Batangas State University

College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts

Electronics, Instrumentation, and Mechatronics Engineering Department

Electrostatics and Magnetostatics

Presented for the course
ECE 401 Electromagnetics

ENGR. RAYNELL ANDAL INOJOSA, MSEEE

raynell.inojosa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph

Electric Field Intensity, Comparison of Electrostatics and Magnetostatics, Maxwell’s Equations

Week 8
COURSE OUTLINE 05
Time-varying Fields
Maxwell Equation’s in Different Forms
Teaching, Learning, and Assessment Activities Chapter 4
FINAL EXAM
Major Examination

03
Maxwell’s Equation MIDTERM EXAM 06
Plane-wave Propagation
Major Examination
Electrostatics and Magnetostatics Reflection and Transmission of a Plane Wave
Chapter 2 Chapter 5

02
Vector Analysis 04
EM Fields in Materials 07
Transmission Lines
Vector Algebra and Vector Calculus
Chapter 1 Electromagnetic Media and Boundary Conditions Wave propagation in transmission lines
Chapter 3 Chapter 6
01
Introduction
Introduction to Electromagnetics
Chapter 0

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18

August September October November December

2
 q1 q2

Recall, the force on 𝑄2 is given by the Coulomb’s Law as:

𝑄1 𝑄2
Electric Field 𝐅2 =
4𝜋𝝐0 𝑅12 2 𝐚12

Intensity q1 qt
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

𝑄1 𝑄𝑡
𝐅𝑡 = 2 𝐚1𝑡
4𝜋𝝐0 𝑅1𝑡
Electric field intensity is the vector force on a unit positive test
charge and is measured by the unit newtons per coulomb—the
force per unit charge.
 Electric field intensity is given by the equation,

𝑄1
𝐄= 2 𝐚1𝑡
4𝜋𝝐0 𝑅1𝑡

Electric Field 𝑄1
𝐄= 𝐚𝑟
Intensity 4𝜋𝝐0 𝑟 2
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

𝐅𝐭
𝐄=
𝑄𝑡
 Study of magnetic
widely used in applications of
fields in systems
micromagnetics such as models
where the currents
of magnetic storage devices as
are steady (not in computer memory
changing with time)
What is
magnetostatics?
magnetic analogue Example: permanent magnet or
of electrostatics, by passing current through a
where the charges coil of wire whose axis coincides
are stationary with the beam axis.

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

 Magnetostatics

Recall (electrostatics)
▪ Electric force (Coulomb force)
between electric charges (+ and -),
like charges repel, opposite
charges attract

Analogously
▪ Two kinds of magnetic poles
(north and south), like poles repel,
opposites attract

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

 ▪ isolated N and S poles
(magnetic monopoles) are
not observed.
▪ every magnet has both N
and S poles
▪ basic magnetic structure
is a dipole

Magnetostatics

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

 ▪ Magnetic dipoles create magnetic field
▪ Magnetic field lines point away from north towards south.
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Magnetic Fields
 Magnetic ▪ Magnetic field 𝐁 creates force acting
on a moving charged particle,
Force on a
𝐅 = Qv x 𝐁
Charge
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

What is the magnetic force if the

charges particle is at rest?
 ▪ symbol for magnetic field: B (vector quantity)
1kg
▪ SI unit: T (Tesla) 1T =
Cs
▪ Old unit, Gauss : 1 Gauss = 10−4 Tesla
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Magnetic Fields
Lorentz Force
Law

If both electric and magnetic fields are present,

𝐅 = Q(𝐄 + 𝐯x𝐁)
Simulation
of Lorentz
Force Law
https://matlab.mathworks.com/

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

Try to run this code on
your MathWorks
Account
 Comparison between Electric and Magnetic Field
Basis for Comparison Electric Field
Definition force around the electric charge
particle
Unit Volt/meter or Newton/Coulomb
Field Line Induces on a positive charge and
terminate on a negative charge
Force Repulsion force on like charges
and attraction force on unlike
charges
Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics
Magnetic Field
Region around the magnet where
poles exhibit a force of attraction or
repulsion
Tesla, (Newton-Second/Coulomb-
meter)
Generate at north pole and
terminate at the south pole.
Repulsion force on like poles and
attraction force on unlike poles
 Comparison between Electric and Magnetic Field

Basis for Comparison Electric Field Magnetic Field

Loop Electric field lines do not Magnetic line forms a close
form a closed loop. loop.

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

 Reminder

Classwork No. 1 (15%)

❑Week 7 (Based on class orientation)
❑Details: Run a simple Matlab code based on Chapter 2 and interpret results.
❑Research and adopt a simple Matlab algorithm and write a one-page report about it.
❑Deadline is October 30, 2021 (6 pm)!

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

For this lecture
Electrostatics and Magnetostatics

✓ Electrostatics
✓ Electric Charges
✓ Type of Charging
✓ Coulomb’s Law
✓ Vector Form of Coulomb’s Law
✓ Electric Field
✓ Magnetostatics QUESTIONS?
✓ Comparison of Electrostatics
and Magnetostatics
✓ Introduction to Maxwell’s
Equations

Inojosa | ECE 401 Electromagnetics

ECE 401 ELECTROMAGNETICS

Sir Ino
raynell.inojosa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
09292410093

Contact Hours: Saturday (1:00 pm – 6: 00 pm)

Batangas State University

College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Electronics, Instrumentation, and Mechatronics Engineering Department