CHAPTER 1

History and Historical Research

DEFINING HISTORICAL
RESEARCH
 DEFINING
HISTORICAL
RESEARCH
01 THE PURPOSES

02 CHARACTERISTICS

03
ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGES
04
STEPS
 DEFINITION
HISTORICL RESEARCH
◆ “comprises the techniques and
guidelines by which historians use
primary sources and other evidence,
including the evidence of
archeology, to research and then to
write histories in the form of
accounts of the past.”
- “Historical method – Wikipedia” 2017
HISTORICAL APPROACH
◆ “ is employed by researchers who
are interested I reporting events
and/or conditions that occurred in
the past. An attempt is made to
establish facts in order to arrive at
conclusions concerning past events
or predict future events.”
- Key 1997
 EXAMPLES OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

From Chalkboard to
Whiteboard: A
Historical Study of
Teaching Instruction
A study of the effects of the
historical decisions of the A study of the evolution of
Philippine Supreme Court print journalism in the
NEWS
on Philippine prisons Philippines through a study
of collections of newspapers
 To describe and examine events of
1 the past to understand the present
and anticipate potential future effects.

To reach insight or conclusions

2 about past persons or occurrences.

To people learn from past failure

3 and successes.

THE PURPOSES OF To reinterpret prior historical works

HISTORICAL 4 by revising existing understandings
and replacing them with new.
RESEARCH
 CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

1 It focuses exclusively in the

past.
4 It deals with discovery of
data that already exists.

It is not a mere accumulation 5 It is analytical.

2 of facts and date or even a
portrayal of past events. 6 It has variety of foci.

It involves the process of It record and evaluates the

3 collecting and reading 7 accomplishment of
individuals, agencies or
research material collected.
institution.
 Permits the investigation of topics
1 that could be studied in no other way.

Method is well suited for trend

2 analysis.

Not physically involved in the situation

ADVANTAGES 3 under study.

No danger of experimenter-subject
4 interaction.

Documents are located by

5 researcher, data is gathered, and
conclusions s drown out of sights.
 Controlling for
many of the Interpreting
threats to sources is very
internal validity time
Cannot control Availability of
is not possible. consuming.
for threats to sources of
internal historical
validity. Limitations are materials may
imposed due be
to content problematic.
analysis. Cannot ensure
representation
of the sample.
There is bias in
DISADVANTAGES interpreting
There is lack of historical
control over sources.
external
variables.
 Identify a topic/subject
and defining the problem or
1 hypotheses to be investigated;

Searching for sources

of data and other relevant source
2 materials;

Summarizing and evaluating

the sources the researcher is able to
STEPS IN 3 locate;.

HISTORICAL Analyzing, synthesizing and

RESEARCH interpreting
the evidence obtained and then
4 drawing conclusions about the
problem or hypothesis.
THANK YOU!