv/ a seven-night all-inclusive package
an all-inclusive vacation package

all-inclusive cost/deal/price The rental is an all-inclusive price including

heating, electricity, water, etc.
all-inclusive holiday/package/resort

2 break down have mechanical failure

3 budget (a) very cheap

/ˈbʌdʒ.ɪt/ a budget holiday/hotel/price
Budget airlines have forced major airlines to lower some of their prices.
They offer everything from luxury hotels to budget accommodation.
- budget travel/ flights
- a budget airline/carrier

4 calculation
/ˌkæl.kjəˈleɪ.ʃən/

5 call off cancel, suspend

6 cheque

7 claim To ask for something

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 /kleɪm/ = request, demand, ask for, call for, beg for

8 Club class

9 contaminated poisonous or not pure

/kənˈtæm.ɪ.neɪ.tɪd/ The infection was probably caused by swimming in contaminated
water/water contaminated with sewage.
The virus can be transmitted by food containing contaminated meat.

10 credit card accept/take credit cards

Online merchants rely on electronic payments, and it would hurt their
businesses if they did not accept credit cards.

pay with a/by credit card

We do not take cheques, but you can pay by cash, credit card, or debit
card.

11 currency domestic/foreign/local currency

/ˈkʌr.ən.si/ The deal will be done in the local currency.

12 curtailment the action of reducing or limiting something, or of stopping

/kəˈteɪl.mənt/ something before it is finished
= limit, restraint, The policy included insurance against cancellation or curtailment of the
constraint, curb holiday.

13 cut short cut something short: to stop something suddenly before it is

= curtail completed

28
 We cut short our vacation when we learned of my mother’s illness.

14 deposit
/dɪˈpɒz.ɪt/

15 deserted (a) If a place is deserted, there are no people in it

/dɪˈzɜː.tɪd/ a deserted building/street
= empty, blank, desolate The coastal resorts are deserted in winter.
We parked in a deserted lot near the river.

16 elevator
/ˈel.ɪ.veɪ.tər/

17 evacuate - to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe

/ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/ A thousand people were evacuated from their homes following the
floods.
evacuation (n) Fire broke out and all staff were evacuated from the building.

- Evacuate means to remove something, esp. a gas or liquid, from

a container
products that stimulate the bowel to evacuate its contents

18 floodlit (a) lit by floodlights

/ˈflʌd.lɪt/ a floodlit stadium
The couple was standing in a floodlit aisle.

29
 *Note: FLOODLIGHT - a large, powerful electric light used for
lighting outside areas, such as sports fields or buildings, in the
dark
This evening's match will be played under floodlights.

19 food poisoning
/ˈfuːd ˌpɔɪ.zən.ɪŋ/

20 full payment

21 go off - make a sudden loud noise

- STOP WORKING
The match had to be abandoned when the floodlights went off.
- EXPLODE
The bomb went off at midday.
His gun went off accidentally.
- FOOD - If food or drink goes off, it is not good to eat or drink any
more because it is too old
This bacon smells a bit funny - do you think it's gone off?

30
 - NOISE
Didn't you hear your alarm clock going off this morning?
- LEAVE
She's gone off on holiday with Tony.
- HAPPEN
The protest march went off peacefully.
- BECOME WORSE
That paper's really gone off since they got that new editor.

22 hazard (n,v) - something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage

/ˈhæz.əd/ a health/fire hazard
hazardous (a) an environmental/health/fire hazard
The busy traffic entrance was a hazard to pedestrians.

- to risk doing something that might cause harm to someone or

something else
The policy hazarded the islands and put the lives of the inhabitants at risk.

- a hazardous road

23 hold up - delay

- to continue to operate or be able to do things, esp. after being

repaired or being ill
I hope the spare tire holds up until we can get to a garage.
She is holding up well despite her problems.

31
 - to stay strong or well
The real estate market held up despite a lack of consumer confidence.

- a delay that prevents something from happening

hold-up in sth Work is yet to start because of hold-ups in obtaining
planning permission.

24 honeymoon
/ˈhʌn.i.muːn/

25 key card a small, plastic electronic card that is used instead of a key to
/ˈkiː.kɑːd/ open a door

26 liability - RESPONSIBILITY
/ˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/
He denies any liability for the damage caused.

- RISK - something or someone that causes you a lot of trouble,

often when that thing or person should be helping you
After a certain age, a car's just a liability.
Sue always manages to upset somebody when we go out - she's a real
liability.

27 lobby a large, open space just inside the main entrance of a public
/ˈlɒb.i/ building such as a hotel, office building, or theater
As you enter the lobby, you’ll see the elevators on your right.

28 meal plan
32
29 mislaid to lose something temporarily by forgetting where you have put it
mislay Could I borrow a pen? I seem to have mislaid mine.

30 money off used to describe an agreement between a business and customer

in which the customer can buy something for less than the usual
price
Passengers get money-off deals on future cruises.
money-off coupons/vouchers

31 outgoing flight

32 quote the price that a person or company says they will charge to do a
/kwəʊt/ piece of work
The architect has quoted £90,000 to build a patio.
I asked several companies to give me a quote for the building work.

- quote sb sth A law firm in Washington D.C. quoted me a fee of $25,000

to get the paperwork done.
- quote for sth Some insurers will even decline to quote for new business
if the home is in a risky area.
- If you already have a UK medical policy, ask for a quote for offshore
cover.

33 receipt

33
 /rɪˈsiːt/

34 snorkelling
/ˈsnɔː.kəl.ɪŋ/

35 special offer - a product or service that is sold at a lower than usual price in
/ˌspeʃ.əl ˈɒf.ər/ order encourage people to buy or use it, or the act of offering
goods and services in this way
I took a trip round the supermarket to see what was on special offer.
You can still take advantage of the special offer of $355 for return flights.
The special offer includes an extra night's stay at the hotel for corporate
customers.

36 sun terrace
/ˈter.əs/

37 supplement something that is added to something else in order to improve it

/ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/ or complete it; something extra
We paid a supplement (= an extra amount of money) so that we could
have a cabin on board the ship.
- a supplement of sth We paid a supplement of €40 for a room with a
balcony.

38 turn up - appear

- something that happens in an unexpected way or in a way

that was not planned

34
39 wallet
/ˈwɒl.ɪt/

40 watersports

41 write off - completely destroy (especially a car)

- WASTED TIME - a period of time during which you fail to achieve

anything
Yesterday was a complete write-off as far as work is concerned.

- VEHICLE - a vehicle that is too damaged to be worth repairing

She wasn't hurt, but the car's a complete write-off.

- FINANCE, ACCOUNTING - an amount of money that has been lost,

for example, from a bad investment or a debt that will never be
paid, shown as a loss in a company's accounts
asset/bad-debt/goodwill write-offs The credit card company projected
that bad-debt write-offs would be $4.9 billion.
charitable/tax write-offs

UNIT 9 - Tourist information

35
1 amusement park
/əˈmjuːz.mənt ˌpɑːk/
a theme park

2 antique (n,a) something made in an earlier period that is collected and

/ænˈtiːk/ considered to have value because it is beautiful, rare, old, or of
high quality
You can't give away Granny's old bookcase - it's a valuable antique.
antique shops/markets/fairs/auctions

- an antique dealer/show

3 apartment an apartment block/building/complex

/əˈpɑːt.mənt/ a one-bedroom/two-bedroom apartment
furnished apartment
high-rise apartment
penthouse apartment

4 aquarium
plural aquariums or
aquaria

5 big wheel a large, vertical wheel in an amusement park with seats that stay
Ferris wheel horizontal as the wheel turns round

36
6 botanical gardens a garden, usually open to the public, where a wide range of plants
botanic garden are grown for scientific and educational purposes
/bəˌtæn.ɪk ˈɡɑː.dən/

7 breathtaking (a) extremely exciting, beautiful, or surprising

/ˈbreθˌteɪ.kɪŋ/ The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.
breathtakingly (adv) His performance is described in the paper as "a breathtaking display of
physical agility".

breathtakingly beautiful scenery

8 budget hotel A hotel that provides minimum amenities and services for a lower price than a khách sạn bình dân
regular hotel in the area. This type of hotel provides clean rooms that are safe
and meet the basic needs of a guest. Extra amenities may be available, but for
an extra cost.

9 canal a long, thin stretch of water that is artificially made either for boats
/kəˈnæl/ to travel along or for taking water from one area to another

37
 The Panama Canal provides a crucial shipping link between the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans.

10 cathedral a very large, usually stone, building for Christian worship. It is the
/kəˈθiː.drəl/ largest and most important church of a diocese
The old city around the cathedral is the most colourful part of town.
A guide conducts tours of the cathedral every afternoon at 2.00.
The new cathedral was completed and consecrated in 1962.
In the cathedral vaults the air was dank and stale.

11 chilling - frightening
/ˈtʃɪl.ɪŋ/ a chilling tale
chillingly (adv) The monument stands as a chilling reminder of man's inhumanity to man.

12 city centre

38
13 downtown (a, adv, in or to the central part of a city
n) downtown Los Angeles
I work downtown, but I live in the suburbs.
/ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/ We bought a tourist guide to downtown Seattle before we left.
The hotel is situated two miles north of downtown.
The bustling downtowns are surrounded by upscale shopping centers
and malls.

14 enchanting (a) very pleasant or charming

/ɪnˈtʃɑːn.tɪŋ/ It's described in the guide book as "an enchanting medieval city".
bewitching Belgium is an enchanting country.
enthralling
fascinating

15 exhibition The photographs will be on exhibition until the end of the month.
/ˌek.sɪˈbɪʃ.ən/ There's a new exhibition of sculpture on at the city gallery.
- an exhibition of ethically designed products
- art/fashion/trade exhibitions
- a touring/travelling exhibition
- a permanent/temporary exhibition

16 fabulous - very good; excellent

/ˈfæb.jə.ləs/ - imaginary, not existing in real life

17 flea market a market, usually taking place outside, where old or used goods
/ˈfliː ˌmɑː.kɪt/ are sold cheaply

39
18 found - BEGIN - to bring something into existence
She donated money to help found a wildlife refuge.

19 fully-equipped

20 gallery a contemporary art gallery

/ˈɡæl.ər.i/ The curator guided us round the gallery, pointing out the most famous
paintings in the collection.

21 ghost train an activity for adults and children, in which you travel in a vehicle
/ˈɡəʊst ˌtreɪn/ through a set of exciting and frightening experiences

22 hands on - INVOLVED - Someone with a hands-on way of doing things

becomes closely involved in managing and organizing things and
in making decisions
She's very much a hands-on manager.

- PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE - Someone who has hands-on experience of

something has done or used it rather than just read or learned
about it
Many employers consider hands-on experience to be as useful as
academic qualifications.
hands-on experience/training/education

23 harbour an area of water next to the coast, often protected from the sea by
/ˈhɑː.bər/ a thick wall, where ships and boats can shelter
40
 Our hotel room overlooked a pretty little fishing harbour.
The Central harbour area will be closed to all marine traffic from 3.45 p.m.
to 4.30 p.m.
It was a pretty town with a picturesque harbour and well-preserved
buildings.
In the harbour, the boats bobbed gently up and down on the water.

24 incredible
/ɪnˈkred.ə.bəl/

25 leaflet a piece of paper that gives you information or advertises

/ˈliː.flət/ something
= brochure, booklet A leaflet about the new bus services came through the door today.
Demonstrators handed out leaflets to passers-by.

distribute/hand out leaflets Staff stood outside the supermarket handing

out leaflets advertising the promotion.
an explanatory/information leaflet

26 luxury (hotel)
/ˈlʌk.ʃər.i/

27 magnificent The carnival was a magnificent spectacle.

/mæɡˈnɪf.ɪ.sənt/ The view from the top of the mountain is magnificent.
= brilliant, glorious, They gave a magnificent performance.
splendid The palace was absolutely magnificent.
magnificence (n) New Orleans is famous for its magnificent old oak trees.

41
 magnificently (adv)

28 moderate hotel - MEDIUM-SIZED

/ˈmɒd.ər.ət/ 2-3 stars hotel

29 mysterious These mysterious creatures live at the bottom of the ocean.

/mɪˈstɪə.ri.əs/
= cryptic, enigmatic,
inscrutable
mysteriously (adv)

30 palace a royal/presidential palace

/ˈpæl.ɪs/ This magnificent palace took over 20 years to complete.
Most of the palace is open to the public as a museum.
imperial palace
The passage indicates a clear connection between the currency
issue plan and construction plans for the imperial palace
precincts.
presidential palace
royal palace
palace guard
palace grounds
movie palace

31 parade a large number of people walking or in vehicles, all going in the

/pəˈreɪd/ same direction, usually as part of a public celebration of
something
a victory parade
42
 For three hours a committee of state senators listened to a parade of local
residents giving their opinions.
The entire regiment was on parade.
Live music and a parade set an upbeat mood for the official opening.
Tomorrow's parade will mark the 50th anniversary of the battle.
From our hotel room window, we had a grandstand view of the parade.

32 park-and-ride - a place in or near a town or city where you can park your car
cheaply and take a bus or other form of public transport into the
centre
It's easiest to leave your car in the park-and-ride.

- the system of leaving your car in a park and ride area and taking
public transport to the city centre
the park-and-ride system

33 pedestrianization the process of making a street or part of a town into an area that is only for
/pəˌdestriənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ people who are walking, not for vehicles
The plan recommends the pedestrianization of the main streets.

34 perilous extremely dangerous

/ˈper.əl.əs/ The country roads are quite perilous.
= dangerous, hazardous,
high-risk, risky, unsafe,
treacherous

43
35 popular
/ˈpɒp.jə.lər/
popularity

36 public convenience a building containing toilets that are available for everyone to use
UK
/ˌpʌb.lɪk kənˈviː.ni.əns/

= bathroom US
comfort station US
restroom mainly US
toilet (CONTAINER) UK

37 conveniences - at your convenience = when you want

/kənˈviː.ni.əns/ The goods will be delivered at your convenience.

- at your earliest convenience = as soon as you like or can

Please return the completed form at your earliest convenience.

- TOILET
public convenience
a public toilet

38 red-light district a part of a city where people and businesses sell sex

44
39 rides (n)

40 rollercoaster
/ˈrəʊ.ləˌkəʊ.stər/

41 shopping centre

42 shopping mall

43 span NOUN
/spæn/ - TIME - the period of time that something exists or happens
lifespan, time span He has a short attention/concentration span.
an average lifespan of 70 years
Over a span of just three years, the new government has transformed the
country's economic prospects.

- LENGTH - the length of something from one end to the other

huge wings with a span of over a metre

45
 the area of a bridge, etc. between two supports
The bridge crosses the river in a single span.

VERB
- TIME - to exist or continue for a particular length of time
Tennis has a history spanning several centuries.
- BRIDGE - If a bridge spans a river, it goes from one side to the
other
An old bridge spans the river just outside the town.

44 spectacular (a) very exciting to look at

/spekˈtæk.jə.lər/ There was a spectacular sunset last night.
Scotland is famous for its spectacular countryside.
The river snakes through some of the most spectacular countryside in
France.
The scenery is spectacular.

45 statue a statue of a boy

They planned to put up/erect a statue to the president.
/ˈstætʃ.uː/
A statue has been built to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the
poet's birthday.
A statue was erected to glorify the country's national heroes.

ancient statue

bronze statue

46
 colossal statue

life-size statue

marble statue

wooden statue

46 temple The roof of the temple was held up by a row of thick stone columns.
This temple is a place of great holiness for the religion's followers.
Inside the temple, worshippers were kneeling in supplication.

47 theatre The theatre managed to boost its audiences by cutting ticket prices.
/ˈθɪə.tər/
- operating theatre (UK) = operating room (US)

- MILITARY - an area or place in which important military events

happen
a theatre of war

48 treacherous Snow and ice have left many roads treacherous, and drivers are warned
/ˈtretʃ.ər.əs/ to use caution.
= dangerous Freezing rain made driving treacherous.

47
49 white-knuckle ride A white-knuckle experience or activity makes you feel very
/ˌwaɪtˈnʌk.əl/ frightened and often excited
a white-knuckle ride in a theme park

UNIT 10 - Guiding

1 ambassador an official who represents his or her own country in a foreign

/æmˈbæs.ə.dər/ country
Late last night, the French ambassador was summoned to the Foreign
Office to discuss the crisis.

2 ancient ancient monuments/ruins/woodlands

/ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

3 answerphone a device connected to a phone that answers calls automatically

/ˈɑːn.sə.fəʊn/ and records messages from the person calling
answering machine She wasn't in so I left a message on her answerphone.

4 approachable friendly and easy to talk to (CHARACTER)

/əˈprəʊ.tʃə.bəl/ Graham's always very approachable - why don't you talk the problem over
with him?
If a place is approachable, you can reach it or get near to it
It's one of the few lakeside villages approachable by car.

5 architecture Almost every visitor to Edinburgh is seduced by its splendid architecture.

/ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃər/ The town's modern architecture is very well integrated with the old.
- modern/classical/Gothic architecture
- environmentally sustainable architecture
48
6 bag pull

7 commentary - a description of action and moving events

/ˈkɒm.ən.tər.i/
SYN: remark, statement, - a spoken description of an event on the radio or television that is
declaration, observation broadcast as the event happens
The commentary on the Olympic Games was much better on the other
channel.
- running commentary - a continuous description of events as they
are happening
COLLOCATIONS
audio commentary
Instead, in-game prompts are used to allow players to activate a relevant audio
commentary for a specific area.
brief commentary
We also provide a brief commentary on how variation has been addressed in a
range of linguistic theories.
commentary track
The album was re-released in 2009 in a number of formats and featured 16
b-sides and rarities as well as a commentary track.

8 commission a percentage paid to someone for bringing customers to a

/kəˈmɪʃ.ən/ shop or other service

9 crypt a room under the floor of a church where bodies are buried
/krɪpt/

49
10 diplomacy - careful and skilful management of people and their problems
/dɪˈpləʊ.mə.si/
- the management of relationships between countries
Diplomacy has so far failed to bring an end to the fighting.

- skill in dealing with people without offending or upsetting them

(APPROVING)
It took all her tact and diplomacy to persuade him not to resign.

11 distillery a factory where strong alcoholic drinks are produced by the

/dɪˈstɪl.ər.i/ process of distilling
a whisky distillery

12 dome a rounded roof on a building or a room, or a building with such a mái vòm
/dəʊm/ roof
The dome of city hall could be seen in the distance.

COLLOCATIONS
glass dome
A single moon ray, which breaks through the horizontal bars of the glass dome,
sheds its magical light on the main switch, which glitters like a tentacle.
gold dome
The palace includes a blue and gold dome topped with a spire.
golden dome
It is very visible because of its large size and golden dome.

13 elegant graceful and attractive in appearance or behaviour

/ˈel.ɪ.ɡənt/ We met a young businesswoman, elegant in a black suit.

50
 elegance (n)
elegantly (adv)

14 first-aid basic medical treatment that is given to someone as soon as

/ˌfɜːst ˈeɪd/ possible after they have been hurt in an accident or suddenly
become ill

15 freelance (adj, adv, - freelance for/with sb

Jones continues to freelance for the radio station despite officially retiring
v)
two years ago.
/ˈfriː.lɑːns/
= self-employed
freelancer (n)

16 frivolous - behaving in a silly way and not taking anything seriously

/ˈfrɪv.əl.əs/ I think he sees her as a frivolous young woman.
frivolously (adv)
- A frivolous activity or object is silly or not important rather than
useful or serious
I feel like doing something completely frivolous today.

- We don’t have a monthly budget, but we don’t spend frivolously either.

17 gratuity - an amount of money given by a customer to someone who has

/ɡrəˈtʃuː.ə.ti/ provided a service, especially in a hotel or restaurant
= tip Many customers leave a gratuity even if the service has been bad.

- an amount of money given to an employee who leaves a job

51
 a terminal/retirement gratuity
He left with an ill-health gratuity payment from the company.

18 haunted - showing signs of suffering or severe anxiety (ANXIOUS)

/ˈhɔːn.tɪd/ He had a haunted look about him.

- A haunted place is one where ghosts often appear

a haunted house
This room is said to be haunted.

19 horizon A broad sweep of flat countryside stretched to the horizon in all directions.
/həˈraɪ.zən/

20 hospitality desk a place, usually at a hotel or conference, where visitors can

/ˌhɒs.pɪˈtæl.ə.ti/ get help and advice

21 incentive - something that encourages a person to do something

/ɪnˈsen.tɪv/ There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public
disincentive transport remains so expensive.

22 incentive tour a trip offered to a group of employees as a reward for a good

work

23 marble a type of very hard rock that has a pattern of lines going through it, đá hoa, cẩm thạch
/ˈmɑː.bəl/ feels cold, and can be polished to become smooth and shiny
a marble floor/statue

52
24 mausoleum a building in which the bodies of dead people are buried lăng tẩm
/ˌmɔː.zəˈliː.əm/

25 open-top bus An open-top car, bus, etc. does not have a roof, or has a roof that xe bus mui trần
you can fold back.

26 patronizing - treating someone like a child ra vẻ

/ˈpæt.rə.naɪ.zɪŋ/
= self-important, - speaking or behaving towards someone as if they are stupid
supercilious or not important
It's that patronizing tone of hers that I can't bear.

27 pax abbreviation for “PASSENGERS”

/pæks/

28 pick up point place where the guide àn coach meet the passengers điểm đón

29 porterage the job of carrying things for other people, especially at railway
/ˈpɔːtərɪdʒ/ stations, airports, etc., or the money that is paid for this

30 powerful
/ˈpaʊə.fəl/

31 proud sticking out from the surrounding area tràn ngập

/praʊd/ Sand the surface with abrasive paper until no flakes of paint stand proud of
the surface.

53
32 sculpture COLLOCATIONS
/ˈskʌlp.tʃər/ - abstract sculpture
sculpt (v)
- bronze sculpture
sculpted/ sculptured (adj)
- ceramic sculpture
- classical sculpture
- clay sculpture
- contemporary sculpture
- figurative sculpture
- ice sculpture
- light sculpture
- living sculpture
- modern sculpture
- monumental sculpture
- outdoor sculpture

33 splendid excellent, or beautiful and impressive

/ˈsplen.dɪd/ The splendid old opera house was torn down.
= magnificent, glorious Our splendid weather ended with a terrible storm.

34 superb of excellent quality; very great

/suːˈpɜːb/ She gave a superb performance of the Beethoven.
superbly (adv)

UNIT 11 - Promotion and marketing in tourism

54
1 advertising (n)
/ˈæd.və.taɪ.zɪŋ/

2 billboard On the highway we passed dozens of billboards showing his smiling face.
/ˈbɪl.bɔːd/ In Moscow of today, advertising billboards line the avenues.
They unveiled a billboard on First Avenue South saying "Welcome" in
Japanese.

3 agro-holiday kỳ nghỉ nông

nghiệp

4 browse browse through sth - I was browsing through the magazine when I saw their
/braʊz/ ad.

to browse the Web

5 centenary (n) (the day or year that is) 100 years after an important event
/senˈtiː.nər.i/ /senˈten.ər.i/ centenary celebrations
centennial (a)
Next year is the centenary of her death.
bicentenary (n) 200
bicentennial (a)
tercentenary (n) 300
tercentennial (a)

6 challenging
/ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/

55
7 click on

8 climate a tropical/mild/desert/ mild/ dry/ subtropical climate

/ˈklaɪ.mət/ climate system/conditions Carbon emissions are changing the world's
climate system.

9 cosy comfortable and pleasant, especially (of a building) because of being

/ˈkəʊ.zi/ small and warm

10 cut-price - Cut-price products cost less than the usual price hạ giá, giảm
/ˌkʌtˈpraɪs/ cut-price airline tickets giá
cut-rate
- A cut-price shop sells things at lower prices than other shops.

- costing less than the usual price

cut-price bids/deals/offers
cut-price cars/holidays/mortgages

- selling goods and services at less than the usual price

a cut-price airline/operator/retailer

The City remains nervous about cut-price competition from supermarkets.

11 desktop
/ˈdesk.tɒp/

56
12 direct mailing the act of sending out a large number of advertisements through the
mass mailing mail
We were told later we had a 1.8% response rate to our direct mailing.

13 download
/ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ /ˈdaʊn.ləʊd/

14 expedition a long, organized trip for a particular purpose, or the people, vehicles, cuộc thám
/ˌek.spəˈdɪʃ.ən/ or ships making such a trip hiểm
a military expedition
viễn chinh
fishing expedition
hunting expedition

15 extraordinary very unusual, special, unexpected, or strange

/ɪkˈstrɔː.dɪn.ər.i/
extraordinarily (adv)

16 familiarization trip a trip designed for travel advisors to learn about a destination, a
partner travel company, or an airline, and sometimes, all of the
above.

17 fiesta a public celebration in Spain or Latin America, especially one on a

/fiˈes.tə/ religious holiday, with different types of entertainment and activities

18 game reserve a large area of land where wild animals live safely or are hunted
in a controlled way for sport.

57
19 glacier
/ˈɡlæs.i.ər/

20 heliskiing t​he sport of flying in a helicopter to a place where there is a lot of snow on a mountain
/ˈheli skiːɪŋ/ in order to ski there

21 home page

22 jacuzzi a brand name for a bath or pool into which warm water flows through
/dʒəˈkuː.zi/ small holes, producing a pleasant bubbling effect

23 mailshot - an act of sending letters, packages, or electronic messages to a lot of

/ˈmeɪl.ʃɒt/ people at one time
Maybe a mailshot should be sent to all customers to notify them of the product
mass mailing
changes.

- a paper advertisement sent to homes or businesses

I often get mailshots from insurance companies about savings schemes.

24 market research the collection and examination of information about things that people
/ˌmɑː.kɪt rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ buy or might buy and their feelings about things that they have bought
Market research shows that demand for small cars will continue to grow.

carry out/do/perform market research Carrying out market research showed

that customers thought our phones were too heavy and too ugly.

market research on sth We did market research on the buying habits of

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 single mothers.

a market research interview/questionnaire/survey Market research surveys

of teenagers revealed that what they most wanted was control over all the
devices in their lives.

a market research company/firm/group A market research firm handles our

focus groups.

25 market segment a group of possible customers who are similar in their needs, age,
/ˈseɡ.mənt/ education, etc.
Tablet computers are aimed at the home user market segment.

26 mountain lodge nhà nghỉ trên

/lɒdʒ/ núi

27 mouse
/maʊs/

28 neon sign
/ˈniː.ɒn/

29 online online trading/advertising/shopping - There has been an increase in online

/ˈɒn.laɪn/ trading by individuals.

30 point-of-sale - a place such as a store where something is sold

/ˌpɔɪnt əv ˈseɪl/ Purchase decisions are heavily influenced at the point of sale.
- a place where people pay in a store

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 point-of-sale displays
point-of-sale computer terminals used by retailers

31 press release - a public statement given to the press to publish if they wish
/ˈpres rɪˌliːs/
issue a press release - Knowing the right way to issue a press release is
almost as important as the information in the release itself.

In a press release yesterday, the company warmly welcomed the new

proposals.

32 print-run the number of copies of a book produced at one time

/ˈprɪnt ˌrʌn/ a first/initial/second print run A first print run of 175,000 copies is planned by
the publisher.

33 rambling holiday too long and confused

/ˈræm.blɪŋ/

34 secluded - quiet, private, and not near people, roads, or buildings hẻo lánh
/sɪˈkluː.dɪd/ a secluded beach
seclusion (n) a secluded house in the forest

- She spent her days in the seclusion of her room.

35 slogan - advertising/marketing/branding slogan - The company's advertising slogan

/ˈsləʊ.ɡən/ in the 1970s and 1980s was "You can be sure of Shell".

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 - catchy/famous/popular slogan

36 snowboarding
/ˈsnəʊ.bɔː.dɪŋ/

37 sponsorship the act of providing money for a television or radio programme,

/ˈspɒn.sə.ʃɪp/ website, sports event, or other activity in exchange for advertising
The company is reviewing its €6 million a year advertising and sponsorship
budget.

38 target - to direct advertising, criticism, or a product at someone

/ˈtɑː.ɡɪt/ The advert for the energy drink is targeted specifically at young people.
aggressively/carefully/specifically target sb/sth - The marketing campaign
is specifically targeting a different type of customer.

target sth at sb/sth - We need government restrictions on ads targeted at

children.

target sth to sb/sth - They plan to target the tax cut to the middle classes.

39 telesales the advertising or selling of goods or services by phone

/ˈtel.ɪ.seɪlz/
telemarketing

40 well-stocked (a) having a large supply and variety of things, especially food or
drink
The spacious lounge with its well-stocked bar is furnished in soft peachy
colours and attractive cane-backed chairs.

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 UNIT 12 - Developments in tourism

1 altitude height above sea level

/ˈæl.tɪ.tʃuːd/ The city of Denver is situated at an altitude of almost exactly one mile.
We are currently flying at an altitude of 15,000 metres.

2 archaeology the study of the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects
/ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/ that belonged to people who lived in the past, in order to
archaeological learn about their culture and society
archaeologist Daniel is very interested in history and archaeology, and often visits
historic sites.

3 brothel a place where men go and pay to have sex with prostitutes
/ˈbrɒθ.əl/

4 carnival a place of outside entertainment where there are machines

/ˈkɑː.nɪ.vəl/ you can ride on and games that can be played for prizes
There’s a carnival in Payson Park this weekend.

(a special occasion or period of) public enjoyment and

entertainment involving wearing unusual clothes, dancing,
and eating and drinking, usually held in the streets of a city
a Caribbean carnival

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5 cliff erosion

6 conservation the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and

/ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən/ interesting and important structures and buildings, especially
from the damaging effects of human activity
wildlife conservation

7 conservationist someone who works to protect the environment from the

/ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən.ɪst/ damaging effects of human activity
Conservationists are concerned about the threat to the Arctic's unique
ecosystems.

8 craft skill and experience, especially in relation to making objects;

/krɑːft/ a job or activity that needs skill and experience, or
something produced using skill and experience
the craft of furniture making/sewing/glassblowing
rural/ancient/traditional crafts
craft workers (= skilled workers)

9 elderly

10 environment

11 environmentalist
/ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl.ɪst/

12 folk dance

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 /fəʊk/

13 gravity - the force that attracts objects towards one another,

/ˈɡræv.ə.ti/ especially the force that makes things fall to the ground
- seriousness = severity
I don't think you understand the gravity of the situation.

14 greed a strong desire to continually get more of something, esp.

/ɡriːd/ money
greedy (a) He was greedy for power

15 habitat
/ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/

16 idyllic An idyllic place or experience is extremely pleasant,

/ɪˈdɪl.ɪk/ beautiful, or peaceful
an idyllic childhood/summer
an idyllic village in the Yorkshire Dales

17 module one of a set of separate parts that, when combined, form a

/ˈmɒdʒ.uːl/ complete whole
The emergency building is transported in individual modules, such as
bedrooms and a kitchen, which are put together on site.

18 over-consumption

19 overuse I tend to overuse certain favourite expressions

/ˌəʊ.vəˈjuːz/
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20 pollution

21 recycling (n) - recycling of sth Recycling of raw materials and energy resources
reduces the cost of production.
- a recycling business/company/industry
- recycling centers/plants/facilities
- a recycling program/scheme/system
- waste/plastic/metal recycling

22 referendum a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are

/ˌref.əˈren.dəm/ asked to give their opinion about or decide an important
referendums/ political or social question
referenda (formal) Is it more democratic to hold a referendum, rather than let the government
alone decide?
COLLOCATIONS
bond referendum
The present courthouse replaced it in 1902 after a $72,000 bond referendum
passed.
national referendum
This debate took place at all levels of society and in political institutions, by
expert groups' assessments and by a national referendum.
popular referendum
Whether there is a popular referendum or parliamentary ratification, this is the
moment when positions must be made clear.

23 resources
/rɪˈzɔːs/ /ˈriː.sɔːs/

24 responsible - be responsible for sb/sth/doing sth -

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 /rɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/ to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty
of taking care of it, him, or her
The city council is responsible for keeping the streets clean.
- be responsible to sb/sth
to be controlled by someone or something
In Australia, the prime minister and the Cabinet are responsible to the
House of Representatives.
- hold sb/sth responsible
to blame someone or something for something bad that happened
He was held responsible for the accident.

25 safeguard (n/v) - to protect something from harm

/ˈseɪf.ɡɑːd/ The union safeguards the interests of all its members.
- to protect children or adults who could be hurt emotionally or
physically
Extensive background checks on staff are carried out to safeguard
children in schools.
- a law, rule, or something that is done to protect someone or
something from harm or damage
The industry has been criticised for not providing adequate safeguards
against poisoning.
safeguard for sth/sb The new laws contain important safeguards for
credit card customers.
safeguard against sth Keeping a large cash reserve is, for some airlines,
the best safeguard against another bankruptcy.

26 shellfish a creature with a shell, that lives in water, especially one of the types that
can be eaten. Oysters and crabs are both shellfish.
/ˈʃel.fɪʃ/

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27 solar panel Solar panels are used to power satellites.
/ˌsəʊ.lə ˈpæn.əl/

28 souvenir He bought a model of a red London bus as a souvenir of his trip to

London.
/ˌsuː.vənˈɪər/

29 stakeholder a person such as an employee, customer, or citizen who is involved

/ˈsteɪkˌhəʊl.dər/ with an organization, society, etc. and therefore has responsibilities
towards it and an interest in its success

30 sustainable causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able

/səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/ to continue for a long time
A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting
sustainability sustainable development in all countries.
/səˌsteɪ·nəˈbɪl·ɪ·t̬ i/ able to continue at the same level for a period of time
Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan for sustainable business
development.
sustainable/growth/success/value The question of how to achieve
long-term sustainable growth in shareholder value is re-emerging.
sustainable communities/energy sources

31 tribe a tribe of Amazonian Indians

/traɪb/

32 waste disposal an electrical machine, connected to a kitchen sink, that cuts up

/ˈweɪst dɪˌspəʊ.zəl/ food waste so that it will flow easily through the pipes
= garbage disposal

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