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Service Information System Page 1 of 13
Systems Operation
319D Excavator Hydraulic System
Media Number -KENR5210-04 Publication Date -01/12/2010 Date Updated -06/12/2010
i06588585
Main Control Valve

SMCS - 5051
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Illustration 1 g06036418
(1) Relief valve (negative flow)
(2) Stick II control valve
(3) Line relief valve (boom cylinder head end)
(4) Boom II control valve
(5) Straight travel control
(6) Main relief valve
(7) Stick regeneration valve
(8) Swing priority valve
(9) Bucket control valve
(10) Line relief valve (bucket cylinder head end)
(11) Work tool control valve
(12) Boom I control valve
(13) Right travel control valve
(14) Left travel control valve
(15) Swing control valve
(16) Stick I control valve
(17) Line relief valve (stick cylinder rod end)
(18) Boom drift reduction valve
(19) Stick drift reduction valve
(20) Line relief valve (bucket cylinder rod end)
(21) Line relief valve (boom cylinder rod end)
(23) Line relief valve (stick cylinder head end)
(24) Implement pressure switch
(25) Load check valve
(26) Center bypass passage
(28) Parallel feeder passage
(29) Return passage
(31) Orifice
(32) Orifice
(33) Travel pressure switch
(34) Inlet port (idler pump)
(35) Inlet port (drive pump)
(36) Return passage
(37) Idler pump
(38) Pilot pump
(39) Drive pump
(40) Hydraulic tank
View Image
Main control valve (port identification)
(aL1) Pilot port at the right travel control valve (REVERSE TRAVEL)
(aL2) Pilot port at the boom I control valve (BOOM LOWER)
(aL3) Pilot port at the work tool control valve
(aL4) Pilot port at the bucket control valve (BUCKET CLOSE)
(aL5) Pilot port at the boom II control valve (BOOM LOWER)
(aL6) Pilot port at the stick II control valve (STICK IN)
(aR1) Pilot port at the left travel control valve (REVERSE TRAVEL)
(aR2) Pilot port at the swing control valve (SWING LEFT)

(aR3) Pilot port at the stick I control valve (STICK IN)
(aR5) Pilot port at the stick regeneration valve
(AL1) Right travel control valve (REVERSE TRAVEL)
(AL2) boom I control valve (BOOM LOWER)
(AL3) work tool control valve
(AL4) bucket control valve (BUCKET CLOSE)
(AR1) left travel control valve (REVERSE TRAVEL)
(AR2) swing control valve (SWING LEFT)
(AR3) stick I control valve (STICK IN)
(bL1) Pilot port at the right travel control valve (FORWARD TRAVEL)
(bL2) Pilot port at the boom I control valve (BOOM RAISE)
(bL3) Pilot port at the work tool control valve
(bL4) Pilot port at the bucket control valve (BUCKET OPEN)
(bL5) Pilot port at the boom II control valve (BOOM RAISE)
(bL6) Pilot port at the stick II control valve (STICK OUT)
(bR1) Pilot port at the left travel control valve (FORWARD TRAVEL)
(bR2) Pilot port at the swing control valve (SWING RIGHT)
(bR3) Pilot port at the stick I control valve (STICK OUT)
(bR4) Pilot port at the swing priority valve
(bR5) Pilot port at the stick regeneration valve
(BL1) right travel control valve (FORWARD TRAVEL)
(BL2) boom I control valve (BOOM RAISE)
(BL3) work tool control valve
(BL4) bucket control valve (BUCKET OPEN)
(BR1) left travel control valve (FORWARD TRAVEL)
(BR2) swing control valve (SWING RIGHT)
(BR3) stick I control valve (STICK OUT)
(dA) Drain port at the swing priority valve
(dA1) Drain port at the stick drift reduction valve
(dB1) Drain port at the boom drift reduction valve
(PA1) Pilot port at the stick drift reduction valve (STICK IN)
(PB1) Pilot port at the boom drift reduction valve (BOOM LOWER)
(PP) Port for pilot signal oil
(PSW) Port for the implement/swing pressure switch
(PTA) Port for the travel pressure switch
View Image
Top view of the main control valve
(3) Line relief valve (boom cylinder head end)
(5) Straight travel control
(6) Main relief valve

(17) Line relief valve (stick cylinder rod end)
(18) Boom drift reduction valve
(19) Stick drift reduction valve
(43) Rear valve body
(44) Front valve body
The main control valves are located between the pumps and the actuators (cylinders and motors) in the hydraulic system. Depending on the machine
operation, the oil flow from the drive pump, the idler pump, and the pilot pump to the hydraulic circuits are controlled by the operation of each
component in the main control valve. These functions change the operating direction of the actuators and the speed of the actuators. These functions
also limit the pressure within the hydraulic system.
The main control valve consists of front body (44) and of rear body (43).
1. The following control valves are installed in parallel in front body (44):
 Stick I control valve (16)
 Swing control valve (15)
 Left travel control valve (14)
 Right travel control valve (13)
 Boom I control valve (12)
 Work tool control valve (11)
 Bucket control valve (9)
The following components are also installed in the front body.
a. Line relief valves
 Line relief valve (21) for the rod end of the boom cylinder
 Line relief valve (3) for the head end of the boom cylinder
 Line relief valve (20) for the rod end of the bucket cylinder
 Line relief valve (10) for the head end of the bucket cylinder
 Line relief valve (23) for the head end of the stick cylinder
 Line relief valve (17) for the rod end of the stick cylinder
b. Drift reduction valves
 Boom drift reduction valve (18)
 Stick drift reduction valve (19)
c. Load check valves (25)
2. The following control valves are installed in parallel in rear body (43):
 Stick regeneration valve (7)
 Boom II control valve (4)
 Stick II control valve (2)
The following components are also installed in the rear body.
a. Main relief valve (6)
b. Swing priority valve (8)
c. Straight travel valve (5)
d. Relief valve (1) and relief valve (22)
e. Orifice (31) and orifice (32)
For further information of the components that are installed on the main control valve or in the main control valve, refer to the appropriate sections
within this module.
Main Control Valve Operation in NEUTRAL Position
View Image
Section view of the main control valve
(1) Front body
(4) Return passage
(14) Rear body
(15) Negative flow control orifice
(18) Inlet port
(19) Straight travel control valve
(22) Return port
(23) Negative flow control orifice
(24) Inlet port
The idler pump supplies oil through inlet port (24). The oil then flows through center bypass passage (13) and parallel feeder passage (9). The drive
pump supplies oil through inlet port (18). The oil then flows through center bypass passage (6) and parallel feeder passage (12).
When all of the joysticks and/or travel levers/pedals are in the NEUTRAL position, idler pump oil flows through center bypass passage (13), negative
flow control orifice (23) and return port (22) back to the hydraulic tank. Drive pump oil from inlet port (18) flows through center bypass passage (6),
negative flow control orifice (15) and return port (22) back to the hydraulic tank. Oil in parallel feeder passages (9) and (12) remains blocked by each
control valve spool.
Activation of any joystick and/or travel levers/pedals provides two paths for drive pump oil. One path flows through center bypass passage (6) to right
travel control valve (7). The other path flows through parallel feeder passage (12) to boom I control valve (5), work tool control valve (3) and bucket
control valve (2). Activation of any joystick and/or travel levers/pedals also provides two paths for idler pump oil. One path flows through center bypass
passage (13) to left travel control valve (8) and stick I control valve (11). The other path flows through parallel feeder passage (9) to swing control valve
(10) and stick I control valve (11).
Individual Valve Operation
View Image
Bucket control valve (NEUTRAL position)
(1) Pilot port

(2) Spring
(3) Spring
(4) Stem
(5) Return passage
(7) Pilot port
(8) Line relief valve (bucket cylinder rod end)
(9) Port
(11) Passage
(12) Port
The bucket control valve is used as a typical example for describing the operation of individual control valves.
When the joysticks and/or travel levers/pedals are in the NEUTRAL position, pilot oil does not flow to port (1) and port (7). Stem (4) is centered in the
NEUTRAL position by the force of spring (2) and spring (3). The idler pump oil flows through center bypass passage (6) to the hydraulic tank.
View Image
Bucket control valve (CLOSE position)
(1) Pilot port
(4) Stem
(5) Return passage
(9) Port
(11) Passage
(12) Port
(15) Passage
(16) Passage
When the joystick for the bucket is moved to the BUCKET CLOSE position, pilot oil is supplied to pilot port (1). Stem (4) moves down. Center bypass
passage (6) is closed and passage (16) becomes opened. Port (9) is now connected to return passage (5) through passage (15).
Oil that is in parallel feeder passage (13) flows through load check valve (10), passage (11) and passage (16). The oil then flows to port (12). The bucket
cylinder rod extends. When the bucket cylinder rod extends, the displaced oil in the rod end flows to port (9).
Oil flows through port (9) through passage (15) to return passage (5) and back to the hydraulic tank.
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Service Information System Page 1 of 13

Main Control Valve

(40) Hydraulic tank

(aR2) Pilot port at the swing control valve (SWING LEFT)

(13) Right travel control valve

 Stick I control valve (16)

 Swing control valve (15)

 Left travel control valve (14)

 Right travel control valve (13)

 Boom I control valve (12)

 Work tool control valve (11)

 Bucket control valve (9)

The following components are also installed in the front body.

a. Line relief valves

b. Drift reduction valves

 Boom drift reduction valve (18)

 Stick drift reduction valve (19)

c. Load check valves (25)

 Stick regeneration valve (7)

 Boom II control valve (4)

 Stick II control valve (2)

The following components are also installed in the rear body.

a. Main relief valve (6)

b. Swing priority valve (8)

c. Straight travel valve (5)

d. Relief valve (1) and relief valve (22)

e. Orifice (31) and orifice (32)

Main Control Valve Operation in NEUTRAL Position

Individual Valve Operation

Bucket control valve (NEUTRAL position)

(1) Pilot port

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