PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
FORMULATING YOUR RESEARCH STUDY/TITLE
1. You need to identify the problem first.
2. Next, identify the hypothesis or the educational guess,
haka-haka.
3. Planning out the study to test the hypothesis (scientific
method).
4. Defining the variable (dependent & independent
variable).
5. Make your conclusion and recommendation
“The Effects of Mobile Phone Usage inside The Classroom
to The Performance of Grade 11 Students in San Miguel
National High School, S.Y. 2023-2024.”
Do advance reading on the difference between
Qualitative and Quantitative Research.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Qualitative Research - deals with the quality or elements
that is tangible; deals with gathering data focusing on
words; open-ended questions. The research is holistic.
Verbal data are collected; it follows a subjective
approach. The reasoning is inductive (general to specific).
Quantitative Research – deals with research in numerical
form; close-ended questions. The reasoning is deductive
(specific to general). Particularistic in Nature; uses
objective approach, deductive approach, uses numbers.
Likert Scale – includes the numbers 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, or a scale.
Do advance reading on the types of Qualitative Research!
TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Action Research – the researcher participates in a
situation and collects data on it. The data is used
to analyze the situation and collect more data if
they want to adjust the scope of the study or its
results. This is cyclical, meaning each step involves
collaboration between the study participants and
the researcher.
• Phenomenological – it is a qualitative research
technique that seeks to understand the meaning
that people give to their experiences; it uses the
phenomenological inquiry method, which focuses
on how individuals experience events. It focuses
on subjective understanding and biases to look at
what people say about themselves, rather than
objective interpretations of what participants say.
This helps researchers better understand people’s
experiences.
• Ethnographic – a qualitative method that focuses
on understanding human behavior.
Ethnographers are interested in a phenomenon’s
social context while learning about cultural norms
and beliefs. The Researcher lives with the research
subjects and studies their culture. The researchers
interview the most knowledgeable people about
their roles and responsibilities within the society
or community. The data collected serves as raw
notes or raw data for future analysis.
• Case Study – these are in-depth examinations of
people or groups of people. They help the
researchers understand an intervention’s context,
process, and outcomes. Case studies also help
researchers understand the cause-and-effect
relationships between variables and the change
process over time. But for a case study to qualify
as qualitative research, the researcher must focus
on the meaning of the experiences to subjects.
Then they use content analysis to evaluate the
data from case studies.
• Narrative Model/Research – it is a popular
method because it helps you understand how
people live and make decisions. You collect data
about subjects by tracking them as they go
through different stages of your study. By
understanding these experiences through
observations of participants over time, businesses
can create buyer personas for their products and
services based on these narratives. This method
allows the researchers to gather data from several
sources at one time to identify themes or
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
patterns. It involves collecting stories from
participants to share later.
• Grounded Theory – It uses a systematic review of
existing data to develop theories about why
events happened the way they did. The grounded
theory is a method that uses inductive and
deductive approaches to theory development.
Rather than using probability sampling
procedures, researchers use purposeful sampling
to select certain subjects who may share new
perspectives on the phenomenon under study.
• Focus groups - A research that reveals people’s
attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs to enhance the
researcher’s knowledge of a particular topic. For
instance, moderators might conduct focus groups
with eight to 12 participants who meet at set
times over several weeks or months. Participants
may test out a new product, and researchers can
observe subjects and conduct interviews about
their experiences.
• Historical –research that identifies, locates,
evaluates, and synthesizes data from the past.
Historical research helps researchers understand
why something happened and what its impact
was. Researchers can use this data to predict the
future or understand the past better.