Q4 Qualitative Research Modular

Qualitative Research
Marwen B. Menorca
Juancho Martiniano V. Romero
Maria Christine B. Rubio
May Ann M. Serrano
University of Nueva Caceres
Senior High School Department
J. Hernandez Avenue, Naga City 4400

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

ABM, GAS, and STEM

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Authors
Marwen B. Menorca, LPT
Juancho Martiniano V. Romero, LPT
Maria Christine B. Rubio, LPT
May Ann M. Serrano, LPT

By: Marwen B. Menorca, Juancho Martiniano V. Romero, Maria Christine B.
Rubio, and May Ann M. Serrano.

Copyright © 2020 by Marwen B. Menorca, Juancho Martiniano V. Romero,
Maria Christine B. Rubio, May Ann M. Serrano and the University of Nueva
Caceres

No part of this course module/study guide may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the author/s and the University of Nueva
Caceres

Published in the Philippines by the University of Nueva Caceres

Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs
JH10, JH Bldg., University of Nueva Caceres,
J. Hernandez Ave. Naga City,
Camarines Sur, Philippines

Printed in the Philippines
First printing, 2020

Page 1

COURSE DESCRIPTION
In this course, you will learn more about research specifically on
Data Analysis. Data analysis is an integral part of research as it
helps you organize, interpret, structure, and present data into useful
information. The course will also help you learn more about
research papers and how to critique them. You will be provided
WIKIs to serve as your guide. The milestone will help you prepare for
your final output.

COURSE OUTLINE

SECTION 1: Critique a Research Paper
1.1 Introduction to the course Week 1 -2
1.2 Wiki: Research Paper I Week 1 -2
1.3 Wiki: Guidelines on How to Critique a Research Paper Week 1 -2
1.4 MILESTONE: Critique a Research Paper Week 3 -4
SECTION 2: Data Analysis

2.1 Wiki: Research Paper II Week 4-5
2.2 Wiki: Guidelines for Data Analysis Week 4-5
2.3 Wiki: Conclusion and Recommendation Week 4-5
2.4 FINAL OUTPUT: Data Analysis Week 6-8

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the course, you will be able to:

1. Critique a research paper.
2. Analyze provided data and create conclusion and recommendation.

SKILL OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the course, you should acquire the following skills:

INFORMATION LITERACY
Can locate and use VALID, ACCURATE, RELEVANT, THOROUGH, and COMPLETE
information to understand concepts, answer questions, and establish and defend
positions.

Level 2-3

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COURSE OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, you will continue to hone your
information literacy skills by analyzing data of a
FINAL OUTPUT
Research Paper. You will then formulate conclusions
and recommendations based on the given data. Then,
organize your work into a proper format for
submission.
MILESTONES
Before you can accomplish your final output, you will
have to do one milestone. This will help you in the final
output: Critique a Research Paper.

ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

To pass this course, you need to comply with the following requirements:
1. In this course, you will be graded based on the following criteria:

Criterion Weight

40%
Milestones
Final Output 60%
Total 100%
2. Milestone and Final Output will be graded using the provided rubrics

for this course. Make sure that you read and understand these rubrics
before creating your milestone and final output.

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Section 1
Introduction to Qualitative Research

OVERVIEW OF THE SECTION
The goal of this section is to help you explore and deepen your understanding of
research concepts such as characteristics, processes, ethics, and the importance of
research in daily life as well as be able to critique a given research paper.
LEARNING OUTCOME(S)
At the end of the section, you should be able to:
❏ demonstrate an understanding of the importance of research in daily life
❏ demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics, processes, and ethics of
research
SECTION OUTLINE

Wiki: Research Paper I Week 1-2

Wiki: Guidelines on How to Critique a Research Paper Week 1-2

MILESTONE: Critique a Research Paper Week 3-4

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Section 1: Critique a Research Paper

Title Wiki: Research Paper I
Timeline Week 1-2
Objectives Introduction to the concepts of research papers by reading the wiki

1. To help you in answering the following milestone, you need information on what
is a research paper.

2. Read the wiki entitled, "Research Paper I". Make sure that you read it very
carefully. Repeat reading the wiki until you understand all the concepts.

3. List down the word/s that is/are not familiar with you. Look at their definitions in
a dictionary of synonyms in a thesaurus. You may also search their definitions in
Google if you have access to the internet.

4. To help you understand what you are reading, answer the questions:
a. What is a research paper?
b. Why do I need to learn how to write a research paper?
c. What does a career research paper look like?

5. Write your answers in one to two sentences per question in a short-size bond
paper. Your title should be WIKI:Research Paper 1. Make sure to label your
document properly by putting your full name, strand/section, subject, learning
facilitator’s name, and SHS Department.

E.g. Maria Christine B. Rubio
STEM A
LF: Marwen B. Menorca
SHS Department

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Research Paper l

WHAT IS A RESEARCH PAPER?

A research paper is a piece of analytical writing, an essay in which you survey
what experts know or have said about a topic and then compare or synthesize their
thoughts with your own insights or opinions. A research paper gives you the opportunity
to contribute to a field, to add your voice to the ongoing conversation. How do you do
that? By presenting your own analysis, interpretation, or argument backed up with solid
evidence gleaned from your research.

A career research paper is a specific type of research document. Career research
papers are meant to give you a better and more accurate evaluation of the career that
appeals to you. Because of this, some parts of a traditional research paper may not be
the same for a career research paper. Writing a career research paper is usually done so
that the writer can explore a particular field of work they may be interested in.

WHY DO I NEED TO LEARN HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH PAPER?

Writing a research paper is an exercise through which you learn: (1) how to
research a topic, (2) how to think critically about that topic, and (3) how to coherently
express your understanding, analysis, and conclusions about the topic to someone else
who may or may not be as informed on the subject as you are. The more you write
quality essays and papers in college and the more you work to improve your research
and writing skills, the better your writing and your analytical skills will become.

At the end of this course, you will discover the following:
● Which job or career path fits your needs and goals
● What the qualifications of that job are
● What the environment in that industry is like
● What the important details of that job are
● What the advantages and disadvantages of choosing that job are
You will also obtain the following skills:
● Forming questions
● Creating data templates
● Identifying sources of information
● Evaluating sources of information
● Communicating with outside parties
● Citing sources using the MLA standard
● Writing and organizing a research paper
● Creating charts and graphs
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Aside from improving these skills, you can also use your career research paper
during your job application. This shows your potential employer that you are
knowledgeable about the field and that you have done extensive research before
applying. Writing a career research paper is a useful assignment to get you started
thinking about your future.

WHAT DOES A CAREER RESEARCH PAPER LOOK LIKE?
Check on the provided sample research paper.


J. Hernandez Street Naga City
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT

PURSUING FLIGHT ATTENDANT
A Career Research Paper
In
Partial fulfillment
for Practical Research 1
BERNADETTE R. ABAINZA
Researcher
MARIA CHRISTINE B. RUBIO

Learning Facilitator
March 2020
Introduction
The researcher will conduct a study about all the

factors and things to consider in pursuing the career of
a Flight Attendant. Prior to this research, the
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researcher wants to pursue a career that has to deal
with traveling and serving people. Having career
research about a flight attendant really boosts the
confidence and intellectual knowledge of the researcher.
This study aims to answer all the questions that

the researcher has provided. By doing that, the
researcher will be conducting a survey with questions
that could help the researcher pursue the career and
research into websites, books, journals, and articles.
Instilling the importance of the study, the study

will be helpful to the researcher to think practically
considering the things that a future flight attendant
must know and do. This study may serve as a guide for
tourism students to confidently pursue a career as a
flight attendant in the future.
The following are the ten questions that will lead

the researcher to results that can help the researcher
about the researcher’s dream.
1.) What do you like most about this course?

2.) Do you know other schools that offer the same
course as you do? Which one is better?
3.) Except for tourism, what other courses do you
know that can also apply to this job?
4.) After graduating in the course, in what airlines
would you prefer to apply?
5.) Do you know the salary of a flight attendant?
What's the range of it?
6.) What training is necessary for the job?
7.) How would you manage your time between
school and personal life?
8.) What's the most important thing you should learn
about taking this course?
9.) What are the challenges that you've faced in this
course? How well did you manage them?
10.) Have you already experienced riding a plane and
observing what flight attendants do? Give an
example.
Scope and limitation
This study covers the following things and factors that
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students of tourism management pursuing flight
attendant, must consider, do, and perform.
There are qualifications such as problem-solving skills

and critical thinking. The study also covers a range of
salaries. Health and Risks in taking the Career can also
be found in this research. Emotional behavior that can
occur. Schools that offer courses similar in pursuing
the career of being a flight attendant. And airlines
that accept high school or college graduate employees.
The researcher expects to have a solid but easy to

understand results and conclusions. This will be helpful
to the researcher in pursuing the researcher’s career.
And help future researchers in doing the related
literature and study.
The researcher has chosen students of tourism pursuing

flight attendants from the school of Mariners
Polytechnic Colleges, as the respondent of the survey
because the researcher knows that it can help to answer
all the ten questions that the researcher provided. The
researcher also had a survey by going to the school and
giving the respondents the questionnaire personally.
The researcher had 10 questions that were in accordance

with the study. The researcher also controlled the year
level of the respondents. The researcher also used the
method of Random Sampling, wherein the researcher had a
survey for any gender of having the same year level.
Review of related literature
This part includes articles, journals, and pieces

of information from websites but have been tested the
credibility of the information that will help the
researcher and future researchers with the same career
research.
Schedule and position
According to Mckay, (2019) With your training

complete and your certificate in hand, you may think
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you will soon be jetting all over the world and earning
a living at the same time. Not so fast. While there
will be some opportunities to work, you will not have a
regular schedule yet, and it will be a while before you
get to fly some of the more desirable routes. New
flight attendants spend at least one year, and possibly
up to seven years, on what is known in the airline
industry as "reserve status." What does this mean?
Being on "reserve status" is like being on call. You
will have to keep your overnight bag packed since you
will have to report to work at a moment's notice when
you are summoned to replace absent crew members or
cover extra flights. Eventually, you will be able to
bid on monthly assignments, but that comes only with
seniority.
According to Chen, (2011) This study investigates

the relationships between the antecedents of job
stress, such as work-to-family and family-to-work
conflicts, and consequences, such as job satisfaction,
organizational commitment, and turnover intentions, of
flight attendants who are typically characterized as
undertaking ‘emotional labor.
Cited from Bureau of Local Employment, (2011),

Some Flight Attendants become supervisors, moving from
senior or lead flight attendant, to check flight
attendant, to flight attendant supervisor, then on to
the base manager, and finally to manager or vice
president of in-flight operations. They may take on
additional duties, such as recruiting, instructing, or
developing in-flight products. Their experience also
may qualify them for numerous airline-related jobs
involving transactions with the public, such as
reservation ticket agent or public relations
specialist. Flight attendants who do not want to travel
often for various reasons may move to a position as an
administrative assistant. With additional education,
some Flight Attendants may decide to transfer to other
areas of the airline for which they work, such as risk
management or human resources.
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Benefits
According to Kokemuller, (2018) Flight attendants have

opportunities to travel to many parts of the United
States and the rest of the world. Unique job perks and
travel benefits are also advantages. Flight attendants
can take pride in playing a vital role in the safety and
overall experience of airplane passengers as well. On
the downside, attendants earn modest pay and have to
deal with declining job growth. The job is also
physically demanding and may include schedule
uncertainty.
Qualifications
According to Sirikanjanawong, et. al, (2018) “The

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has
established English Language Proficiency Requirements
(LPRs) for all flight crews operating on international
routes, all air traffic controllers who communicate with
foreign pilots, and air professionals.” One of the
qualifications for being a flight attendant is a person
that is fluent in speaking the English language.
According to Cueto, (2016) “The curriculum must also

respond to the changing demands of the tourism industry
and other sectors of the economy in order for the
students to gain more employment opportunities
addressing the identified gaps in communication skill,
critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.”.For
easier understanding, companies are not only looking for
physical qualifications but also the skill of a person.
Cited from the Bureau of Local Employment, (2011), A

high school diploma or its equivalent is the minimum
educational requirement. However, airlines increasingly
prefer applicants with a college degree. Applicants who
attend schools or colleges that offer flight attendant
training may have an advantage over other applicants.
Highly desirable areas of concentration include
people-oriented disciplines, such as communications,
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psychology, nursing, travel and tourism, hospitality,
and education. Flight attendants for international
airlines generally must speak a foreign language
fluently. For their international flights, some of the
major airlines prefer candidates who can speak two major
foreign languages, and/or with a degree in business
administration with a concentration in accounting.
Health Risks and Concerns
According to Mcneely, (2018) Compared to the NHANES

population (n = 2729), flight attendants (n = 5366) had
a higher prevalence of female reproductive cancers (SPR
= 1.66, 95% CI: 1.18–2.33), cancers at all sites (SPR =
2.15, 95% CI: 1.73–2.67 among females), as well as sleep
disorders, fatigue, and depression, with SPRs ranging
between 1.98 and 5.57 depending on gender and the
specific condition examined. In contrast, we observed a
decreased prevalence of cardiac and respiratory outcomes
among flight crew relative to NHANES. Health conditions
that increased with longer job tenure were sleep
disorders, anxiety/depression, alcohol abuse, any
cancer, peripheral artery disease, sinusitis, foot
surgery, infertility, and several perinatal outcomes.
According to Grajewski, (2015) Cosmic radiation

and circadian disruption are potential reproductive
hazards for flight attendants. Methods: Flight
attendants from 3 US airlines in 3 cities were
interviewed for pregnancy histories and lifestyle,
medical, and occupational covariates. We assessed cosmic
radiation and circa.
Behavioral Practices
According to Ilkhanizadeh, (2016) The structural

equation modeling results reveal that work engagement is
the underlying mechanism through which corporate social
responsibility, as manifested by the economic, legal,
ethical, and philanthropic practices, is linked to
flight attendants' career satisfaction and voice
behavior.
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According to Chang, et. Al., (2009) Flight attendants
constitute the majority of customer-service employees in
the airline industry. Compared to their colleagues in
other departments, flight attendants have more contact
with passengers, and for longer periods of time. Within
the airline industry, flight attendants are referred to
as the first-line service attendants. Passengers’ images
of the airlines are heavily influenced by the manners
and emotional attitudes of flight attendants.
According to Chang, et. al., (2009) The feeling of

emotional exhaustion among flight attendants who had
master’s degrees was greater than among those who had
graduated from high school, junior college, or college.
School Offerings
As cited from FindUniversity.ph, (2014), there are 9

universities and colleges that offers Tourism courses in
Bicol Region. 6 of which can be found in Camarines Sur
namely; University of Saint Anthony (Iriga City), La
Consolacion College
(Iriga City), Partido State University - San Jose
Campus, Mariners' Polytechnic Colleges Foundation (Naga
City), Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges (Nabua), and
Ateneo de Naga University
(Naga City). Others include the University of Santo
Tomas - Legazpi and Bicol College (Daraga) in Albay and
Philippine Women's University- CDCEC in Daet, Camarines
Norte. Few schools with notable quality education with
regards to Hotel and Restaurant Management include De La
Salle-College of Saint Benilde, Our Lady of Fatima
University, University of Santo Tomas and the University
of the Philippines Diliman. Moreover, the universities
granted as Centers of Excellence in Tourism are Lyceum
of the Philippines University-Manila Campus, Lyceum of
the Philippines University - Batangas Campus, and the
University of San Carlos in Cebu. (Edukasyon.ph) Also,
the University of Nevada in Las Vegas and The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University are few of the international
schools that have offers on Tourism courses.
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Age limit or range
According to Lessor, (2007) “The Civil Rights Movement

prompted flight attendants to challenge the legality of
airline rules that prevented them from working past age
32, in 1984. The Women's Movement reinforced the value
and seriousness of women's commitment to a career and
enabled flight attendants to challenge traditional
notions of the incompatibility of occupation and
family.”. Having an age limit in the field of being a
flight attendant really depends on the company or
airlines the future researchers will apply or work to.
Salary
Cited from Bureau of Local Employment, (2011), In the

Philippines, a Flight Attendant’s entry-level salary
ranges from P18,000 - P26,000 per month and may even go
up to P36,000 to P54,000 per month for those
highly-trained and experienced. Overseas such as in the
U.S. & Canada, the average annual salary for a flight
attendant is $43,350 or $3,612 per month.

Methods and Results
This part of the study presents the research method

used, the respondents, the instrumentation, and results.
The researcher conducted a survey from Random Students
taking a Tourism Course that pursues being a flight
attendant.
The students/respondents are from two reputable

colleges and universities.
1.) What do you like most about this course?
Page 15
Figure 1.
Figure 1, summarizes all the answers of the
respondents, Travel and tour, 90%, having the highest
percentage, and Learning cultures of other countries,
10% having the lowest percentage for the first question.
It only means that most of the respondents want Travel
and Tour because it is also one of the benefits of a
retired flight attendant.
2.) Do you know other schools that offer the same

course as you do? Which one is better?
Page 16
Figure 2.
respondents, Mariners Polytechnic Colleges having 60% of
the answers, and 10% for both University of Santa
Isabelle and Lyceum of the Philippines. It just means
that the respondents preferred Mariners Polytechnic
Colleges, and according to FindUniversity.ph, Mariners
Polytechnic Colleges is really a good school for
tourism.
3.) Except for tourism, what other courses do you know

that can also apply to this job?
Page 17
Figure 3.
respondents, 80% answered All graduates of different
Courses can apply to the job of a flight attendant, and
the other 20% answered Hospitality Management.
4.) After graduating in the course, in what airlines

would you prefer to apply?
Page 18
Figure 4.
respondents, the respondents preferred the airline
company of Fly Emirates, knowing that it is the
well-known airline company in the world that has
satisfying offers. Philippine Airlines is a well-known
airline company in the Philippines but Fly Emirates is
well-known across the globe.
5.) Do you know the salary of a flight attendant?

What's the range of it?
Page 19
Figure 5.
respondents, 50% of the researcher’s respondents
answered that the salary of the flight attendant
depends on the airline company. According to the review
of related literature of the researcher, it depends on
the position of the cabin crew and the airline company.
6.) What training is necessary for the job?
Page 20
Figure 6.
respondents, 50% answered Flight Demonstration and
Communication Training, and according to the
researcher’s review of related literature, it is really
what airline companies are looking for.
7.) How would you manage your time between school and
personal life?
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Figure 7.
respondents, a total of 100% answered Time Management as
the respondents way of managing the respondents school
and personal life.
8.) What's the most important thing you should

learn about taking this course?
Page 22
Figure 8.
respondents, 40% answered Communication skills, which is
really important for a flight attendant. According to
the review of related literature of the researcher, it
is needed to communicate with the passengers
9.) What are the challenges that you've faced in this

course? How well did you manage them?
Page 23
Figure 9.
respondents, 40% of the respondents answered Memorizing
places all over the world, but looking at the
respondents answers, it all has to deal with memorizing.
10.) Have you already experienced riding a plane

and observe what flight attendants do? Give an
example.
Page 24
Figure 10.

respondents, 80% of the respondents haven't experienced
yet riding on a plane and 20% have already and these
respondents said that the flight attendants are helping
the passengers find their comfort. The researcher asked
this question because the researcher wanted to know what
are the things that a flight attendant is doing on a
plane.
Conclusions
This part of the study includes the conclusion of

the researcher for every question used in the survey.
For the question “What do you like most about this

course?”, most of the respondents answered Travel and
tour for this question, the researcher concluded that
there are similarities from the respondents and the
researcher when it comes to likes about the course.
Page 25
The second question is, “Do you know other schools
that offer the same course as you do? Which one is
better?:, 60% of the respondents answered Mariners
Polytechnic Colleges but for the researcher, the
researcher wanted to explore more and look for other
schools, because the researcher would want to show the
ability of competitiveness in a good way. In conclusion,
the researcher wanted to have a school that can bring
out the best of the researcher.
The third question was “Except for tourism, what

other courses do you know that can also apply to this
job?”, 80% answered any course would do, the researcher
concludes that it is possible for the researcher to take
other courses before applying for the job of a flight
attendant.
The fourth question is “After graduating in the

course, in what airlines would you prefer to apply?”,
the respondents answered differently, the respondents
preferred airlines that are well-known in the world, as
a conclusion it is better to apply in all of the
airlines to have a lot of options and more chances of
winning.
The fifth question was “Do you know the salary of a

flight attendant? What's the range of it?”, the
respondents don’t really know the exact amount of salary
of a flight attendant but the respondents answered that
it depends on the airline company, the researcher now
concludes that it really depends on the company and how
well you are doing in the job.
The sixth question was “What training is necessary

for the job?”, the respondents answered a variety of
answers but the answer that struck the attention of the
researcher was “Personal Development”, this is the
training that a flight attendant must take in order to
communicate well with his/her co-workers and especially
the customers, as a conclusion, it is also important to
develop the future flight attendants behavior or
personality in order to work longer in the industry.
The seventh question was “How would you manage your
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time between school and personal life?”, 100% of the
respondents answered Time Management, the researcher
concludes that in every work or job done, all shall be
able to manage the time well if that happens, the person
is effective.
For the eighth question, “What's the most

important thing you should learn about taking this
course?”, 40% answered Communication skills, being the
common answers of the respondents, but as the
researcher, the answer that caught the researcher’s
attention was “being flexible in everything”, the
researcher can now conclude that it’s not enough if you
have good physical aspects but should also gain
flexibility in everything.
For the second to the last question, “What are the

challenges that you've faced in this course? How well
did you manage them?”, most of the respondents answered
memorizing places all over the world, as a conclusion,
there is no challenge that is easy to surpass but yet we
all should overcome it and rise up again at the end of
the day, as a future flight attendant, the researcher
will not give up on this dream job.
The last question was “Have you already

experienced riding a plane and observed what flight
attendants do? Give an example.”, 20% of the respondents
answered “Yes” and have observed what a flight attendant
is doing on a plane, they accommodate customers with all
the comfort they need, as a conclusion, the researcher
may not have an experience yet but surely will be having
one, as the researcher will make the dream come true.
The researcher can now conclude that making this

career research paper is a vital role of being a student
because this will help the researcher discover and
gather pieces of information to pursue the career.
Knowing a lot of significant benefits, schools, and a
lot more information given above motivates the
researcher in pursuing the career.
Therefore, the researcher will pursue the career

and study hard so that the researcher can be one of the
best flight attendants in the world. Nonetheless, it
will be a great challenge for the researcher to start
Page 27
the journey in the field of tourism despite the
circumstances the researcher will face in the future.
References
BMC Public Health, Estimating the health consequences of

flight attendant work: comparing flight attendant health
to the general population in a cross-sectional study,
March 23, 2018
Bureau of Local Employment, Flight Attendant, 2011
Career Trend, What Are the Advantages & Disadvantages of

Being a Flight Attendant?, December 2, 2018
Eric, Language Education and Acquisition Research

Network, Relationship between the ICAO Language
Proficiency Requirements (LPRs) and Test of English for
International Communication (TOEIC) Scores of Flight
Attendants in Thailand, June 2018
Eric, Preparing Flight Attendants for In-Flight

Psychiatric Emergencies: A Training Manual, 2011
Find University, Schools offering Tourism, Hospitality &

Culinary courses in Camarines Sur, 2013
Microsoft Academic, Miscarriage among flight attendants,

2015
Online Library, Social movements, the occupational arena

and changes in career consciousness: The case of women
flight attendants, September 17, 2007
Science Direct, An examination of the consequences of

corporate social responsibility in the airline industry:
Work engagement, career satisfaction, and voice
behavior, March 2017
Science Direct, The antecedents and consequences of job

stress of flight attendants – Evidence from Taiwan, July
2011
Scientific Research, Flight Attendants’ Emotional Labor
Page 28
and Exhaustion in the Taiwanese Airline Industry, 2009
The Balance Careers, How to Become a Flight Attendant,

November 20, 2019

HOW DO I CHOOSE A CAREER RESEARCH TOPIC?

In choosing a career research topic, try to consider and reflect on what possible
career/s you want to pursue. You cannot just choose any job based on how easy it is to
research it ro what your family or friends tell you. You have to be able to explain why
that career is your choice. You should have a basis for your decision such as your
current or potential skill set, personality, behavior, and actual interests. As much as you
want to avoid jobs that won't challenge you, you should also avoid jobs that are too
difficult to research on. At one point, you will need to talk to a person in that industry.
Choosing an uncommon job, such as an astronaut or geophysicist, might make it
impossible for you to get primary data.

After reflecting on what career/s you are going to pursue, you should already
have several candidates for your research topic. With each career choice in mind, go
through the following checklist. Compare your answers for each career. This is not a
definitive way of identifying your research topic, but it will help you organize your
thoughts. Use your notebook

QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF YES NO
Is this something I see myself researching in the next 4 weeks?
Is this something I’m genuinely interested in?
Will I be able to find people working in this field?
Will I be able to find schools that offer a course that will do this
job?
Is this a realistic career path for me?
Is this my choice and no one else’s?

Page 29
CITED SOURCES
Brisco, M. (n.d.). ALEX Lesson Plan: Your English Mentor: How to Write a
Career Research Paper. Retrieved March 20, 2016, from
http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=5680
Career Research Paper Outline. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2016, from Springfield Public
Schools
CollegeLax. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2016, from

http://www.collegelax.us/howtowriteawellresearchedcareeressay
On the Importance of Writing Research Papers. (n.d.). Retrieved

March 20, 2016, from
http://www.drabruzzi.com/importance_of_writing%20research%20
papers.htm
The Research Paper. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2016, from

http://www.webster.edu/academicresourcecenter/writingcenter/writingtp
s/research.html

Page 30

Page 31


Title Wiki: Guidelines on How to Critique a Research Paper
Timeline Week 1-2
Objectives Learn how to critique a research paper by reading the wiki

1. To help you in answering the following milestone, you need information on how
to critique a research paper.

2. Read the wiki entitled, "Guidelines on How to Critique a Research Paper". Make
sure that you read it very carefully. Repeat reading the wiki until you understand
all the concepts.

Google.

Page 32

Guidelines on How to Critique a
Research Paper

A critique is a systematic way of objectively reviewing a piece of research to
highlight both its strengths and weaknesses, and its applicability to practice.
Professionals often need to be able to identify the best current practice, and the ability
to evaluate and use published research is critical in achieving this. As such, it is a skill
required in many position descriptions.

WRITING THE CRITIQUE

Critical reviews for research are systematic. They begin at the title and review
each section until the reference list at the end. It is useful to ask yourself questions
about the purpose of each component of research or article, and whether it achieves
the purpose.
Some of the guidelines offered here will apply to critiques of all kinds of articles,
but each type of article may provoke questions that are especially pertinent to that type
and no other. The expansion of your critique should consist of your qualified opinion of
the article or study. Read the study you are to critique once to get an overview. Then
read it again, critically.
The following are some questions you may want to address in your critique.

THE TITLE
The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A good title
contains the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents and/or
purpose of your research paper.

The title is, without doubt, the part of a paper that is read the most, and it is
usually read first. If the title is too long it usually contains too many unnecessary
Page 33
words, e.g., "A Study to Investigate the....". On the other hand, a title that is too short
often uses words that are too general. For example, "African Politics" could be the
title of a book, but it does not provide any information on the focus of a research
paper.

Ask yourself:
● Does the title clearly indicate what the research is about, without being extremely
long or too short to be informative?
● Does it suggest a relationship between variables that supports the major
hypothesis?
● Is limited to 10 to 20 substantive words
● Does it use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words and last words
capitalized, including the first word of a subtitle? All nouns, pronouns, verbs,
adjectives, and adverbs that appear between the first and last words of the title are
also capitalized?

KEYWORDS
Some journals, articles, and research papers require keywords to help the reader

identify the main areas of focus. Are they informative and relevant?

THE ABSTRACT
An abstract summarizes, usually, in one paragraph of 300 words or less, the
major aspects of the entire paper in a prescribed sequence that includes: (1) the
overall purpose of the study and the research problem(s) you investigated; (2) the
basic design of the study; (3) major findings or trends found as a result of your
analysis; and, (4) a brief summary of your interpretations and conclusions. It
should contain enough information to enable the reader to decide whether the
article or research is interesting to them or not, so much be informative.

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Ask yourself:
● Does it explain the purpose of the paper?
● Does it explain why the research is carried out?
● What was accomplished?
● What were the main findings?
● What is the significance of the research?
● What conclusions were reached?
The abstract SHOULD NOT contain:
● Lengthy background information,

● References to other literature [say something like, "current research shows that..."
or "studies have indicated..."],
● Using ellipticals [i.e., ending with "..."] or incomplete sentences,
● Abbreviations, jargon, or terms that may be confusing to the reader, and
● Any sort of image, illustration, figure, or table, or references to them.
THE INTRODUCTION:

The introduction serves the purpose of leading the reader from a general

subject area to a particular field of research. It establishes the context of the
research being conducted by summarizing current understanding and
background information about the topic, stating the purpose of the work in the
form of the hypothesis, question, or research problem, briefly explaining your
rationale, methodological approach, highlighting the potential outcomes your
study can reveal, and describing the remaining structure of the paper.

Ask yourself:
● What was the study about? Did I get a firm sense of what was done
in the research or study?
● Does it explain why this topic was important to investigate?
● Is the problem important enough to justify the research?
● Is the background of the research relevant to the research question?

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THE LITERATURE REVIEW:

A literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources

relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing,
providing a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works. Literature
reviews are designed to provide an overview of sources you have explored while
researching a particular topic and to demonstrate to your readers how your
research fits into the larger field of study.

Ask yourself:
● Does the literature review provide an overview of the subject, issue,
or theory under consideration, along with the objectives of the
literature review?
● Does the literature review explain how each work is similar to and
how it varies from the others?
● Is there convincing evidence to support the assertion?
● Does it reveal the gaps in the knowledge which this research will fill?

THE AIM:
The aim must be clearly stated, focused on one main idea, and should convey
the main purpose of the study.
Ask yourself: Do you have a clear idea of what the study tried to achieve?

THE RESEARCHER DESIGN (Also known as the Methodology Section)
This section should clearly state what the researcher did and how it was done,
allowing the reader to evaluate the methods used, the consistency, the reliability
of the study, its validity, and whether it could be replicated. As a minimum, there
should be a brief synopsis of the approach taken. Once the research method is
established, the reader can critique the research design for methodological rigor.

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The method section of the research design usually has subsections that describe
the participants, the materials, and the procedure. The detail should be sufficient to
clearly explain the research design, without excessive detail, so that no questions
remain.

● Participants or sample: The number of participants, their characteristics, and the
selection process used should be described. Do the participants represent the
research well? If any participants did not complete the study, this should be explained.
Details such as any payments made to participants and details of major demographic
information should be made evident, for example, geographical location, gender, age,
affiliation with any institutions, etc.
● Ethics clearance: The process of obtaining ethics clearance and how ethical standards
were maintained should be clear.
● Use of Apparatus: If any apparatus were used it should be briefly identified and
described, and its function in the research explained. If any apparatus obtained or
donated by a commercial source, this must be stated.
● Procedure: Each step in the research procedure should be explained. This includes any
instructions to the participants, the formation of groups, and any experimental
manipulations. Any control features in the research design should be stated.

Ask yourself:
● Is there a clear rationale for the chosen research approach, methods, and/
or instruments used?
● Is the research method appropriate for the research question?
● Was the collection of data appropriate for the research question?
● Is there enough information concerning the participants?
● What were the ethical considerations for the research and the participants?
● Were the methods and/ or instruments described in enough detail?
● Were any ambiguous terms used?
● Is the method deemed reliable and valid?
● Are any limitations of the study discussed?

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DATA ANALYSIS (Also known as the Results and Findings Section)
This section should contain a summary of the data collected and the main results
and findings, in enough detail so that the reader can understand how the conclusions
that are drawn later in the article/research have been reached. In qualitative research,
illustrated samples of data are frequently used. In quantitative data, individual scores
or raw data are not discussed. All the relevant data, including that which runs counter
to the hypothesis, should be discussed.
Table and figure should be used for a clear representation of data. ( In
the discussion section, this data should be discussed in the text, not as data.)
The reader should be made clear as to what the data provided means and why
it is important.

Ask yourself:
● Were the steps involved in the data analysis explained and the
strategies justified?
● Was the data analysis rigorous enough to substantiate the claims?
● Were all data taken into account? If not, why not?
● Are the presented results relevant to the research question?
● Do the table and graphs (if any) make the data analysis clear?
● Can one determine what statistical test produced the result?

THE DISCUSSION:
In this section, the implication of the research results is evaluated and
interpreted in relation to the research question. This is where the findings and the
selected theoretical come together. The discussion should contain a clear statement
of support or otherwise of the original hypothesis or research question. The results of
this study and those of other studies should be discussed, and any suggestions for
improvement or further research are made here.

Page 38

General Rules
These are the general rules you should adopt when composing your discussion of the

results:
● Do not be verbose or repetitive.

● Be concise and make your points clear.
● Avoid using jargon.
● Follow a logical stream of thought.
● Use the present verb tense, especially for established facts; however, refer to
specific works and references in the past tense.

Ask yourself:
● Have the results been interpreted in relation to the research question and
aims?
● Have the results been discussed with reference to the research question,
hypothesis( if applicable), and theoretical or conceptual framework?
● Did the research highlight the most important results?
● Have the results been used to support or refute the results of the studies?
● How relevant and useful are the results to practice?

CONCLUSION:
The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your research
should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not
merely a summary of your points or a re-statement of your research problem but a
synthesis of key points. For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient
for a conclusion, although in some cases, a two-or-three paragraph conclusion may be
required.

Page 39
General Rules
When writing the conclusion to your paper, follow these general rules:
● State your conclusions in clear, simple language.

● Do not simply reiterate your results or the discussion.
● Indicate opportunities for future research, as long as you haven't already done
so in the discussion section of your paper.
The function of your paper's conclusion is to restate the main argument. It reminds
the reader of the strengths of your main argument(s) and reiterates the most
important evidence supporting those argument(s). Make sure, however, that your
conclusion is not simply a repetitive summary of the findings because this reduces
the impact of the argument(s) you have developed in your essay.
Consider the following points to help ensure your conclusion is appropriate:
1. If the argument or point of your paper is complex, you may need to summarize
the argument for your reader.
2. If prior to your conclusion, you have not yet explained the significance of your
findings, or if you are proceeding inductively, use the end of your paper to
describe your main points and explain their significance.
3. Move from a detailed to a general level of consideration that returns the topic
to the context provided by the introduction or within a new context that
emerges from the data.

Ask yourself:
● Have conclusions and recommendations been drawn from the data
analysis?
● Were the main points drawn outs?
● Were fresh insights or a new perspective on the topic demonstrated?

RECOMMENDATION:
This section is the final element of the research critique which includes areas for
future research.

Ask yourself:
● Have any recommendations been made based on the research?
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● Were there any suggestions for future research in (1) Participants or
sample,(2) Use of Apparatus, and (3)Procedure?

REFERENCE LIST OR BIBLIOGRAPHY
This should contain a list of all sources referred to in the research/article (in the
case of reference list) or all sources actually accessed in the preparation for the
research/article. (in the case of bibliography).

Ask yourself:
● Have all the sources cited clearly and with full bibliographic details provided?
● Has a wide range of works in the field been referred to?
● Does the list contain both seminal (classic) and more contemporary
literature?

Cited Sources

Flinder University. (2012) Critiquing Research Articles.
https://students.flinders.edu.au/content/dam/student/slc/critiquing-res
earch-articles.pdf

Sacred Heart University l Library. (2020) Organizing Academic Research Papers.
https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803

Page 41


Title MILESTONE: Critique a Research Paper
Timeline Week 3-4
Demonstrate understanding of (1)the importance of research in daily life and

Objectives

(2) the characteristics, processes, and ethics of research

Materials ● Wiki: Guidelines on How to Critique a Research Paper
● Compilation of Research Papers
● RUBRIC: Critique a Research Paper (Basic Research)
● TEMPLATE: Critique a Research Paper
● Long-size bond paper

Instructions:

1. Before you start with this milestone, you must read first the WIKI: Guidelines in
Critiquing a Research Paper.

2. In this milestone, you will have to choose only one (1) career research paper that you

would like to critique.
(Note: There are three (3) sample career research papers provided for you below on the annex
section.)

3. Once you have chosen a career research paper that you would like to critique from
the options provided, it's time to start gathering the materials needed.

4. Using the guidelines, state your comments, and critique your chosen sample career
research paper. Kindly follow the template on the next page.

5. For you to be guided, evaluate your output using the RUBRIC: Critique a Research
Paper (Basic Research).

Page 42
6. You may write it in a long-size bond paper. Make sure to label your document
properly by putting your full name, strand/section, subject, learning facilitator’s name,
and SHS Department.

E.g. May Ann M. Serrano
ABM A
LF: Juancho Martiniano V. Romero
SHS Department

7. After accomplishing the activity, submit your paper to the drop-off area on or before
the given schedule.
(Note: Time and date will be given by your learning facilitator through text message.)
Optional: Take a photo of your answered notebook or paper, then submit it to your learning
facilitator via Facebook messenger.

8. You may consult your learning facilitator if needed.

TEMPLATE: Critique a Research Paper

Name: ____________________________
Section: ____________________

( Title of the chosen Career Research to be critique)

Critique a STRENGTH WEAKNESS IMPROVEMENT
( Describe what is ( Describe what is ( how to improve the
Research Paper lapses.)
good/strength about..) bad/weakness about..)
1. Preliminary Section
Example: Example: Example:
The author was able to The author was able to formulate - Keep it short, simple, and
- clearly indicate what the study an informative title yet it is straight to the point.
or research is all about and; extremely long and creates a - Avoid formulating obvious or
Title
- state the relationships of the negative impression on the non-specific openings with a
variable. reader. conjunction.
For example, “Report on”, “A
Study of”, “Results of”, etc.
Abstract
Introduction
2. Background Research and Methodology
Page 43
The Literature Review
Methodology
3. Results and Discussion
Results/Findings
The Discussion
4. Culminating Section
Conclusion &
Recommendation
Reference List or
Bibliography

RUBRIC: Critique a Research Paper (Basic Research)
Critique a Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
Research
Paper (Beginning) (Developing) (Intermediate) (Proficient)
I was able to provide

unclear, short and I was able to I was able to
I was able to
there are 4 or more provide a provide a clear,
provide unclear,
inaccurate somewhat clear, detailed, and
Clarity of short and there are
evaluations of the not detailed but accurate
content 1-3 inaccurate
study, accurate evaluation of the
evaluation of the
evaluation of the study.
study
Or I did not provide study.
any evaluation at all.
I was able to cite the
strengths and
I was able to
weaknesses, but I I was able to cite
I was able to cite completely cite the
missed out 4-5 parts the strengths and
the strengths and strengths and
Evaluation of of the study weaknesses, but I
weaknesses, but I weaknesses of the
the study missed out 1 part
missed out 2-3 study.
Or I was not able to of the study
parts of the study
cite the strengths and

weaknesses of the
study at all.
Page 44
I was able to provide
I was able to I was able to
an unclear, short, and I was able to
provide an unclear, provide a
relevant suggestion, provide a clear,
Recommenda short, and relevant somewhat clear,
but I missed out 4-5 detailed, and
tion to the suggestion, but I detailed, and
part of the study, relevant
study missed out 2-3 part relevant suggestion,
suggestion to all
of the study but I missed out 1
Or I did not provide parts of the study
part of the study
any suggestion at all.

Page 45

Section 2
Data Analysis

OVERVIEW OF THE SECTION
The goal of this section is to help you explore and deepen your understanding of data
analysis and its importance in research.
LEARNING OUTCOME(S)
At the end of the section, you should be able to:
❏ Demonstrate understanding of (1) the criteria in selecting, citing, and
synthesizing related literature and (2) ethical standards in writing-related
literature

❏ Demonstrate understanding of (1) guidelines in making conclusions and
recommendations, (2) techniques in listing references, and (3) the process of
report writing
SECTION OUTLINE

Wiki: Research Paper Il Week 4-5

Wiki: Analysing Data Week 4-5

Wiki: Conclusion and Recommendation Week 4-5
FINAL OUTPUT: Data Analysis Week 6-8

Page 46

Section 2: Data Analysis

Title Wiki: Research Paper II
Timeline Week 4-5
Demonstrate how to come up with a detailed outline of a career research paper

Objectives

by reading the wiki

1. To help you in answering the following activities and milestone, you need
information on how to come up with a detailed outline of a career research paper

2. Read the wiki entitled, Research Paper II". Make sure that you
read it very carefully. Repeat reading the wiki until you understand all the
concepts.

Google.

a. What is Research Planning?
b. How do you know what questions to ask?

paper. Your title should be WIKI: Research Paper 2. Make sure to label your
document properly by putting your full name, strand/section, subject,learning
facilitator’’s name, and SHS Department.

E.g. Marwen B. Menorca
STEM A
LF: Maria Christine B. Rubio
SHS Department

Page 47
Research Paper ll
WHAT IS A RESEARCH PAPER?
A research paper is a piece of analytical writing, an essay in which you survey
what experts know or have said about a topic and then compare or synthesize their
thoughts with your own insights or opinions. A research paper gives you the opportunity
to contribute to a field, to add your voice to the ongoing conversation. How do you do
that? By presenting your own analysis, interpretation, or argument backed up with solid
evidence gleaned from your research.
A career research paper is a specific type of research document. Career research
papers are meant to give you a better and more accurate evaluation of the career that
appeals to you. Because of this, some parts of a traditional research paper may not be
the same for a career research paper. Writing a career research paper is usually done so
that the writer can explore a particular field of work they may be interested in.

WHY DO I NEED TO LEARN HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH PAPER?

Writing a research paper is an exercise through which you learn: (1) how to
research a topic, (2) how to think critically about that topic, and (3) how to coherently
express your understanding, analysis, and conclusions about the topic to someone else
who may or may not be as informed on the subject as you are. The more you write
quality essays and papers in college and the more you work to improve your research
and writing skills, the better your writing and your analytical skills will become.

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF A CAREER RESEARCH PAPER?

Aside from the cover page and table of contents, these are the required parts:
Abstract
This should contain 12 paragraphs that summarize your entire paper, including the
conclusion. Write this last.
Introduction
This should describe your objectives and background. Answer these guide questions:
What are your career goals? Why are those your career goals? Growing up, what
influenced you in choosing a dream job? What were the top 6 jobs on your list? How did
you finally select your research topic?
Page 48
Scope and Limitations
This should describe what the research paper is and what it’s not. Answer these guide
questions: What is the purpose of this research paper? What is the topic? What are the
subtopics? Where was your data gathered (as a whole)? What is the time period of the
study? What is NOT included in the research paper? Who will benefit from the research
paper?
Review of Related Literature

This should contain all your findings from online and print media. Copy all summary
statements and graphs that you got from online and print media and paste them here.
Methods and Results

This should contain a description of HOW you gathered data from primary sources.
Describe your process, including the email that you sent, who you sent it to, how you
selected your respondents, etc. Afterward, copy all summary statements and graphs
that you got from primary sources and paste them here.
Conclusion
This should contain 12 paragraphs that will conclude your research paper. Answer the
following guide questions: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen
career, in your own words? What are the most interesting things you discovered about
the chosen career? Is this career still something that you want to pursue – why or why
not?
Bibliography
This contains all the sources that you used in your research paper. There is a specific
format for the bibliography. See How to Cite Sources below.

HOW DO I USE GOOGLE DOCS TO WRITE A RESEARCH PAPER?

How to Format Headings
When creating documents, you shouldn't manually modify headings by making the font
bigger and bolder. You should use Paragraph Styles. Doing this will make adding Tables
of Contents easier.
To format headings, select the section heading. Click on the dropdown menu to the left
of Font Styles. Select either of the following: Title, Subtitles, Heading 14. All regular text
should be Normal. All non-regular text, such as titles, subtitles, headings, and
subheadings should be marked properly.

Page 49
CITED SOURCES

Brisco, M. (n.d.). ALEX Lesson Plan: Your English Mentor: How to Write a Career
Research Paper. Retrieved March 20, 2016, from
http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=5680
Career Research Paper Outline. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2016, from Springfield
Public Schools CollegeLax. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2016, from
http://www.collegelax.us/howtowriteawell researchedcareeressay
On the Importance of Writing Research Papers. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2016, from
http://www.drabruzzi.com/importance_of_writing research papers.htm

Page 50


Title Wiki: Analysing Data
Timeline Week 4-5
Gain awareness of the two di erent forms of data and be given guides and examples
Objectives

of what they need to produce for the activity by reading the wiki

1. To help you in accomplishing the final output you need information on two
different forms of data and be given guides and examples of what they need to
produce for the activity.

2. Read the wiki entitled, "Analysing Data". Make sure that you
concepts.

Google.

5. What is data?
6. Why do you think it is important to gather data?
7. Do you think it is easy to gather and interpret data? Why or why not?

paper. Your title should be WIKI: Analysing Data. Make sure to label your
document properly by putting your full name, strand/section, subject,learning
facilitator’’s name, and SHS Department.

E.g. Maria Christine B. Rubio
STEM A
LF: Marwen B. Menorca
SHS Department

Page 51

Analyzing Data

WHAT IS DATA ANALYZING?

This is the part of the research process where you organize your research. After
searching for answers to your research questions, you will now create summaries
(paraphrases) and charts that will serve as your own interpretation of what you found out.
To write a summary or paraphrase:

● Read and reread your source until you understand exactly what it is saying.
● Rewrite this information in your own words and sentences so it becomes a
coherent part of your paper written in your own style.
● Make clear which are your own ideas and words and which come from another
source. Any ideas and wording which are not your own need to be documented as
to their source.

The decision to create a summary or a chart out of your data depends on its type.
There are two types of data: qualitative data and quantitative data. Read the definitions
here: Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Data

If the answers to your questions aren't numbers, that doesn't necessarily make them
qualitative data. For example, if you conduct a survey on how happy Fashion Retailers are
and you gather the following data:

Fashion Retailer 1: Very Happy
Fashion Retailer 2: Happy
Fashion Retailer 3: Happy
Fashion Retailer 4: Unhappy
Fashion Retailer 5: Very Unhappy
Fashion Retailer 6: Very Happy

While the descriptors are qualitative in nature because they are DESCRIPTIVE, this is
still considered quantitative data. You can consider the data in this way:
Very Happy: 2

Happy: 2
Unhappy: 1
Very Unhappy: 1

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You can then create a chart out of this data. If, however, you have this information...
Fashion Retailer 1 is happy with her job. She finds joy in designing clothes, shopping for
fabric, sewing, and talking to clients. She does not enjoy communicating with suppliers as
much. The pros outweigh the cons, which makes her generally happy with the profession.

WHY DO I NEED TO LEARN HOW TO ANALYZE DATA?

The ability to summarize and paraphrase is an essential academic skill. Summaries
and paraphrasing help substantiate ideas in research papers without the need to quote
every word from the source material.

A summary condenses the main ideas of all or part of a source in your own words.
A paraphrase is a rewording of a particular point from a source.

You can be accused of plagiarism if you change only a few words from the original
source and use that as your summary or paraphrase. Be careful to use your own words
and sentences.

By transferring information into graphs and charts it allows individuals to visualize
the info, which helps them understand it better.

A pie chart is used if you want to show the PARTS of a WHOLE. It is used to
represent how large of the population belongs to certain groups. If you have a shoe
collection and you want to make a pie chart that shows the colors of all the shoes, you can
do that. The whole, or the entire pie, represents your entire shoe collection. Each slice of
the pie represents a color. The size of the slices depends on how many of each colored
shoe you have.

A bar or column chart is used if you want to compare the quantities of DIFFERENT
OBJECTS. These objects do not need to belong to a single group. For example, you can
compare your shoes to your number of bags, pants, and tshirts. They do not belong to a
whole, since they are of different categories. That's why instead of a pie chart, we use a
bar or column chart. A bar chart has horizontal bars while a column chart has vertical
bars.
A line graph is used to measure the quantity of ONE OBJECT over a PERIOD OF
TIME. It's similar to a column chart because the Yaxis (the vertical line) is for quantities.
However, instead of the Xaxis (the horizontal line) being for different objects or categories,
you have different dates (or times). You are representing only one object. By measuring its
quantity over a period of time, you begin to see a trend.

If you want to compare different objects over a PERIOD OF TIME, you will need to have two
lines of different colors. That way, your line chart functions as a bar chart, but it also has
the element of time so that you can see the trend of TWO OBJECTS or CATEGORIES.
Page 53
Those are the three commonly used charts for your data.

HOW TO CREATE A SUMMARY STATEMENTS?
Here are some examples of questions and answers that are turned to summary
statements/paragraphs:
Question:
What schools offer a Bachelor of Science in Accountancy and what are their tuition fees?
Answer:
Jose Rizal University: P50,000/year

University of Sto. Tomas: P100,000/year
University of the Philippines: P40,000/year
University of San Carlos: P80,000/year
De La Salle University: P130,000/year

Summary Statements/Paragraphs:
Almost all colleges and universities in the Philippines offer this course. I was able to
gather data on 4 universities. These are Jose Rizal University, University of Sto. Tomas,
University of the Philippines, University of San Carlos, and De La Salle University. Four of
these are located in the NCR while one is located in Cebu. The tuition fees are P50,000,
P100,000, P40,000, P80,000, and P130,000, respectively. That makes the average yearly
cost of this course P80,000. Compared to other courses, the cost is the same. The only
difference is that after college, a typical graduate would need to enroll in a review center,
which will cost an additional amount.

Question:
What are the skills and talents needed to become a successful fashion retailer?
Answer:
Respondent 1: communication skills, patience, attention to detail
Respondent 2: keen fashion sense, perseverance, interpersonal skills
Summary Statements/Paragraphs:
I asked two respondents what they believed are the most important skills and talents for
aspiring fashion retailers. Both of them mentioned communication or interpersonal skills.
To be a successful fashion retailer, one must know how to communicate properly with
suppliers and clients. When they buy raw materials from suppliers, they need to
communicate their needs well. When they talk to clients, they need to have strong
interpersonal skills so that they will become regular customers. Aside from
communication skills, aspiring fashion retailers need patience and perseverance.
Designing clothes or finding the right clothes and selling them is a long process. You have
Page 54
to be patient enough to go through the process in order to reap the rewards. Aside from
that, fashion retailers need to have a keen fashion sense and attention to detail. This
makes them avoid mistakes that could endanger the business. This also gives them an
advantage over other retailers who simply sell clothes for profit.

CITED SOURCES
Insert a Chart in Google Docs

http://www.alicekeeler.com/teachertech/2012/02/14/insertingchartsintoagoogledoc/
A stepbystep tutorial on how to insert charts/graphs to a Google Docs document.
How to Paraphrase
http://content.easybib.com/guides/students/researchguide/paraphrasingpatchwritingdir
ect quotes/howtoparaphrase/
A guide on how to paraphrase, with examples of good and bad paraphrases.
Writing Summaries and Paraphrases. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2016, from
https://www.esc.edu/onlinewritingcenter/resources/research/researchpapersteps/summ
aries paraphrases/

Page 55


Title Wiki: Conclusion And Recommendation
Timeline Week 4-5
Gain awareness of the two di erent forms of data and be given guides and examples
Objectives

of what they need to produce for the activity by reading the wiki

Research papers have several parts. Each part plays a very important role when
it comes to educating your readers. The focus of this WIKI is the conclusion and
recommendation part of the research paper.

1. Read the wiki entitled, "Conclusion And Recommendation". Make sure that you
concepts.

Google.

a. What Is A Conclusion And Recommendation Chapter?
b. How To Write A Good Conclusion?
c. How To Write A Good Recommendation?

paper. Your title should be WIKI: Conclusion And Recommendation. Make sure
to label your document properly by putting your full name, strand/section,
subject,learning facilitator’’s name, and SHS Department

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Conclusion and
Recommendation

BRIEF BACKGROUND

Students are bound to eventually write a lot of papers during their time in school,
most especially in high school and college. However, research papers are the ultimate
and most important paperwork that they have to accomplish. Research papers tend to
be their final paper in order to accomplish a subject or even to earn a degree. Among
the parts of a research paper, the most underrated part is the conclusions and
recommendation part. There are very few discussions about them as most literature
would focus on the methodology and data analysis part. Nonetheless, the conclusion
and recommendation part is of equal importance. They are important in a way that they
give an impact on the minds of the readers. So it is very important that the conclusion
and recommendation part of your research paper are well written.

WHAT IS A CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION CHAPTER?

A research paper conclusion chapter is not like the usual conclusion you make in
your academic papers. The conclusion part of your research work should consist of the
overall summary of all the literature or data you have gathered, analyzed and
interpreted. Whatever you have written in your literature should be written concisely in
your conclusion. To simply put it, readers must not be reading repetition of everything
that you have presented in all the other parts of your research paper. A good conclusion
is a combination of all the facts/data you have written in the main part of your research
paper. A good conclusion is being able to explain the gist of your study without
excluding the major facts or figures.

The recommendation part of a research paper is simply where you can put all the
possible recommendations you can give to your readers as well as future researchers.
These recommendations will help future researchers on how they can improve or work
on something you, as a researcher, missed ro failed to do.

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HOW TO WRITE A GOOD CONCLUSION?
Here are a few points you should keep in mind while writing a research paper
conclusion:

1. Stick to the Question
Remember to provide answers to your research problems in your conclusion part.
Explain all the problems you have mentioned in the course of your research work. Make
sure to provide your readers the answers to these research problems. This will give your
readers a sense of satisfaction as you were able to provide them complete answers to
the problems you mentioned in your research paper. You do not want to leave your
readers hanging.

2. Hypothesis
For research papers, you have your hypothesis wherein you try to assume or
propose an idea that can be tested if it is true. You should remember to address this in
your conclusion. This is also the part wherein you confirm or reject your hypothesis.
This is where you give your final say about your hypothesis.

3. Information
As a researcher, you must always remember that your conclusion is the summary
of the whole literature that you have. You should be consistent from start to finish. This
simply means that you should avoid introducing new information or new ideas in your
conclusion. This will add confusion to your readers as they are waiting for your final
statement with regards to your research problems and hypothesis.

4. Say No to Examples
This is just the same as not introducing new facts or information. Remember
again, you have already presented in detail your literature or all the data you have
gathered, analyzed and interpreted. So there is no need to present examples in your
conclusion.

5. No to First Person Point of View

Because your conclusion is all about the summary of your previously mentioned
facts, remember to use the first person point of view while writing. You are just simply
drawing a conclusion and given your final statement considering everything that you
have presented in your literature. Try to avoid giving your personal opinion. This is the
reason why you need to avoid using the first person point of view.
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6. Know the Difference between Conclusion and Result
It is very important that you distinguish what a conclusion and a result is. They
obviously are way different from each other. Do not put your results in the conclusion.
Results are simply meant for the result part of your research paper. Conclusion is where
you can discuss your results in general and deliver your final statement about it.

HOW TO WRITE A GOOD RECOMMENDATION ?

Your research paper needs to include suggestions for future research. Here are
some important reminders on how you can write a good recommendation part or
section of your research paper.

1. Building upon findings of your research.
This is particularly related to the findings of your study that you did not anticipate. This
means that you can suggest to future researchers to address the unanswered aspect of
your research problem.

2. Addressing limitations of your research.
Your research will always have limitations as there are things that you cannot actually
control. Your limitations may relate to formulation of your aims and objectives,
application of data collection method, sample size, interview questions, demographic
profiles, etc. You can propose to future researchers to address the limitations you have
identified in your study.

3. Constructing the same research in a new context, location and/or culture.
Normally, you have addressed your research problem with the settings such as specific
content, location or culture. In your recommendation, you can simply propose to
conduct the research in a different setting, connect, location or culture.

4. Re-assessing and expanding theory, framework or model you have addressed in
your research.
Future studies can address the effects of specific events, emergence of new theories or
evidence and/or other recent phenomenon on your research problem.

5. Be brief and concise.

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Remember, your recommendation is the last part of your research paper. You would not
want your readers to go through a rigorous time of reading through your document
again. Be brief and go directly to the point. State what is needed to be addressed.

CITED SOURCES
Unliresearchers (September 2018). How to Write a Thesis Conclusion and Recommendation

Chapter? Unliresearchers. United Kingdom. Retrieved from
https://uniresearchers.co.uk/blogs/thesis-conclusion-and-recommendation-chapter/
Suggestions for Future Research. Business Research Methodology. Retrieved from

https://research-methodology.net/research-methodology/suggestions-future-research/

Page 60


Title FINAL OUTPUT: Data Analysis
Timeline Week 6-8
Demonstrate understanding of (1) guidelines in making conclusions and

Objectives recommendations, (2) techniques in listing references, and (3) the process of
report writing
Tools Notebooks and pen, Wiki: Analyzing Data, and Wiki: Research Paper Il

Data analysis is defined as a process of cleaning, transforming, and modeling data
to discover useful information for decision-making. The purpose of Data Analysis is to
extract useful information from data and take the decision based upon the data analysis.
In your final output you will analyze a provided data and create a conclusion and
recommendations.

Materials:
● WIKI: Analyzing the Data
● Compilation of Research Papers
● RUBRIC: Data Analysis (Basic Research)
● TEMPLATE: Final Output
● Notebook and pen
● Long-size bond paper

Instructions:

1. Before you start your final output, you must read first the WIKI: Analyzing
the Data
2. After reading the aforementioned WIKI, choose one (1) research paper
below on the annex section to be accomplished as your final output.
3. Read and understand the content of your chosen research paper
particularly the collected data that you are going to analyze.
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4. A template is provided after the instructions page. Please use the
template in making your final output.
5. Before you start, take time to read and understand the Rubric: Data
Analysis provided next to the templates page.

6. Here are some guide questions to help you in doing your final output:

● What is the research paper all about?
● What are the research questions to be answered?
● What data is available to answer these research questions?
● How will you summarize the data (results)? What is the appropriate
diagram to use?
● What does the result show? What does it tell you?
● What conclusion can you draw or get from the results?
● Is there something you want to recommend to your readers or
future researchers who plans to do the same research?

7. You may write it in a long-size bond paper. Make sure to label your
document properly by putting your full name, strand/section, subject,
learning facilitator’s name, and SHS Department.

E.g. May Ann M. Serrano
ABM A
LF: Juancho Martiniano V. Romero
SHS Department

8. If you have questions and concerns, don’t hesitate to call your teacher.
9. Submit it to the drop-off area on or before the given schedule.
(NOTE: For the date and time it will be given by your facilitator)
Page 62

TEMPLATE : DATA ANALYSIS

Name:________________________________________ Course:_______________________________
Strand & Section:______________________________ Learning Facilitator:___________________

Research Title: Put here the Title of your Chosen Research Paper.
Researchers Name: Put here the Author’s Name of your Chosen Research Paper.

Analysis of Results
In analyzing the gathered data make sure that it’s clear, detailed and specific. Please do
not provide analysis that is not connected to the research question/topic. You are
advised to use a diagram to clearly present your analysis. Don’t forget to provide a
summary of the results. You may review the provided sample research for your
Milestone: Critiquing a Research Paper for your reference in making your analysis.
Please take note that you should analyze the gathered data for every research
question/topic.

Conclusion
Before you start formulating your conclusion, please go through the research paper’s
content, review the goals of the author, the collected data, and your analysis. Please
make sure to discuss if the author was able to attain his/her goal. Formulate
conclusions for every question/topic based on your analysis. You may review the
provided sample research for your Milestone: Critiquing a Research Paper for your
reference in making your analysis.

Page 63

Recommendations
In formulating a recommendation you must ensure that it’ll be helpful for the next
researcher. A recommendation must be about the completeness, clarity and reliability of
the collected data. You can also provide practical tips on how to conduct efficient and
convenient research. Don’t forget to address your recommendation to the future
researchers.

Page 64

RUBRIC: DATA ANALYSIS
CRITERION LEVEL
Level 4. I was able to provide a complete and logical

analysis of the collected data.

Level 3. I was able to provide a complete but there are 1-3
illogical analysis of the collected data

Level 2. I was able to provide an incomplete and illogical
60%
analysis of collected data.
Analysis of Data

or I missed analyzing 1 - 3 of the collected data and there
are more than 4 illogical analyses provided.
Level 1. I was not able to provide an analysis at all.
Level 4. I was able to formulate clear and realistic

conclusions in every research question provided.

Level 3. I was able to formulate clear and somewhat
realistic conclusions in the research questions provided.

20%
Or I missed providing a conclusion for 1 - 2 research
Conclusion questions and there are 1 - 2 unrealistic conclusions in the
research question provided.
Level 2. I was able to formulate a conclusion but there were

more than 3 unclear and unrealistic conclusions in the
research questions provided.
Level 1. I was not able to formulate any conclusion at all.
Level 4. I was able to provide a clear and realistic

recommendation based on the collected and analyzed data.

And the recommendation I provided is for the consumption
of the future researcher in order to produce an efficient and
practical type of study.

Level 3. I was able to provide a clear but there are 1 - 2
recommendations that are unrealistic and are not practical
Page 65
20% for the future researcher’s consumption.
Recommendation
Level 2. I was able to provide recommendations but there
are more than 3 recommendations that are unrealistic and
are not practical for the future researcher’s consumption.
Level 1. I was not able to formulate any clear and practical

recommendations at all.

Page 66

Annex for MILESTONE: Critique a Research Paper

Sample Research 1.
FUTURE LICENSE PROFESSIONAL TEACHER

In partial fulfillment for practical Research 1
JOSHUA ANDREY A. DOCE

Researcher

March 2020
Page 67
Introduction
Students nowadays are having a troublesome time on what

profession they should take for their future because it is
very hard to settle in on a career path. In choosing a
profession you can’t avoid some factors and considerations
that will give you a hard time to choose. (I.e Parents,
Passion, Salary, Practicality etc.) But these factors and
considerations can be changed only by the beholder.
Teaching is one of the practical professions for a

student that has good communication, facilitating,
collaboration, management, hands-on, etc. qualities and skill
of being a teacher.
Teachers, educators, pedagogues are the fortitudes of

the society. They play a big role in raising students to
reach their purpose in life. A student cannot move forward
without studying. That is why the teachers are there to help
the student conquer the things they want to achieve in the
future.
The researcher underwent a number of career assessments.

The researcher got a lot of feasible professions that suit
the researcher’s competence, particularly film director,
public speaker, counselor, singer, fashion designer, etc.,
however the researcher stays to its decision to choose a
teacher as a career and qualitative topic.
The study will help those who will take teaching as

their profession in gaining knowledge about the path that
they will be taking.
The following are the questions that the researcher used

to ask the respondents.
1. What are your effective strategies in preparing the

licensure exam for teachers?
2. What makes you happy in that job?
3. Is taking a master’s degree important?
4. Do you have any strategies for teaching?
5. What kind of teacher are you?
6. What is your most stressful experience and how were you
able to handle it?
7. Is the salary you are receiving right now sufficient for
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your monthly expenses?
8. As a professional, are you growing in that job? 9. How
were you able to manage your time between work and personal
life?
10. What are your affirmations, mantra, or quote that you
lived by in that job? Why?
The motive of this research is to know the certainty and

sights of being an educator. The research will adhere to the
information about the profession to know how to become a
teacher and what is being a teacher.
The researcher gathered data from different online

sources such as google scholar, academia, etc. as for the
primary data. The researcher surveyed nine teaching
professionals at the secondary level, both male and female at
the age of 21-31 that are taught in the institution of the
University of Nueva Caceres.
This research covers becoming & being a Teacher in The

Philippines. All the data gathered information covers the
year 2002-2020. This research would benefit the student that
will take teaching as a profession.
This study will not discuss the different fields of a

Teacher. This study will only provide certain information
that the researcher wants to know.
The researcher gathered related literature about

becoming a teacher, being a teacher, the qualities of a
teacher, Pros & Cons, Promotions, Strategies, Master’s Degree
& Salary that will serve as a guide to the researcher’s
study.
Becoming A Teacher Related Literature
Page 69
According to Parkay (2020) In today’s climate of
accountability, high-stakes testing, and legislation such as
the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), however, becoming a
successful teacher is challenging and requires
professionalism and commitment.
According to Loughran & Menter (2019) The teaching of

teaching is sophisticated work although it is often viewed
simplistically. To challenge simplistic approaches to teacher
education, teacher educators need to actively articulate the
specialist knowledge, skills and abilities that underpin
expertise in teaching and to do so through their practice
with their students of teaching.
According to Barker (2010) New teachers who enter

classrooms for the first time do not enter them empty-handed.
They hold beliefs which have various origins and enjoy
varying degrees of sustainability over time and the
experiences they encounter. These are discussed here, both
theoretically and by means of illustrative studies. When
considering teachers over their whole careers, clear
developmental stages can be distinguished. These are shown in
the form of different models presented in the literature on
teacher training and development. The article concludes with
a brief description of pre-service teachers` profiles.
According to Selinger et al. (2010) teacher preparation

programs there is a mix of university coursework and
field(classroom/practicum)experience,which affords preservice
teachers opportunities to be both students and
teachers.
According to Waldron et al. (2009) Student teachers’

experiences of and attitudes to history, geography and
science. Liking of subjects: While there were some
differences between the two cohorts, the majority of students
from both RoI and NI colleges held positive attitudes towards
history, geography and science at the entry and exit stages.
Confidence to teach subjects: While reported levels of
confidence varied across the two cohorts, the majority of
students who participated in the study indicated that they
felt confident about teaching history, geography and science
on entry to and on exit from ITE. Perceived importance of the
subjects: The majority of students maintained history,
Page 70
geography and science were important subjects for children to
learn in primary schools. Higher levels of importance for the
subjects were expressed at the exit stage.
According to AFT Teachers (2008) New teachers

overwhelmingly say they love what they do. They say it allows
them to contribute to society and help others. And they would
choose teaching again as a career, if they had the choice.
Being A Teacher Related Literature
According to Scherer (2016) Among the many challenges

teachers face, often the most difficult is how to engage
students who seem unreachable, who resist learning
activities, or who disrupt them for others. This is also one
of the challenges that skilled teachers have some control
over. In my nine years of teaching high school, I’ve found
that one of the best approaches to engaging challenging
students is to develop their intrinsic motivation.
According to Mason et al. (2010) Teachers are not just

teachers. They are also people. In straddling issues of both
professional and personal identity, this module comes to
grips with the professional choices teachers are required to
make, and do make, in developing the knowledge, skills and
values of learners.
According to Roth (2002)Being and Becoming in the

Classroom presents a reflection established inside
educational practice, which allows us to understand the
learning process of teachers while they are immersed in their
daily work. ROTH analyzes very concrete situations that are
experienced by educators as part of their professional lives.
Thinking from a teacher's point of view, I intend to suggest
that the idea of situated knowledge, which integrates the
background of the book, can be expanded when it includes an
articulation of social conflicts.
According to Johnson, the teacher's prime directive is

to help students learn or more accurately, to create the
conditions whereby students are able to learn.
Qualities of a Teacher Related Literature
Page 71
According to Stronge The positive and negative behaviors
exhibited by teachers determine, to a great extent, their
effectiveness in the classroom and, ultimately, the impact
they have on student achievement. Several specific
characteristics of teacher responsibilities and behaviors
that contribute directly to effective teaching are listed for
each of the following categories: The teacher as a person,
Classroom management and organization , Organizing and
orienting for instruction, Implementing instruction,
Monitoring student progress and potential , and
Professionalism
Pros & Cons of Being a Teacher Related Literature
According to Bean-Mellinger (2018) Teaching is known as

"a noble profession" because of the influence a teacher can
have on children in general and those who will become
tomorrow's leaders. But teaching may be noble because of the
challenges teachers must deal with every day.
Promotions of a Teacher Related Literature
According to Robbins & Coulter (2002) Promotion can

therefore be regarded as the passage to a higher rank. In
management, promotion is one of the reinforcers of the
rewards system to help motivate employees. Other rewards
include pay, recognition, desirable work assignments,
autonomy and participation.
Strategies in Teaching Related Literature
According to School Drug Education and Road Aware (2013)

The strategies aim to promote critical and reflective
thinking, research and evaluation skills that will help
students to take positive action to protect, enhance and
advocate for their own and other’s health, wellbeing and
safety.
Master’s Degree Related Literature
Page 72
According to Laad (2015) The only consistently positive
effect of attaining a master’s degree emerging from this
study relates not to student test scores but rather to lower
student absentee rates in middle school.
Methods and Results
The researcher conducted a written survey to the nine

teaching professional respondents. The questions are all
about their preparations and career experiences as
professional educators.
1. What are your effective strategies in preparing the

licensure exam for teachers?
Figure 1
Twenty nine percent (29.0%) of the respondents say that

Taking a rest is an effective strategy in preparing for the
LET Exam. LET Review got and there is nineteen point four
percent
(19.4%) which is the last choice of strategy in preparing for
the LET Exam.
2. “What makes you happy in that job?”
Page 73
Figure 2
Forty two point two percent (42.1%) of the respondents

says that their Student makes them happy in their job to be a
teacher. There is twenty one point one percent (21.1%) on
salary, which is the last choice of them being happy in their
job.
3. Is taking a master’s degree important?
Figure 3
One hundred percent(100%)of the respondents say taking a

master's degree is important. The following are the reasons
why the respondents considered taking the master’s important;
Upgrades the content you have learned in college, improve
Page 74
learning and growth, professional improvement and development
and purpose of updating skills in counseling.
4. Do you have any strategies for teaching?”
Figure 4
One Hundred percent (100%) of the respondents say that

they have strategies for teaching. Thirty point four percent
(30.4%) say that visualization is their teaching strategy.
Twenty six point one percent (26.1%) say that the Cooperative
is their teaching strategy. Both twenty one point seven
(21.7%) say that Differentiation and Inquiry are their
teaching strategies.
5. What kind of teacher are you?
Page 75
Figure 5
Twenty eight percent (28%) of the respondents say that

they are loving teachers. Twenty four percent(24%)say that
they are strict teachers. Twenty percent (20%) say that they
are enthusiastic teachers. Sixteen percent (16%) say that
they are caring teachers and twelve percent (12%) say that
they are accessible.
The following are the reasons why they think their

characteristics affect the students; It affects their
performance. The class sparks confidence, motivation and
interest. Encouraging the student to strive smarter and
harder. Being their teacher and friend at the same time.
Learning is more fun.
6. What is your most stressful experience and how were

you able to handle it?
One hundred percent (100%) of the teachers experienced

unrespected, what they do is to set boundaries between friend
and as a teacher.
7. Is the salary you are receiving right now sufficient

for your monthly expenses?
Page 76
Figure 6
Seven out of nine respondents say that the salary that

they are receiving right now is sufficient for their monthly
expenses. While two respondents say that it’s not sufficient.
8. As a professional, are you growing in that
job?
Figure 7
All respondents say yes that they are growing in their

job. The following are the reasons why they are growing in
their profession; A two way process, a teacher is not only
giving information but a teacher is learning also to its
Page 77
students. Learning things through communication with students
and colleagues. Experiencing things that they have never
experienced before and attending training.
9. How were you able to manage your time between work

and personal life?
Four (4) respondents say don’t bring your school work

home. Three (3) respondents say Weigh priorities and Two (2)
respondents say time management.
10. What are your affirmations, mantra, or quote that

you lived by in that job? Why?
Every teacher has a different teaching mantra that they

lived on that job such as; There is no job so hard that
cannot be conquered by a willing heart. You cannot pour from
an empty cup. What a mind conceives and believes, it can be
achieved. Miracle, is another word for hard work. I love my
job, I've got bills to pay. Everything is happening based on
God’s plan. Treat everybody the same way you want to be
treated. In everything you do, always buy peace and
happiness.
Conclusion
Teachers are the backbone of the society that hones

individuals to become successful someday. Due to their role
in nurturing and ensuring the students future, it is really
inspiring to be the bridge of a student's success.
In pursuing teaching as a career, such as those who are

into communication, facilitating and collaboration. Teaching
is one of the professions that will suit you. However,
dealing with different students will be a challenge. This
will be a job to handle them. Scherer had many challenges in
teaching and the most difficult is how to engage and deal
with students who seem unreachable, resist learning and who
disrupt them for others. That is why the best way to deal
with them is to develop their intrinsic motivation.
Page 78
The researcher gained a lot of information and knowledge
in conducting this study regarding the profession that the
researcher desires to be in the future. The researcher is
able to confirm expectations on how to become a teacher based
on the results that the researcher gathered.
It is clear that educators are really important to the

society in today's generation to uphold and produce excelling
students to become successful someday.
Reference
Parkay. (2020) Becoming A Teacher, Washington State

University. Retrieved by https://tinyurl.com/rgsamwn
Loughran. (2019) The essence of being a teacher educator

and why it matters, Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education
Retrieved by https://tinyurl.com/r98395y
Barker. (2019) On Teacher Belief, Self identity and the

stages of professional development, University of Silesia,
Institute of English Poland. Retrieved by
https://tinyurl.com/rar54mv
Selinger. (2010) Journeys toward Becoming a Teacher:

Charting the Course of Professional Development, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Retrieve by https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ896071.pdf
Waldron.(2009) Primary student teachers as learners and

teachers of history, geography and science, Published for
Page 79
SCoTENS byThe Centre for Cross Border Studies39 Abbey
StreetArmagh Northern Ireland BT61 7EB. Retrieved by
https://tinyurl.com/vrzgflu
AFT Teachers.(2008) Becoming a teacher, AFT A union of

professionals. Retrieved by https://tinyurl.com/wbbxlyz
Scherer.(2016) Being a teacher, ASCD Alexandria VA USA.

Retrieved by https://tinyurl.com/se9quh2
Mason.(2010) Being a Teacher: Professional Challenges

and Choices, South African Institute for Distance Education
SAIDE. Retrieved by https://tinyurl.com/sb5jca9
Roth. (2002) Being and Becoming in the

Classroom.London,UK: Ablex Publishing. Retrieved
https://tinyurl.com/w7d6f7e
Johnson. Being and becoming a teacher, Minnesota State

University, Mankato Retrieved by https://tinyurl.com/urzmz47
Stronge. Qualities of an effective teacher, Retrieved by

https://tinyurl.com/s3uhanf
Bean-Mellinger. (2019) Advantages & Disadvantages of Becoming

a Teacher. Retrieved by https://tinyurl.com/uxepjgm
Robins. (2009) Teachers and Promotion: Research Evidence

on the Role of Gender, Career Intentions, Promotion Criteria
and Teacher Satisfaction, © Springer Science + Business Media
LLC. Retrieved by https://tinyurl.com/u625tbb
School Drug Education and Road Aware. (2013) Teaching

and learning strategies. Retrieved by
https://tinyurl.com/sr39kfo
Laad. (2015) Do Master’s Degrees Matter? Advanced

Degrees, Career Paths, and the Effectiveness of Teachers,
Duke University. Retrieved by https://tinyurl.com/s52cgwv

Page 80

Page 81

Sample Research 2
J. Hernandez Street, Naga City
“Bachelor of Science
In
Tourism Management”
Flight Attendant

In
Partial fulfillment
JOEMEL V. SARMIENTO
Researcher

March 2020
Page 82
Introduction
The researcher will conduct research about a career

chosen which is the Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
(BSTM), specifically one of its branches, Flight Attendant.
The researcher wants to conduct this study because the
researcher was curious and interested in what will be the
feeling of becoming a Flight Attendant. Another reason is that
the researcher loves to travel to different places though the
researcher has acrophobia, also, the researcher wants to
explore new things together with others.
The researcher aim to know several information about

Flight Attendant such as their objectives, trainings that need
to undergo when becoming a Flight Attendant, estimated cost of
education when taking a Bachelor in Science of Tourism
Management (BSTM), the career options, and of course the
researcher wants to know of how long does it take to finish
this course. These are some information that the researcher
wants to know at the end of the study.
This research will help the researcher when selecting a

career path, it’s important to conduct this study to determine
if this type of career is the best choice for the researcher.
At first glance, many careers may seem exciting or fun, or
they may offer high-paying salaries, but the researcher could
be disappointed or unfilled in those jobs or career if the
researcher automatically decides. Performing this study
(Career Research) can help the researcher weigh all of the
factors and options to make an informed decision.
The researcher knows that the researcher still lacks

several pieces of information, if that’s the case, the
researcher has to strive harder to know a lot of information
about this career and ask some student who enrolled in
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management BSTM, Flight
Attendant. That is the purpose of why we are having this
research paper.
Page 83
The following are the questions that will be asked by the
researcher to the respondents (14) of this research.
1. What are the objectives/duties of tourism?
2. What types of courses are available for students in the

travel and tourism industry?
3. What are the qualifications in this course?
4. What are the physical requirements of a Flight Attendant?
5. As a tourism student, what are the career options? 6. How
long does it take to finish this course?
7. How do you manage your time in your course and personal

life?
8. What do you like the most about your courses?
9. Do you have any idea of how much of a Flight Attendant’s

salary is? How much does it range?
10. After you graduate, what will be your preferred airlines
Page 84
This study is only intended for students who are
currently enrolled and studying for a Bachelor of Science in
Tourism Management (BSTM). The researcher will have a total of
fourteen
(14) respondents from the school of Partido State University,
San Jose Campus (PARSU), Mariners Polytechnic College
Foundation (MPCF) Panganiban Branch, and at the Central Bicol
State University of Agriculture (CBSUA) Main Campus.
Online Interview will be the type of survey that the

researcher prepared, also, the researcher prepared ten (10)
questions put in a Google Forms. The researcher will send the
link to all of the respondents through Gmail or Facebook and
will wait for their responses for about a week (7 days).
The researcher will not consider the gender and the ages
of the respondents for the researcher’s study. The gender and
the age of the respondents will not affect the study of the
researcher as long as the respondents are Bachelor of Science
in Tourism Management (BSTM) students.
This study will dwell only on the specific career which

is the Flight Attendant, one of the branches of Tourism
Management. The other branches of the BSTM are not the main
focus in this study. The researcher wants to focus on the BSTM
Flight Attendant in terms of their physical requirements,
qualifications, estimated monthly salary, career options, the
objectives of tourism and such.
In essence, a literature review identifies, evaluates and

synthesises the relevant literature within a particular field
of research. It illuminates how knowledge has evolved within
the field, highlighting what has already been done, what is
generally accepted, what is emerging and what is the current
state of thinking on the topic. In addition, within
research-based texts such as a Doctoral thesis, a literature
review identifies a research gap and articulates how a
particular research project addresses this gap.
Duties/Objectives of a Flight Attendant
According to the Department of Labor and Employment DOLE
Page 85
(2011), A Flight Attendant provides personal services to
ensure the safety and comfort of airline passengers during
flight. He/she greets passengers, verifies tickets, explains
the use of safety equipment, and serves food or beverages.
According to the Study.com (2019)Flight attendants

require a small amount of formal education and substantial
training. Learn about the training, job duties and
certification requirements to see if this is the right career
for you. If you like working with people and flying, a career
as a flight attendant might be for you. Flight attendant
positions usually require only a high school diploma, though a
certificate or degree might be preferred. You can expect to
complete a lot of training from the airline that hires you.
Flight attendants are responsible for passenger safety before,
during, and after a flight. They attend to travelers' needs,
from simple drink and food requests to serious medical
situations. Certification and training are requirements for
this position. Most employers also require flight attendants
to have a high school diploma or GED, while others prefer
candidates with postsecondary education. Additionally,
international airlines generally seek flight attendant
candidates who speak one or more languages of the countries
they frequent.
Educational Requirements for Flight Attendants
According to Study.com (2019), Though a high school

diploma is the minimum, airlines especially favor candidates
with degrees that might facilitate customer service skills,
such as communications, psychology and education. A
certificate or associate degree program concentrated in flight
attendant training is also available for prospective flight
attendants who want a competitive edge over other applicants.
Students in such programs may take courses in crew emergency
management, airline operations and aviation safety.
Prospective flight attendants are educated in emergency
management, CPR and rescue techniques.

(2011), A high school diploma or its equivalent is the minimum
educational requirement. However, airlines increasingly prefer
applicants with a college degree. Applicants who attend
schools or colleges that offer flight attendants that offer
flight attendant training may have an advantage over other
applicants. Highly desirable areas of concentration include
Page 86
people-oriented disciplines, such as communications,
psychology, nursing, travel and tourism, hospitality, and
education. Flight attendants for international airlines
generally must speak a foreign language fluently. For their
international flights, some of the major airlines prefer
candidates who can speak two major foreign languages, and/or
with a degree in business administration with a concentration
in accounting.
Training Requirements for Flight Attendants
According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS)

(2019), after completing the screening process and being
hired, flight attendants must be trained by their airline.
Training typically lasts from 3-6 weeks, and each company
provides a specific program that covers its own core values
and business models. Topics of study include first aid,
safety, emergency preparedness, federal regulations and flight
procedures.
According to the FindUniversity.ph (2010-20200, During
the fourth year of the program, students are required to
attend an On the Job Training (OJT) in travel agencies, travel
ticketing offices, event organizing companies, and the
Department of Tourism.
Students are given the opportunity to apply their

knowledge and skills in an actual work setting. Usually,
universities require them to submit a written report on their
tasks, learning experiences, and hours rendered. Their work
performance will also be evaluated by their immediate managers
and will be submitted to their respective OJT coordinator. The
number of hours required may differ in each university.
Certification Requirements
According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

(2019), mandates that all flight attendants must receive
certification (www.faa.gov). To become certified through the
FAA or the National Transportation Safety Board, flight
attendants must apply to and gain a Certificate of
Demonstrated Proficiency after completing training
requirements.
Additional Requirements
According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics(BLS)
(2019), There are usually a number of additional requirements
Page 87
related to age and physical condition for flight attendant
positions. Airlines often require certain age, height and
weight restrictions. Additionally, employers place high
standards on physical appearance, hygiene and grooming.
Airlines also conduct medical screenings and background checks
of prospective hires.
Physical Requirements
According to Fiore (2018), There may be a minimum age

requirement as well as a minimum height requirement for each
airline. Flight attendants must be able to reach the overhead
bins and be in excellent health. Airlines can be particular
about a candidate's physical appearance including weight,
hairstyle and piercings.
According to the Department of Labor and Employment

(2011), The physical requirements that the flight attendant
should have is that he/she must be presentable and with
pleasing personality;Should at least meet the minimum height
requirement
(5 feet and 5 inches) to reach overhead bins;Must be excellent
in health; and Possesses a clear vision.
Career and Salary Information

(2019), The BLS predicted that flight attendant employment
would increase faster than the average through 2028, due to
increase of commercial airlines and new routes continuously
opening over the years. In May 2018, the BLS reported that
these professionals in the 90th percentile or higher earned
$80,870 or more per year, whereas the bottom tenth percentile
earned $28,950 or less per year.
Most airlines require flight attendants to have a high
school diploma, but many prefer candidates with postsecondary
education. There may also be requirements relating to age and
physical condition. The FAA requires flight attendants to earn
certification after they complete required training.
According to Fiore (2018), The average cost of private
flight attendant school in 2017 is $3,500-$5,000. Some
programs, particularly those at an accredited flight attendant
school are more expensive, up to $22,000 or more, including
room and board. Other programs are much less expensive, with
specific courses less than $1,000. Financial aid or payment
plans may be available for some programs.
Page 88
(2011), In the Philippines, a Flight Attendant’s entry level
salary ranges from P18,000 - P26,000 per month and may even go
up to P36,000 to P54,000 per month for those highly-trained
and experienced. Overseas such as in the U.S. & Canada, the
average annual salary for a flight attendant is $43,350 or
$3,612 per month.
published in July 2019, the following information talks about
the degree options of Tourism Management.
Tourism Major
Explore some of the careers available to graduates of

tourism degree programs as well as some of the common courses
and requirements of these programs. Graduates from these
programs may use this degree for various options in the
following travel and tourism jobs list are Restaurant manager,
Hotel manager, Travel agent, and Casino manager. If you have
the skills, these skills are essential to almost every
position in the business world and are easily applied to
careers that involve customer service and management.
Travel and Tourism Management Jobs

Students in tourism masters' degree programs can often
specialize in hospitality operations management, sustainable
tourism management, or tourism and hospitality marketing,
among other focus areas. Graduate students usually have to
complete an internship, practicum, or capstone project.
Graduates of tourism degree programs are prepared to work in a
wide range of careers in the business world, including hotel
management and casino management. They will have mastered
topics in communication, hospitality operations, and
leadership to successfully manage a tourism or hospitality
business.
Employment Opportunities
According to the Department of Labor and Employment
(DOLE) (2011),Despite growing demand for Flight Attendants,
competition is expected to be keen because this job usually
attracts more applicants than there are jobs, with only the
most qualified eventually being hired. College graduates who
have experience dealing with the public should have the best
chance of being hired. Job opportunities may be better with
Page 89
the faster growing regional and commuter, low-cost, and
charter airlines. There also are job opportunities for
professionally trained flight attendants to work for companies
operating private aircraft for their executives.
Methods and Results
In this chapter the researcher will further discuss what

did the researcher do in conducting the research, also, the
methods of how the researcher collects data from the
researcher’s respondents.
This part of the research presents the research method

used, the respondents, the instrumentation, and results. The
researcher conducted a survey from random students taking a
Tourism Course pursuing Flight Attendant.
The students/respondents are from three reputable

college/universities in Camarines Sur.
1. What are the objectives/duties of tourism?
Respondent 1: To inform the others.
Respondent 2:To provide satisfaction, ensure response to

the safety and security and inspire other tourism
students.
Respondent 3: To have knowledge and command of foreign

languages. To be able to make decisions on financing and
investment in companies that provide tourism services.
Respondent 4: In the tourism industry their duties must

be responsible, provide good quality of product and
services to the tourist/visitors/guests or customer.
Respondent 5: To inspire other tourism students to be the

best version of yourself. Build their confidence and to
give information about your country to other countries
with a nice attitude.
Respondent 6: To preserve and enhance local culture, art,

handicrafts, monuments, and other natural and man-made
Page 90
tourist resources and protect them from
over-commercialisation and over-exploitation. To promote
and ensure the respect and dignity of people in tourism,
marketing and promotion of tourism.
Respondent 7: To create or promote forms of tourism that

provide healthy interaction opportunities for tourists
and locals and increase better understanding of different
cultures, customs, lifestyle, tradiational, knowledge and
beliefs. To promote environmental awareness, conservation
and sustainable use of natural resources.
Figure 1.
The Figure 1 above shows the objective/duties of a Flight

Attendant. Based on the given survey, the highest result
is that the objective of a FA is to “ensure response to
the safety and security of a tourist” which got a 40% of
total tally and the lowest is the 10%, “inspire other
tourism students”.
2. What types of courses are available for students in the

travel and tourism industry?
Respondent 1: Philippine Culture and Tourism Geography,

Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and
Sanitation, Quality Service Management in Tourism and
Hospitality. Macro Perspective of Tourism and
Hospitality.
Respondent 2: Tourism and Travel Management and Hotel and

Management, Travel and Tourism
Page 91
Respondent 3: N/A
Respondent 4: BBA (Tourism and Travel Management)
Bachelor of Tourism Administration
Respondent 5: BS Tourism Management, BS Agri-Ecotourism

Management
Respondent 6: AB English, Information
Technology Respondent 7: N/A
Figure 2.
Figure 2. The illustration above shows the types of the
course that are available in the travel and tourism
industry. The types of courses available are “Philippine
Culture and Tourism Geography”, “Tourism and Travel
Management”, “Hotel and Restaurant Management”, and “BS
Agri-Ecotourism Management”. But the most available
courses are “Philippine Culture and Tourism Geography”,
“Tourism and Travel Management”, “Hotel and Restaurant
Management”.
3. What are the qualifications in this course?
Respondent 1: Should at least meet the minimum height

requirement (5 feet and 5 inches) to reach overhead bins,
pleasing personality and good communication skills.
Respondent 2: Good in communication skill, able to

socialize, presentable appearance, and of course have
been very interested to work in the tourism industry.
Respondent 3: Patience and Fears
Page 92
Respondent 4: It depends on the school.
Respondent 5: The student must be a high-school graduate.

However, if they were not able to graduate high-school,
they may have the opportunity to take the Alternative
Learning System (ALS) and pass the Philippine Educational
Placement Test (PEPT) to qualify for college; the
availability of courses for PEPT passers depend on the
University. The student must pass the College Admissions
Test of the University.
Respondent 6: Must have graduated at any related course

for 4 years.
Respondent 7: Communication skills, proper grooming,
etc.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Summarizing the answers, the majority/most of
the respondents answered that the qualification for this
course was the minimum height requirement that the Flight
Attendant should have and next are the pleasing
personality and good communication skills.
4. What are the physical requirements of a Flight Attendant?
Respondent 1: To get accepted into an Airline’s flight

attendant training program, you must be at least 18 years
old, in excellent physical health, and tall enough to
reach the overhead luggage bins. Your vision must be
correctable to at least 20/40.
Respondent 2: As far as I know for you to be able to
become a flight attendant you must have the height, good
Page 93
looking, excellent in terms of physical health, and know
how to walk gracefully.
Respondent 3: Height, intelligence, attitude, patience

and beauty.
Respondent 4: Most airlines require attendants to be

height-weight proportionate, and they have certain
maximum weight allowances depending on height. You must
be tall enough to be able to reach the bins above the
passengers, but not too tall to have to bend over all the
time. Applicants should also be well groomed and wear
only conservative jewelry. No visible tattoos. Men must
have their hair cut above the collar and clean-shaven,
although a mustache usually is allowed. Corrected vision
either with contact lenses or glasses is also now
acceptable for flight attendants. You will need to be
healthy.
Respondent 5: Flight Attendant should have no scars, no

pimples, physically fit and have a pleasing personality.
Respondent 6: Boys must be 5’10 good grooming, attractive

and mostly pleasing personality.
Respondent 7: You must be tall enough to reach the bins

above the passenger, no scars, has a clear vision and no
tattoos visible.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. The figure 3 above shows the results collected
Page 94
for the physical requirements that the Flight Attendant
should have. Based on the results and figure the most
required physical qualification is the pleasing
personality which got a 30.4% of the total tally.
5. As a tourism student, what are the career options?
REspondent 1: The career options are Travel Agent. Travel

Agents research, plan, and book trips for individuals and
groups,Hotel Manager, Spa Manager, Tour Operator, Event
and Conference Organizer, Tour Guide, Executive Chef, and
Sommelier.
Respondent 2: There're a lot of opportunities when you

graduate a tourism course you can be a flight attendant
and ground crew in the airline industry as well as you
can be part of the cruise ship industry, a tour guide,
tour operator,an event organizer/planner and more.
Respondent 3: You can be a Flight Attendant, tour guide

in a hotel front desk Assistant etc.
Respondent 4: You can be a Travel agent,Hotel manager,,

tour operator, Event Organizer, and a Tour Guide.
Respondent 5: Graduates of BS in Tourism Management may

pursue a career path in travel agencies, travel ticketing
offices, event organizing companies, and the Department
of Tourism. They may also apply as a tour escort, tour
agency clerk, hotel and resort personnel, tour agent,
government tourism staff, event coordinator, flight
attendant, travel writer, and a tourism researcher.
Respondent 6: The career options are Hotel

Manager,Marketing Manager, Call Center Agent,and even
Casino Ambassador.
Respondent 7: There are a lot of career options but here

are some of them: Tour Guide, Call Center Agent, Hotel
Manager, and Event Organizer.
Page 95
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Respondents have the same career options to
choose and advice for the researcher. The total results
for the career options shows that the Tour Guide is the
most common option for the Travel and Tourism Industry
according to the respondents.
6. How long does it take to finish this course?
Respondent 1: Our courses are completely self-paced so

you can take them as quickly or as slowly as you want.
Each of our courses is around 100 lessons and each lesson
is on average 5 minutes. We have found that many of our
diligent learners finish a course in less than a week.
Respondent 2: This course is only a 4 degree
course. Respondent 3: 4 years to finish this
course.
Respondent 4: 4 years
Respondent 5: 4 years
Respondent 6: It only takes 4 years to finish this
course. Respondent 7: Only 4 years
Page 96
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Based on the given information from the
interviewee, the said course takes 4 years to finish the
course.
7. How do you manage your time in your course and personal

life?
Respondent 1: For me I usually finish my personal thing

so that I can focus on my course and I put and balance my
time by dividing it.
Respondent 2: As a tourism student, when it comes to

studies, I know my vision, mission and my goals. You
don’t have to be serious in studies. It's okay to have
fun and enjoy your being young but don’t forget your
limits and responsibilities as well.
Respondent 3: Don’t pressure yourself. You can do it and

manage it both.
Respondent 4: Create a master schedule, set goals the

right way, be flexible all the time, know your
limitations and know your obligation.
Respondent 5: Being a tourism student, you will learn how

to handle your time properly. We are particular in terms
of time so we always have the so-called time management.
We always prioritize what is important and set aside what
is not.
Respondent 6: I do it by “time management”.
Page 97
Respondent 7: My parents teach me how to divide the task
which is called time management.
Figure 7.
Figure 7. “Time Management” is the most suggested
strategy of how to manage the course and the personal
life of the respondents which got a 100% of total
tally.
8. What do you like the most about your course?
Respondent 1: My favorite is when I usually explain what

is going to do and what is not.
Respondent 2: To travel
Respondent 3: Improving my communication skills and

learning about their history, religions, attractions of
other countries.
Respondent 4: There are many things that I enjoyed in

studying this course. Discovering and learning almost
everything about travelling, different countries,
different languages, learning to improve my personality
plus the experience of touring tourists/guests,
organizing conventions and having toured a certain
country and appreciate its culture and people.
Respondent 5: Studying about culture is very interesting

not just Filipino culture but other country’s culture.
There’s a lot of things I learned from studying the
Page 98
culture and heritage of one country, we found out all the
history and also their traditions.
Respondent 6: The experience of travelling in the country

having a background of their cultures and it helps us to
be a well trained individual.
Respondent 7: What I like the most about my chosen course

are the experiences, training and our future career once
we graduate.
Figure 8.
Figure 8. The figure above shows the opinions of the
respondents answering the question, what did they like
the most about their course. The totally appeared
“travelling” is what the respondents like about their
course.
9. Do you have any idea of how much of a Flight Attendant’s

salary is? How much does it range?
Respondent 1: It is usually based on the company you are

working with.
Respondent 2: N/A
Respondent 3: I don’t have any idea.

Respondent 4: I think Php 70,000 up to Php 100,000 a
month.
Respondent 5: I guess its Php 40,000 monthly
Respondent 6: It is ranging from Php 50,000 - Php
Page 99
60,000 Respondent 7: Ranging from Php 75,000 - Php
100,000
Figure 9.
Figure 9. The figure above shows the estimated salary of
a Flight Attendant based on the answer of the
respondents. The estimated salary of an FA is ranging to
Php 70,000 - Php 100,000 according to the respondents.
10. After you graduate, what will be your preferred
airlines? Respondent 1: Cebu Pacific Airlines
Respondent 2: I would prefer to work in Palawan Express

or Philippine Airlines.
Respondent 3: Qatar Airlines
Respondent 4: Emirates or Qatar Airlines
Respondent 5: Emirates
Respondent 6: Philippine Airlines or Cebu Pacific Airlines
Respondent 7: My dream is to work at Emirates because I

think I can mold my weaknesses in terms of facing people.
Page 100
Figure 10. The figure above shows the preferred airlines
of the respondents when they already finish their degree
and their preferred airline was Qatar Airlines.
Conclusion
Question 1:
Based on the results shown, the highest result is that
the objective of a FA is to “ensure response to the safety and
security of a tourist” which got a 40% of total tally and the
lowest is the 10%, “inspire other tourism students”. According
to the Department of Labor and Employment DOLE (2011), A
Flight Attendant provides personal services to ensure the
safety and comfort of airline passengers during flight. The
most answers of the respondents are correct based on the given
data of the reliable source which is the DOLE.
Question 2:
The types of courses available are “Philippine Culture
and Tourism Geography”, “Tourism and Travel Management”,
“Hotel and Restaurant Management”, and “BS Agri-Ecotourism
Management”. But the most available courses are “Philippine
Culture and Tourism Geography”, “Tourism and Travel
Management”, “Hotel and Restaurant Management”. These answers
are from the respondent’s answers and according to DOLE the
Students in tourism masters' degree programs can often
specialize in hospitality operations management, sustainable
Page 101
tourism management, or tourism and hospitality marketing,
among other focus areas.
Question 3:
The majority/most of the respondents answered that the
qualification for this course was the minimum height
requirement that the Flight Attendant should have and next are
the pleasing personality and good communication skills. These
answers were proven by reliable resources because according to
Fiore (2018) and Department of Labor and Employment (2011),
There may be a minimum age requirement as well as a minimum
height requirement for each airline. Flight attendants must be
able to reach the overhead bins and be in excellent health.
Airlines can be particular about a candidate's physical
appearance including weight, hairstyle and piercings.
Question 4:
The results collected for the physical requirements that
the Flight Attendant should have based on the results, the
most required physical qualification is the pleasing
personality which got a 30.4% of the total tally. According to
the Department of Labor and Employment (2011), The physical
requirements that the flight attendant should have is that
he/she must be presentable and with pleasing
personality;Should at least meet the minimum height
requirement (5 feet and 5 inches) to reach overhead bins;Must
be excellent in health; and Possesses a clear vision.
Question 5:
Respondents have the same career options to choose and
advice for the researcher. The career options shows that the
Tour Guide is the most common option for the Travel and
Tourism Industry according to the respondents. But according
to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (2019), the best career
options for the Travel and Tourism Industry are the Restaurant
Manager,Hotel Manager, Travel Agent, Casino Manager,and
Tourism Degree Program Curriculum.
Question 6:
Based on the given information from the interviewee, the
said course takes 4 years to finish the course. And the
Department of Labor and Employment (2019) agreed to the
respondent’s answer that the BSTM takes 4 years to finish.
Question 7:
“Time Management” is the most suggested strategy of how
to manage the course and the personal life of the respondents
Page 102
which got a 100% of total tally. The researcher also thinks
that the time management is the easiest way to manage the
activities of the respondents through academic and personal
life.
Question 8:
The researcher concluded that the things the respondents
like the most about their course appeared “travelling”.
Question 9:
The estimated salary of an FA is ranging to Php 70,000 -
Php 100,000 according to the respondents. But According to the
Department of Labor and Employment DOLE (2011), In the
Philippines, a Flight Attendant’s entry level salary ranges
from P18,000 - P26,000 per month and may even go up to P36,000
to P54,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced.
Overseas such as in the U.S. & Canada, the average annual
salary for a flight attendant is $43,350 or $3,612 per month.
Question 10:
The researcher concluded the preferred airlines of the
respondents when they already finished their degree and their
preferred airline was Qatar Airlines. The researcher guessed
that the reason why the respondents chose Qatar Airlines is
because the state owned carrier has won in the category best
business class and best airline in the Middle East as well as
best business class lounge.
Over-all Conclusion
After the researcher conducted all of the research and

interviews, the researcher finally concluded that the
researcher already had an idea about the researcher's chosen
career. In the first place, the researcher doubted that what
if the researcher didn’t meet the expected requirements and
qualifications of the Bachelor of Science in Tourism
Management pursuing Flight Attendant. The study helped the
researcher to decide what will be the career the researcher
will choose after Senior High School.
The researcher already knew several information about

Flight Attendant such as their objectives, trainings that need
to undergo when becoming a Flight Attendant, estimated cost of
education when taking a Bachelor in Science of Tourism
Management (BSTM), the career options, and of course the
researcher wants to know of how long does it take to finish
Page 103
this course.
The researcher was quite disappointed with the gathered

data because some of the requirements did not meet my
expectations. Some of it was the FA must have clear vision but
the researcher has eyeglasses due to astigmatism. That is why
the researcher will not pursue this career due to the failed
qualification which is the clear vision.
Bibliography
CareerTrend.com, The Average Cost of Flight Attendant School

Tuition, 2018, Copyright 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group
Media, All Rights Reserved.
FindUniverity.ph, BS in Tourism Management in the Philippines,

2020, Copyright © FindUniversity.ph 2010-2020 All rights
reserved
Study.com, Flight Attendant: Educational and Training

Requirements, December 11, 2019, © copyright 2003-2020
Study.com. All other trademarks and copyrights are the
property of their respective owners. All rights reserved.
Study.com, Bachelor’s Degree in Travel and Tourism: Program

Info, October 11, 2019, © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. All
other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their
respective owners. All rights reserved.
Study.com, List of Jobs for Tourism Management Degree, July

18, 2019, © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. All other
trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective
owners. All rights reserved.
Department of Labor and Employment, Bureau of Local

Employment:Flight Attendant, 2011

Page 104
Sample Research 3.
LICENSED MECHANICAL ENGINEER

In
Partial fulfillment
For Practical Research 1
CHAYANNE MAE G. SERGIO

Researcher

March 2020
Page 105
Introduction
The researcher will conduct a study about Licensed

Mechanical Engineers. The researcher has decided to conduct
this study because the researcher wants to perceive various
information about the job and it is one of the researcher’s
career choices.
The researcher aims to know general information about

the job, such as the qualities a Mechanical Engineer should
uphold, job skills, the qualifications and requirements,
salary satisfaction, demand of the job, working conditions,
and the advantages & disadvantages of being a Mechanical
Engineer.
The study will help the researcher in gaining various

knowledge about Mechanical Engineering which will be useful
in deciding whether to take up the job in the future or not.
The following are the questions asked by the

researchers to the respondents as primary sources;
1. What do you like the most about this job?
2. How many hours are you required to work in this

job? 3. Are you satisfied with the salary you’re
getting? 4. What are the duties of a Mechanical
Engineer?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this
job? 6. How do you manage your time between work and

personal life?
7. What was the biggest problem you’ve encountered in

this job and how did you handle it?
8. What should a person possess to become an effective

Mechanical Engineer?
9. Do you think it’s better to work for this job out of

the country? Or just settle locally?
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10. If you are to advise me, based on your experiences,
should I go for this job? Why or why not?
Scope and Limitation
This study includes certain information about being a

Mechanical Engineer and the job itself, such as the duties
of a Mechanical Engineer, the salary satisfaction, demand of
the job, its qualifications, job skills, and the advantages
& disadvantages of Mechanical Engineering.
The researcher gathered data from different online

sources, such as Noodle.com which is a website that makes
the process of searching for education better through
transparency and efficiency. The researcher also gathered
government publications, articles, and statistical data that
will serve as the secondary sources. In addition, the
researcher gathered primary sources by conducting an online
survey to Filipino Licensed Mechanical Engineers.
The researcher conducted an online survey which

contains ten (10) questions. The researcher has 27
respondents for the survey. The following are not controlled
by the researcher; respondents’ age, gender, years of
service, company, and the allotted time to answer the
survey.
This study covers being a Mechanical Engineer not only

in the Philippines but also, out of the country since some
of the respondents for primary sources are working overseas
so not all data gathered are specifically in the Philippines
only. The secondary sources gathered covers the years
2017-2019.
This study will not discuss and focus on the different

fields of Mechanical Engineering. This study will only
provide details on certain information that the researcher
wants to know.
Page 107
The researcher gathered related literature about the

demands, salaries, statistical data, working conditions, job
skills, qualities, qualifications, pros & cons of being a
Mechanical Engineer that will serve as a guide to the
researcher’s study.
Skills Related Literature
According to Omar, et al. (2019), Professional Skills

is the basic requirement that all engineers need to master
in the current job market.
According to Huntington (2017), Engineers have verbal

and written communication skills, and they are analytical
and detail-oriented individuals. Specifically, mechanical
engineers have the ability to resolve complex problems and
implement solutions to problems. Mechanical engineers have
the ability to solve mathematical problems and use
scientific rules and methods. Mechanical engineers also have
the ability to use certain tools, such as flow meters,
machine mounts and semiconductor process systems.
According to Doyle (2019), A mechanical engineer should

have particular hard skills, including a solid understanding
of industry standards and excellent computer skills, because
much time is spent designing, simulating, and testing. In
addition, mechanical engineers should have soft skills, such
as strong analytical thinking and communication
capabilities.
Qualities Related Literature
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,

Employment Projections program, To become a Mechanical
Engineer, you should possess the following qualities:
Creativity. Mechanical engineers design and build complex
pieces of equipment and machinery. A creative mind is
essential for this kind of work. Listening skills.
Mechanical engineers often work on projects with others,
such as architects and computer scientists. They must listen
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to and analyze different approaches made by other experts to
complete the task at hand. Math skills. Mechanical engineers
use the principles of calculus, statistics, and other
advanced subjects in math for analysis, design, and
troubleshooting in their work. Mechanical skills. Mechanical
skills allow engineers to apply basic engineering concepts
and mechanical processes to the design of new devices and
systems. Problem-solving skills. Mechanical engineers need
good problem-solving skills to take scientific principles
and discoveries and use them to design and build useful
products.
Salaries Related Literature
According to Kosowatz (2018), Salaries are rising,

according to a new ASME survey that shows the median total
primary compensation for mechanical engineers in 2016 is
$124,000. Experience counts too. Those MEs with more than
twenty years of experience have a median income of $144,644.
According to Kosowatz (2018), Those with a Ph.D earned

the highest median income of $155,000, followed by those
with either an MBA or Master’s degree in mechanical or other
engineering discipline, at $125,000 or more. The largest
percentage of respondents said their highest degree is a
Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering, earning a
median income of $118,000.
According to Kosowatz (2018), Mechanical engineers with

a professional engineers license earned a median income of
$133,000, nearly $16,000 more than those lacking the PE
license.
According to Mowlaee (2017), The highest mechanical

engineer salary was reported to be $128,430 in 2015. The
lowest starting salary for a recently graduated young
mechanical engineer in the same year was $53,640. This is
very encouraging for people who search for employment within
the field; regardless of your education and state in which
you're living, you can still find a good job to support your
family.
According to Mowlaee (2017), Every year, a stream of

mechanical engineers graduate from their bachelor’s degree
and do their best to get a job that would pay them the
highest mechanical engineer salary for their services.
Mechanical engineering is one of the most in-demand
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engineering disciplines and is highly in demand within
several industries in all countries around the world.
According to Mowlaee (2017), It is one of the highest

paid fields. The more training a mechanical engineer takes
up, the more he or she can expect their annual salary to go
up. And the more skilled a mechanical engineer is, the more
he or she can negotiate their pay.
Highest Mechanical Engineer Salaries Related Literature
According to Mowlaee (2017), The top three highest

Mechanical Engineer salaries are: (1) Mechanical Design
Engineer which is responsible for researching, testing,
designing, manufacturing, and developing machines, engines,
and tools or devices. In the US, the highest mechanical
design engineer salary is $93,000. (2) Senior Mechanical
Engineer who ensures that all regulations and procedures in
the workplace, including environmental, safety and security
policies, are adhered to by everyone, including himself and
his direct reports. The Highest Senior Mechanical Engineer
salary, which includes salary, bonus, and profit sharing,
goes up to $133,000. (3) Senior Mechanical Process Engineer
who conducts business as a project engineer, too, in
critical projects. He is expected to prepare and evaluate
design sheets, technical specifications, 2D & 3D drawings,
and even technical and financial reports. The highest
national mechanical engineer salary for such positions went
up to $137,631 as of 2016 data (with full benefits).
Demand Related Literature

Employment Projections program, Employment of mechanical
engineers is projected to grow 4 percent from 2018 to 2028,
about as fast as the average for all occupations. Mechanical
engineers can work in many industries and on many types of
projects. As a result, their growth rate will differ by the
industries that employ them.

Employment Projections program, The median annual wage for
mechanical engineers was $87,370 in May 2018. The median
wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation
earned more than that amount and half earned less. The
lowest 10 percent earned less than $56,270, and the highest
10 percent earned more than $136,550.
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Requirements and Qualifications Related Literature

Employment Projections program, Mechanical engineers
typically
need a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering or
mechanical engineering technology. Mechanical engineering
programs usually include courses in mathematics and life and
physical sciences, as well as engineering and design.
Mechanical engineering technology programs focus less on
theory and more on the practical application of engineering
principles. They may emphasize internships and co-ops to
prepare students for work in industry.

Employment Projections program, Some colleges and
universities offer 5-year programs that allow students to
obtain both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree. Some 5-year
or even 6-year cooperative plans combine classroom study
with practical work, enabling students to gain valuable
experience and earn money to finance part of their
education.
According to Huntington (2017), Most entry-level

engineering positions require a minimum of a bachelor’s
degree in engineering or a related field of study, such as
mathematics or natural science. Some colleges and
universities offer two
and four-year degrees in engineering technology. Engineers
who perform services for the public are required to acquire
a license as a professional engineer in their state.
According to Huntington (2017), Typical requirements to

contain the professional engineering license include
completing an engineering program at an institution
accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology; obtaining four years of work experience; and
passing statewide examinations. The Accreditation Board for
Engineering and Technology also accredits most engineering
educational programs.
Working Conditions Related Literature
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, mechanical

engineers should expect the following working conditions:
Office environment: Most mechanical engineers work in
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offices. Some may visit offsite locations where equipment
needs repairs or extra attention. Schedule: Most have
full-time jobs, with some working more than 40 hours per
week. Teams: Colleagues will likely include other engineers,
technicians, and professionals.
Mechanical Engineering Pros and Cons Related Literature
According to Kearl (2019), The pros of becoming a

Mechanical Engineer are Generous compensation: The average
salary for mechanical engineers is $69,857, according to
PayScale. Many also enjoy opportunities to earn bonuses and
commissions and participate in profit-sharing. Job
satisfaction: On average, people in the role rate their job
satisfaction 3.7 out of 5, based on data from 5,357 plus
mechanical engineers provided by PayScale. Payscale
classifies a 3.7 score as "highly satisfied." Strong job
prospects: Mechanical engineering employees who specialize
in training in the most up-to-date software tools for design
and simulation are positioned for career success. Experience
in three-dimensional printing and producing virtual
simulations can provide a significant competitive advantage,
according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
PayScale reports that skills like project management,

finite element analysis (FEA), and engineering design can
increase your salary by as much as 4 percent. The BLS
projects a 4 percent growth rate in mechanical engineering
jobs between 2018 and 2028. That matches the growth rate for
the job market as a whole.
According to Kearl (2019), The cons of becoming a

Mechanical Engineer are Lack of gender diversity in the
field: The gender imbalance in the profession may be as high
as a 9:1 male-to-female ratio, per Payscale. Shrinking job
growth in certain specialties: Some manufacturing sectors of
mechanical engineering may have limited job prospects for
some specialties. Manufacturing has been on the decline in
the US for some time.
According to Cogswell (2017), Pros: Many positions are

available with just a bachelor’s degree. The work can be
extremely gratifying. You can make great money, and it’ll
just keep getting better. Cons: You may have to get licensed
periodically, and may eventually want more formal schooling.
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You often spend a lot of time stuck at a desk. The hours can
be long and taxing.
Methods and Results
The researcher gathered respondents from the

researcher’s father and acquaintance. The researcher had a
total of twenty-seven (27) respondents but only eighteen
(18) respondents answered the online survey which the
researcher had sent and emailed to the respondents.
The researcher gathered data through an online survey

and below are the results of the online survey that the
researcher had conducted;
Question 1: What are the duties of a Mechanical Engineer?
Respondent No. 1 : We design, monitor/check the machine and

test machine.
Respondent No. 2 : prepare and submit proposals for the

project, to manage the project and to support the people
under you.
Respondent No. 3: Project in Charge of Mechanical works in a

Construction firm like HVAC, Chiller Piping, Building
Management System.
Respondent No. 4 : My duties in my workplace are to ensure

that all designs follow the codes, standards, and general
appropriate engineering practices.
Respondent No. 5 : Measuring the performance of mechanical

components, devices and engines. Agreeing budgets,
timescales and specifications with clients and managers.
Respondent No. 6 : Mechanical Engineer functions are focused

on analyzing, designing and overseeing manufacturing
processes related to mechanical and thermal properties.
Respondent No. 7 : Design, maintenance and improvements of

mechanical/industrial equipment or machines. Ensures that
the design meets occupational and safety standards.
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Respondent No. 8 : Keep record of all equipment and
machinery and its accessories to be able to easily keep
track on maintenance schedule or parts replacement due to
wear and tear.
Repondent No. 9 : Basically, Mechanical Engineer functions

are focused on analyzing, designing and overseeing
manufacturing processes related to mechanical and thermal
properties.
Respondent No. 10 : My duties are focused on the operation

and maintenance of the machines. I also supervised the
operator and laborer and made reports about the activities
at the Pumping Station.
Respondent No. 11: To design, construct, maintain all types

of Mechanical Systems and have it coordinated with other
services interfaces such as Building management systems,
Fire alarm, etc.
Respondent No. 12 : Improving the systems of what you're

working into. But this depends on your specialization. In my
case, Steam line system problem solving and Energy
conservation improvements.
Respondent No. 13 : There are a wide scope of duties as

Mechanical Engineer, but will summarize those. It ensures
that all equipment is working in good condition through
proper execution of the Preventive Maintenance program.
Respondent No. 14 : As a mechanical engineer, you are tasked

with designing, operating and maintaining mechanical
equipment or systems. It is also your duty to comply and
uphold the standards and codes required by different
countries based on safety or design purposes.
Respondent No. 15 : Job responsibilities vary greatly

according to the size and type of employer. However, duties
typically include: Assessing project requirements, measuring
the performance of mechanical components, devices and
engines. Agreeing budgets, timescales and specifications
with clients and managers.
Respondent No. 16: Mechanical Engineers is concerned in part

of the following elements; design, Forces ,Materials,
Fluids, Energy, Motion and Professional practice to Invent
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Machines and Structures in order to serve a useful purpose
and solve problems. As a summary mechanical engineers have
vast contributions to the economic growth and nation
building of our society.
Respondent No. 17 : It depends on which field you want to

work ,some are in designs ,constructions etc. My work for
now is i'm incharge of the engineering department in hotel
industries as maintenance engineer i try to make sure that
all of our equipment are running properly and no breakdown,
if there is any we are fixing it immediately so that it will
not affect the hotel operation.
Respondent No. 18 : It depends on what field you are working

in. Since i am in a Manufacturing company as a mechanical
engineer my duties are mostly related to machines preventive
maintenance e.g. compressors, production machines, chiller
air conditioner and other facilities related machines.
Mechanical Engineer is also responsible for Mechanical
Drawings and Permits (Piping, tanks and others.)
Based on the respondents’ answers, the duties of a

Mechanical Engineer depends on what field they are working
in since it is a very broad profession but generally, a
Mechanical Engineer focuses on analyzing, designing, and
operating mechanical equipment, machines or systems.
Question 2: What do you like the most about being a

Mechanical Engineer?
Respondent No. 1 : It is broad, it never gets

boring/challenging courses.
Respondent No. 2 : The mech engr. has a broad scope of work

sometimes you can be a CE, Sometimes Planner , sometimes
researcher, but the most important thing is you love your
career.
Respondent No. 3: Challenges are my stepping stone to become

successful. That's the meaning of engineering for me.
Respondent No. 4 : Salary, and I can travel to other places if

my work demands it.
Respondent No. 5 : Travel opportunities & technical skills
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development.
Respondent No. 6 : Entitled to exercise authority over the

team.
Respondent No. 7 : The challenges in trouble shooting and

making necessary improvements on the machine design.
Respondent No. 8 : Being in this qualification is always

challenging everyday new challenges and from these
challenges gains knowledge.
Respondent No. 15 : Very Challenging.
Respondent No. 11 : Highly demanded profession.
Respondent No. 13 : Continues learning through

electro-mechanical technology.
Respondent No. 10 : The thing that I like about being a

Mechanical engineer is that I can work in both private
entities and government.
Respondent No. 17 : I like the most is I know how the

machine works from basic plus experience how to deal with it
and keep on learning new technology.
Respondent No. 16 : What I like most about being a

mechanical engineer is I can work as designers, researchers,
technology managers, innovators, and consultants.
Respondent No. 12 : The fact that you're not doing your job
as a daily routine. You're thinking of ways on how to finish
a project effectively and efficiently.
Respondent No. 18 : The one I like being a mechanical

engineer is working with machines. Not only the moving parts
but as a engineer you are involved in how it
works(electrical, program and process flow)
ERespondent No. 9 : Aside from being one of the broadest

engineering disciplines. Being a mechanical engineer offers
a more challenging job function in the fields of power
plant, industrial plant, automotive, air conditioning,
fabrication, building construction (elevator, escalators)
and design.
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Respondent No. 14 : Being a mechanical engineer is very
exciting. You are exposed to various environments which are
not often seen within the city or even in the public. You
get to know how things work behind the scenes. With a simple
product like a cup, you get to know the people behind it and
on how they keep up with the society's needs. However, the
best part of it is realizing that most of all man made
things were produced with the help of a mechanical engineer.
The respondents’ most common answers on what they like

the most about Mechanical Engineering are the challenges it
gives them, travel opportunities, highly demanded hence,
high salary, and being able to work efficiently and
effectively.
Question 3: How many hours are you required to work in this
job? Respondent No. 5 : 8 hours
Respondent No. 6 : 8 hours
Respondent No. 15 : 8 hours
Respondent No. 2: No limit
Respondent no. 3 : 8 hours a day
Respondent No. 9 : 40 hours in a week
Respondent No. 11 : 48 hours per week
Respondent No. 8 : On a 12 hours shift
Respondent No. 4 : 45 hours per week
Respondent No. 14 : 8 hours a day or more
Respondent No. 12 : 8-10 hours
Respondent No. 18 : 9 hrs per day (Monday to Saturday)
Respondent No. 10 : We are required to work 8 hours a day.
Respondent No. 1 : 8 hours but sometimes it is took 4 days

duty
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Respondent No. 16 : Usually you are required to work at
least 8 hours a day.
Respondent No. 13 : 9 to 12 hrs or even extended time

depends on the nature of work.
Respondent No. 7 : In my case, my time is flexible. My

company requires output rather than the hours worked.
Respondent No. 17 : Mostly 8 hours per day but when it is

needed I will extend beyond the limit just to finish the job
on time.
Out of 18 respondents, 9 respondents answered 8 hours

as the required hours to work and the rest have different
answers such as 12 hours, 45 hours per week, 9 hours per
day, No limit, and a flexible time.
Question 4: Are you satisfied with the salary you’re
getting? Respondent No. 5 : Yes
Respondent No. 8 : Yes
Respondent No. 18 : No
Respondent No. 1 : No
Respondent No. 3 : Ofcourse
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Respondent No. 9 : Yes, it’s reasonable.
Respondent No. 13 : Absolutely yes
Respondent No. 2. : Yes, very satisfied.
Respondent No. 4 : Satisfied but not enough
Respondent No. 10 : Yes, because I was able to provide the

basic needs of my family and I was able to send my children
to a better school.
Out of 18 respondents, 16 respondents answered “yes”

which means the majority of the respondents are satisfied
with the salary they are getting while 2 respondents
answered “no”, they are not satisfied with the salary they
are getting.
Question 5: What are the advantages and disadvantages of

being a Mechanical Engineer?
Respondent No. 5 : None
Respondent No. 6 : Advantage is authority over work and

disadvantage none.
Respondent No. 3 : Whether you like it or not if it is your

passion there's no disadvantages you can't handle.
Respondent No. 2 : Advantages salary good enough, you can

travel abroad for free. Disadvantages I think, if we do not
work hard that's the disadvantage.
Respondent No. 13 : Advantages - knowledgeable on electro

mechanical system, design and some construction work.
Disadvantage - must extend time to work.
Respondent No. 7 : In my case I get to travel a lot and work

with different colleagues with different cultures. Learning
and sharing best practices in our profession.
Respondent No. 4 : The main advantage is that mechanical

engineers have a wide scope of field that you can choose
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from.
The disadvantage is the starting salary is sometimes not
high enough.
Respondent No. 17 : Many advantages because we know from the

basics to reality, knowledge and all. The disadvantage is
that they will rely everything on you to think and make
decisions but it is ok.
Respondent No. 1 : Advantage - In demand/broad.

Disadvantages - Job is very tedious at first. You will get
bored if you are not interested in mechanical. It is
difficult without prior experience.
Respondent No. 18 : Advantage - You can work in any field

you want(construction, marine, manufacturing other)
Disadvantage - Because of wide scope mostly mechanical
engineers are "Jack of all trades, master of none"
Respondent No. 15 : Mechanical Engineering is a very broad

course, the advantage is you can explore those fields
related to mechanical engineering, while the disadvantage is
you cannot master the fields mechanical.
Respondent No. 12 : Advantages - This career is fun and once

you're into it, you'll definitely enjoy it. Disadvantages -
This depends. But this applies to every career, You have to
start from nothing until you reach being an expert.
Respondent No. 14 : The advantage of a mechanical engineer

is it has a broad career path and specialization. There are
a lot of industries that require this profession. However,
the disadvantage of having a lot of fields is transferring
from one industry to another.
Respondent No. 9 : Education and work discipline is better

in Mechanical Engineering since we are entitled to a broader
scope of engineering know-how and works. We are equipped
with a wider variety of engineering functions/processes. I
can't think of any disadvantages in ME profession.
Respondent No. 8 : Advantage - In this field we are the only

ones called upon to deal and handle mechanically operated
equipment and machinery. Disadvantage - We are also the ones
held responsible to the client in terms of delay in
production
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and schedule due to equipment or machinery breakdown
unrepairable on time.
Respondent No. 16 : The disadvantage of being a mechanical

engineer is if you are living in a country where leaders are
corrupt and innovations are not part of the country's
priority. The advantage of being a mechanical engineer is
that you are trained problem solvers, innovators, flexible
and you can collaborate with other fields of engineering.
Respondent No. 11 : Advantages - aside from a highly

demanded profession, by just performing our job properly it
allows us to serve our community and as well as our
environment through proper design and maintenance of
mechanical systems. Disadvantages - Mechanical Systems are
constantly improving and costly sometimes to get you updated
with the latest trends and technology and might always be
our challenge.
Respondent No. 10 : The advantage of this job is that

there's a lot of benefits especially when you are working in
the government. On the other hand, the disadvantages are
very exposed to dirt since I am working in the field and
sometimes you need to work more than 8 hours if there's a
sudden problem happening to the machines. The advantage of
this job is that there's a lot of benefits especially when
you are working in the government. On the other hand, the
disadvantages are very exposed to dirt since I am working in
the field and sometimes you need to work more than 8 hours
if there's a sudden problem happening to the machines.
Based on the respondents’ answers, the advantages of

Mechanical Engineering are high salaries, travel
opportunities, highly demanded profession, broad career path
and specialization while the disadvantages are being
transferred to other fields of Mechanical Engineering,
difficult without prior experience, and is mostly needed to
extend time to work.
Question 6: How do you manage your time between work and

personal life?
Respondent No. 5 : Only time management
Respondent No. 15 : Making time table
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Respondent No. 1 : Set a goal everyday.
Respondent No. 13 : Time Management
Respondent No. 6 : Knowing the priority and time management.
Respondent No. 7 : Proper planning of activities or work

travels.
Respondent No. 3 : Time management, Self Control and trust

God always.
Respondent No. 18 : Keeping my personal life private and not

affecting my work.
Respondent No. 11 : Ensure to have proper time management

and listen to your body.
Respondent No. 12 : By doing my job in the day, and doing my

hobby after work.
Respondent No. 4 : On weekdays I work. On weekends I play

video games for my own entertainment.
Respondent No. 9 : As much as possible, I don't bring any

work related material and function at home and vice versa.
Respondent No. 2 : Love your work and love your family, tell
them that as an engineer, your time is just like the time of
a doctor. On call.
Respondent No. 8 : Due to 12 hours shift work we apply leave

making use of our off in-lieu to be able to spend time with
our loved ones and health.
Respondent No. 16 : By planning ahead and making sure that

you have time to bond with your friends and family and time
for my hobbies and spiritual needs.
Respondent No. 17 : When it is working hours I need to focus

on my job and after that I take care of my personal life
like being with friends gathering, chatting with my family
back home.
Respondent No. 10 : Since I am working in Manila, I make

sure that I am able to go home at least twice a year or as
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much as possible every occasion and holidays. While I am
here, I spend my time with my eldest children once in a
while.
Respondent No. 14 : Balancing between your work and personal

life will depend on your time management skills. If you are
left with a lot of work, chances are you'll spend more time
in the office catching up, however if you finish them on
time, then you can happily enjoy your free time.
The respondents’ answers all boils down to having

proper planning of duties, time management, and knowing your
priorities in managing their time between work and personal
life.
Question 7: What was the biggest problem you’ve encountered

in this job and how did you handle it?
Respondent No. 2 : So far, none yet.
Respondent No. 5 : When there was no delivery of equipment &

we just did some other work.
Respondent No. 6 : Having teamwork with different beliefs in

design and implementation.
Respondent No. 1 : Many to mention but the only thing I can

say is trust your personnel and always verify it.
Respondent No. 13 : Monitoring Of PM program. Must provide

close monitoring, time table and schedule.
Respondent No. 7 : Development of a new machine technology

in our company, but I got help from my colleagues so it was
manageable.
Respondent No. 18 : Designing things that you had no idea at

all. Researching the way to design and asking friends and
relatives for tips.
Respondent No. 12 : The feeling of being left out. I handled

it by realizing that I am still in the process before
reaching success.
Respondent No. 3 : Everyday you've been a failure to your co
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workers and to the company but make it your motivation to
become strong and better employee.
Respondent No. 10 : The biggest problem I encountered is to

overhaul the machines, and handling the people like the
laborers and operators because of the different
personalities.
Respondent No. 11 : Being in the multinational and

multicultural companies and workplace would sometimes create
some issues/conflicts, one way to handle it is just to be
professional.
Engr. Joseph Petalio : When we are in shut down time, the

hotel will close for major refurbishment and repair,i will
make a working schedule for my side and team, and check the
schedule from the contractor also.
Respondent No. 9 : Being a mechanical engineer is more than

an office job. You may also have to conduct outstation works
to appreciate the job and conduct hands-on activities to
achieve optimum result on any problem and resolution.
Respondent No. 15 : I think the biggest problem I

encountered is when I was in the 1st day of work, because
the learning I acquired in college is very different in the
actual work. I handle it by not pressuring myself to adapt
quickly.
Respondent No. 4 : The biggest problem that I have

encountered is when there is an enormous project given to me
even though I was still a fresh graduate. Through constant
learning and determination to succeed, I managed to handle
it well.
Respondent No. 16 : One of the biggest problems in this job

is when you are tasked to deliver multi-million projects
under time and financial constraints. I handle the problem
by collaboration, effective project management, and applying
my mechanical engineering knowledge.
Respondent No. 14 : Starting a job is very different from

what I expected. Even though I've already graduated and
passed the board exam, there is still much to learn.
Sometimes this will also mean that you have to study some
things on your own. However, we should always be humble and
brave to ask our coworkers for help. This is the greatest
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lesson we need to learn when working. We always need to be a
team player.
Respondent No. 8 : This was when I was given the

responsibility to handle one jobsite. The task was to
deliver, lower down, assemble, test and commission a 4.5
meter diameter Slurry type Tunnel BORING machine (TBM). I
manage to pull it off by creating a realistic schedule and
beating the deadline executing works as per sequence,
schedule and on time. Safety was also a factor we look upon
and treat with high importance.
Most of the problems they have encountered at work are

team indifferences, adjusting to the job, being left out,
getting unexpected workloads, and the rest are all about
mechanical and operating problems and errors.
Question 8: What should a person possess to become an

effective Mechanical Engineer?
Respondent No.5 : Commitment & be responsible
Respondent No. 13 : Obey God commandment
Respondent No.3 : Be the best version of yourself.
Respondent No. 18 : Creative and a smart working
person.
Respondent No. 1 : Trust yourself and trust the
process.
Respondent No. 12 : You must love everything that's

Mechanical.
Respondent No. 11 : Constantly upgrade and be in with the

latest technology.
Respondent No. 7 : Good analytical skill, patience and

attention to details.
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Respondent No. 2. : I think being true to yourself and
always love your chosen career.
Respondent No. 17 : Always make your own life perspective

and try to achieve your goal in life.
Respondent No. 15 : Acquired knowledge, mastery in the

actual application of Mechanical engineering principles.
Respondent No. 6 : First know what you are doing and be an

expert. Second distribute the workload according to their
domain and supervise accordingly.
Respondent No. 9 : They have to be analytical, good in

problem solving and have an above average theoretical and
actual know-how of the profession.
Respondent No. 10 : To become an effective Mechanical

engineer or professionals in general. You need to be
passionate about it, be diverse, and ready for the
challenges.
Respondent No. 4 : To be an effective mechanical engineer,

one must become a hardworking person, effective and
efficient leader, and are always striving for knowledge and
self betterment.
Respondent No. 8 : A person should possess a passion for

this field. You need to give your best shot every single
day. Never give up on technical issues, always come up with
positive ideas to work things out. A courage to tackle
stress over a tight deadline.
Respondent No. 14 : One does not need to be very

intellectual to be a mechanical engineer. Every profession
is obtained through study and practice. This profession was
not created exclusively for the elites but rather for those
who are determined.
Respondent No. 16 : To become an effective mechanical

engineer you should understand the professional and ethical
responsibility, effectively communicate, know the impact of
a mechanical engineer to the global economic, environmental
and societal problems, continuous learning and your ability
to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools
in your engineering practice.
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Based on the respondents’ answers, a person should
possess the following to become an effective Mechanical
Engineer; A smart-working person, creative, good analytical
skills, patience, attention to details, passionate about the
profession and having trust in yourself.
Question 9: Do you think it’s better to work for this job

out of the country? Or just settle locally?
Respondent No. 18 : Out of the country
Respondent No. 13 : Settle locally.
Respondent No. 7 : For me, the opportunities outside the

country are better than local opportunities.
Respondent No. 12 : This depends. Honestly, I am still in

the process of figuring out this one.
Respondent No. 5 : Better to work for this job out of the

country, because the technology is more advanced.
Respondent No. 8 : Staying locally can be good if the salary

meets the expectation (meaning the way of living).
Respondent No. 17 : It depends if you need more money, try

overseas you will get more than half compared locally.
Respondent No. 9 : Either way. It will depend on anyone's

prerogative. As long as you are practicing the profession.
Respondent No. 1 : It's better to work here in the

Philippines, why? Because the Philippines needs a good
engineer like me.
Respondent No. 6 : It depends, personally better work

outside the Philippines because it provides more exposure to
knowledge and modern technical view.
Respondent No. 16 : As of the moment it's better to work out

of the country to benefit from other countries' demand of
mechanical engineers with good financial rewards.
Respondent No. 3 : It depends upon the call of duty you

want. But for me I want to grow more in terms of my
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profession and I think working abroad is the best way to get
it.
Respondent No. 4 : I think it is better for my profession to

work abroad because of high demand and salary. but we can
also settle here in the Philippines if it's a stable job.
Respondent No. 15 : Practically yes, because the salary

rates of ME here in the philippines is very low compared to
other countries and when it comes to experience and
exposure, other countries provide modern technology and
techniques in the field of engineering.
Respondent No. 2 : Personally for monetary purposes it's

better to work abroad especially when you have many mouths
to feed, children to support their education , but if you
have a salary here locally for about 6 or 7 digits it’s ok
to work here. The most important thing if you work locally
you can see your family often.
Respondent No. 11 : Nowadays the mechanical engineering law

is being implemented and strictly enforced by the Philippine
government, thereby creating more opportunities to all ME,
and becoming more competitive in terms of salary. Therefore,
the first option is to look locally before going abroad.
Respondent No. 10 : It is still better to work here in the

Philippines because you are near with your family. In terms
of salary, it pays well. You just have to strive hard.It is
still better to work here in the Philippines because you are
near with your family. In terms of salary, it pays well. You
just have to strive hard.
Respondent No. 14 : It always depends on your decision and

plans in life. Even someone like me has to deal with a
career crisis in this stage of life. Choosing between an
industry that I love vs the industry that pays well. For
some, they prefer to settle within their hometown or country
and be with their loved ones. However, there are also some
who are adventurous and want to explore. Either way, both of
these choices seem pretty good. It always just depends on
the situation at hand. With both of these choices in mind,
we cannot argue that everyone wants to return to our homes
and settle down after years of hard work.
Based on the respondents’ answers, if in terms of
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practicality, working for this profession overseas is much
better than settling locally because of the demand, better
opportunities, and high salary rates but some also said that
they prefer settling locally because they do not want to be
away from their loved ones.
Question 10: If you are to advise me, based on your

experiences, should I go for this job? Why or why not?
Respondent no. 5 : You should.
Respondent No. 15 : Yes, it offers a better opportunity.
Engr. Respondent No. 3 : It's better to discover it by
yourself.
Respondent No. 6 : Yes! because positively impact my

decision correctly.
Respondent No. 2 : Follow your dream. If you want to become

a Mechanical Engineer go for it.
Respondent No. 11 : Yes go for it! The higher the experience

of a mechanical engineer the higher its market value.
Respondent No. 12 : If you want to challenge yourself in

your entire career, be a Mechanical Engineer.
Respondent No. 7. : If you have passion for mechanical or

industrial innovation then you are a fit for this
profession.
Respondent No. 13 : Yes, for this generation and technology

up, mechanical engineers is a must especially here in the
philippines.
Respondent No. 4 : Absolutely yes. Aside from the high

demand of mechanical engineers here and abroad, the
knowledge is so vast and no horizon.
Respondent No. 1 : If you want to be a Mechanical Engineer

just grab it. Even if you feel giving up, think of the
reason why you held on so long.
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Respondent No. 17 : The simple answer is just know first
what you want to become someday and what your mind is
telling you. Don't let other people decide a college course
for you.
Respondent No. 18 : If you really have are passionate about

becoming a mechanical engineer, go for it. But if you are
the one saying " mag-eengineer ako kasi malaki ang sweldo"
you will be disappointed.
Respondent No. 16 : Yes , because for our country to

progress we need more engineers to innovate, research and
develop new products and methods that would convert our
countries resources into valuable products.
Respondent No. 8 : If you have the passion for it I highly

recommend you take this field of engineering. Be one of us
make your parents proud, help the country's economic growth
and never fail to thank the Lord for without Him we won't be
able to achieve anything.
Respondent No. 9 : Yes. With my 20 years of experience in

this profession. I can say I don't have any regrets choosing
Mechanical Engineering. It's a continuing education with the
arrival of new theories and technologies. That makes the job
more challenging and worthwhile.
Respondent No. 10 : Being a Mechanical Engineer is a noble

job. There are a lot of opportunities, you can work in the
government and enjoy the benefits, you can work for a
private entity or even in academe. If you really want to
take this profession you really need to be passionate about
it and ready to take the possibilities that you might work
away from your family.
Respondent No. 14 : It will really depend on what you want.

Even for someone like me who loves and chose mechanical
engineering as his first choice, I still find my college
years very difficult but worth while. Just because you're
good at math, it doesn't mean that you should pick this
career path. Not everyone who is good at something, loves
what they are doing. Remember you will be working on this
career for a very long time, might as well pick something
that you really like and have fun doing. A person who likes
what he/she is doing will never have to work a day in
his/her life.
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Most of the respondents agreed that the researcher
should pursue this profession because it offers a very good
opportunity and it is an in-demand job. The respondents also
said that if the researcher really has the passion for it
and Mechanical Engineering really is the researcher’s dream
then the researcher should go for it.
Conclusion
Upon gathering data from primary and secondary sources,

the researcher discovered a lot of information about
Mechanical Engineering such its duties, salary, number of
required hours to work, demand, qualifications &
requirements, the advantages and disadvantages and a lot
more.
The duties of a Mechanical Engineer would depend on

what field you are working in but generally, a Mechanical
Engineer analyzes, designs, and operates mechanical machines
or systems. The things they like the most about Mechanical
Engineering are the challenges it gives them, high salary,
and being able to work efficiently and effectively. Usually,
the required hours to work is 8 hours.
Some advantages of Mechanical Engineering are high

salaries, travel opportunities, highly demanded profession,
and it has a broad career path/specialization while the
disadvantages are being transferred to other fields of
Mechanical Engineering, difficult without prior experience,
and is mostly needed to extend time to work. To balance your
time between work and personal life, one should have proper
planning of duties, time management, and knowing your
priorities in managing their time between work and personal
life.
Some of the problems that they have encountered working

in this profession are team indifferences, adjusting to the
job, being left out, getting unexpected workloads, and
mostly are all about mechanical and operating problems and
errors. To become an effective Mechanical Engineer, you
should be a smart-working person, creative, good analytical
skills, patience, attention to details, passionate about the
profession and having trust in yourself.
If you want a company that would pay really well then
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you should work out of the country but if you do not want to
be away from your family then it’s better to settle locally.
Most of them agreed that the researcher should pursue this
Mechanical Engineer because it offers a very good
opportunity and if the researcher really has the passion for
it then the researcher should go for it.
Mechanical Engineering definitely would not be an easy
course and as a profession but if you have the passion for
it
and you are determined enough to get the job then everything
will fall into its right places.
All this information enlightened and helped the

researcher decide whether Mechanical Engineering is really a
good choice as a profession in the future and based on the
data gathered from the online survey and related literature,
the researcher thought of actually pursuing Mechanical
Engineering in time to come.
References
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,

Occupational Outlook Handbook Mechanical Engineers. (2019,
September 4). Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mzfrwvu
Doyle, A. (2019, January 15). Important Job Skills for

Mechanical Engineers. Retrieved from
https://tinyurl.com/ytd2g
Fatah, I.Y, Hamzah, N. W Omar A.S, Zaharim, A. (2019,

December) Professional Skills Requirement of Mechanical
Engineers. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/sa33729
Huntington, M. (2017, September 26). Job Skills required for

a Mechanical Engineer. Retrieved from
https://tinyurl.com/uj7kh2
Kearl, M. (2019, October 28). The Pros and Cons of Becoming

a Mechanical Engineer. Retrieved from
https://tinyurl.com/wvb93d
Kosowatz, J. (2018, February 9). Salaries are Up for
Page 132
Mechanical Engineers. Retrieved from
https://tinyurl.com/remsd
Mowlaee, N. (2017, February 12). Top 3 Jobs Highest

Mechanical Engineer Salary. Retrieved from
https://tinyurl.com/r5soeee
Cogswell, S.J. (2017, January 11). Pros and Cons of being a

Mechanical Engineer. Retrieved from
https://tinyurl.com/upgqb3

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for FINAL OUTPUT: Data Analysis

Sample Research 1.

J.Hernandez Street Naga City
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN
TOURISM MANAGEMENT

In
Partial fulfillment
JOHN CHRISTOPHER A. PUNZALAN

Researcher

March 2020
Page 134
Introduction
The researcher will conduct a study about flight

attendants to know the things to consider in pursuing this
career. Even though the researcher had a lot of other choices.
The researcher thought that traveling the world, meeting new
people, experiencing new cultures as a Flight Attendant would
be very exciting. The researcher is intrigued in learning more
about this career.
This study aims to answer the questions of the researcher

about flight attendants such as the qualifications, salary,
etc. The researcher conducted a survey in order to gather more
data about this chosen career and can also help the researcher
in making the decision in either to pursue or think of another
career.
This study will also help the researcher and future

researchers in knowing more vital information about flight
attendants. It will also help the researcher to become more
practical in terms of decision making. Nowadays students are
not really sure of what career to take or pursue. This study
might help, or serve as a guide for students who are planning
to be flight attendants in the future.
The following are the ten questions provided to the ten

selected respondents from Mariners Polytechnic Colleges
Foundation;
1. What do you like the most about this course?

2. What school do you recommend for this course?
Why? 3. What company/airline do you prefer? Why?
4. Do you know the minimum and maximum salary of flight
attendants? How much?
5. What are the learnings I should gain from this course?
6. What are the training needed to pursue your career? 7.
What are the skills that you have learned/enhanced upon
taking this course?
8. What are the challenges that you have faced in this
course? How well did you handle them
9. How were you able to manage your time between school and
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personal life?
10. What are the requirements needed in becoming a flight
attendant?
The purpose of this study is to discover facts and vital

information about flight attendants and is only limited to
general informations such as the requirements and
qualifications for flight attendants, the needed skills for
flight attendants, the salary starting from the minimum up
until the maximum, the benefits/advantages and the
disadvantages/risks of being a flight attendant.
This study will help Junior High School and Senior High
School students who are aspiring to be flight attendants or
who have not yet decided on what course or career to pursue
and this study can also be a help for College graduates that
don't have an occupation yet.
The researcher chose students from Mariners Polytechnic

Colleges Foundation taking the course of BS Tourism Management
as the respondents for the survey. The researcher have
selected ten respondents to answer the survey which consists
of ten questions. The researcher did not control the year
level, the age, and the gender of the respondents. The survey
will be given and will be taken personally to ensure a hundred
percent sincere and reliable response.
This part of the research includes articles, journals,

generalization or conclusions, etc. in accordance with vital
information about Flight Attendants and to also gain more
understanding about the said career.
Health Related Literature
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2019),

Flight attendants have one of the highest rates of injuries
and illnesses of all occupations. To avoid injuries, these
workers must follow safety procedures. For example, they must
ensure that overhead compartments are closed, especially
during turbulence, so that carry-on items don’t fall and
present a risk to all in the cabin. Attendants also ensure
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that carts are properly stowed and latched during aircraft
emergencies to avoid injuries to passengers and themselves.
According to Narienberg (2018), Researchers found that

women and men on U.S. cabin crews have higher rates of many
types of cancer, compared with the general population. This
includes cancers of the breast, cervix, skin, thyroid and
uterus, as well as gastrointestinal system cancers, which
include colon, stomach, esophageal, liver and pancreatic
cancers. Due to exposure of known and potential carcinogens,
or cancer-causing agents, within their work environment.
According to Narienberg (2018), The researchers found

that in female flight attendants, the rates of breast cancer
were about 50 percent higher than in women from the general
population. In addition, melanoma rates were more than two
times higher and nonmelanoma skin cancer rates were about four
times higher in female flight attendants compared with women
from the general population. (Nonmelanoma skin cancers include
basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.)
According to Horton, et al (2011), The purpose of this

study was to explore the prevalence rates of co-occurring
mental health problems among 70 flight attendants in substance
abuse treatment. Results indicated that flight attendants in
treatment were more likely to experience alcohol dependency
than drug dependency. A high proportion of participants
reported clinical levels of anxiety, major depressive
disorder, dysthymia, and dependent personality disorder.
Quality of life indicators suggested that the flight
attendants were slightly above average in life satisfaction
for a treatment population. Implications for clinical practice
with this population were also discussed.
Benefits Related Literature
According to Meier(2018), In addition to traveling, while

on the job, you will also enjoy free flights, when you are not
on the clock. After working for just 30 days, you will have
the ability to travel to locations serviced by the airline.
Family and friends can also travel for free or reduced fares.
When you travel internationally, you may incur airport fees,
but the bulk of your travel costs is free of charge. Seats are
available, based upon availability, so flexible travel plans
are key.
According to Meier(2018), Aviation safety guidelines
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limit flight attendants to 95 work hours per month. Despite
being paid for a full-time job, the hours are significantly
less than 40 hours per week. Flight attendants often fly a two
to four day trip and then, have the rest of the week off. This
means that a full-time, salaried job includes 10 to 20 days
off, per month. A flexible schedule means more time with
family, leisure trips, or even the opportunity to work a
second job. Seniority allows flight attendants to choose
specific destinations and preferential schedules.
Education Related Literature
According to Cueto (2018), the basic educational

requirement for flight attendant jobs is a high school diploma
or the equivalent, although the airlines prefer college grads,
according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Among flight
attendants between the ages of 25 and 44, only 4.6 percent
have less than high school, while 23.1 percent have a high
school diploma or the equivalent. An additional 31.7 percent
have some college, and 10.9 percent have an associate degree.
A full 26.3 percent have a bachelor's degree, making it the
most common degree.
According to U.S. Department of Labor and Employment

(2011), Despite growing demand for Flight Attendants,
competition is expected to be keen because this job usually
attracts more applicants than there are jobs, with only the
most qualified eventually being hired. College graduates who
have experience dealing with the public should have the best
chance of being hired. Job opportunities may be better with
the faster growing regional and commuter, low-cost, and
charter airlines. There also are job opportunities for
professionally trained flight attendants to work for companies
operating private aircraft for their executives. Flight
Attendants may also be employed in the following industries:
Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication;
and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities.
According to Department of Labor and Employment (2010),

There is no specific educational requirement to be a Flight
Attendant. However, employers often prefer applicants with a
bachelor's degree. A four-year course would normally range
from P30,000 - P55,000 per semester in private universities
and about P3,500 to P10,000 in public institutions.
Salary Related Literature
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According to Bureau of Labor and Statistics (2018), The
median annual wage for flight attendants was $56,000 in May
2018. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in
an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned
less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $28,950, and the
highest 10 percent earned more than $80,870.
According to Department of Labor and Employment (2011),

In the Philippines, a Flight Attendant’s entry level salary
ranges from P18,000 - P26,000 per month and may even go up to
P36,000 to P54,000 per month for those highly-trained and
experienced. Overseas such as in the U.S. & Canada, the
average annual salary for a flight attendant is $43,350 or
$3,612 per month.
Requirements and Qualifications Related Literature
According to Sirikanjanawong, et al. (2018), The

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has
established English Language Proficiency Requirements (LPRs)
for all flight crews operating on international routes, all
air traffic controllers who communicate with foreign pilots,
and air professionals. It is much more efficient if the flight
attendant can speak and understand the English language
fluently.
According to Farnen (2018),To become a flight attendant,

you have to be at least 18 years old -- and have a high school
diploma or the equivalent. You also must qualify to work in
the United States and have a valid passport. You'll need 20/40
vision or better with correction -- and will have to pass a
medical exam and a background check. Airlines also have height
requirements, as flight attendants must be able to reach the
overhead bins.
According to Stergar (2005), Each profession has a

special set of qualifications. Flight attendants must meet the
demands of the task given to them. To be able to perform the
tasks required of this profession, candidates, in addition to
other demands, have to fulfill special health criteria
(Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, nr. 72/02,
62/08, and 7/09; Regulations on Cabin Crew Licensing in
Farčnik, 2012). Most important Flight attendants are required
to maintain their physical condition also to watch
their diet.
According to Wallner (2000), to become a flight
Page 139
attendant, one needs to meet age requirements which on the
policies each airline agency has, but usually he or she has to
be at least 19 years old, have a high school diploma, at least
two years of college or two years of customer service
experience Airline’s requirements of height may differ.
Fundamentally, airline requirements of the height of flight
attendants are at least 5 feet 2 inches in order to reach the
overhead bins called arm reach.
Methods and Results
To gain some general information about flight attendants,

the researcher conducted a survey on ten students from
Mariners Polytechnic Colleges Foundation with no specific year
level, gender, and age. The survey consists of ten questions
that are about flight attendants requirements and
qualifications, the needed skills for flight attendants, the
salary starting from the minimum up until the maximum, the
benefits/advantages and the disadvantages/risks of being a
flight attendant and about the BS Tourism Management course.
Question 1: What do you like the most about this course?
Respondent No. 1: In this course there are a lot of

opportunities when it comes to occupations in the near future.
Respondent No. 2: This course helps me to learn and discover

various cultures and traditions all over the world.
Respondent No. 3 I like this course because it can offer you a

lot of job opportunities also it has a lot of benefits.
Respondent No. 4: I like this course because it helps me to

gain more knowledge about our country and other countries.
Respondent No. 5: This course enables the student to acquire

different skills in order to be resilient in the industry.
Respondent No. 6: I like this course because it can help me

achieve my desired career which is to become a flight
attendant.
Respondent No. 7: Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
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helped me to know more about different cultures and I like it
because it can help me achieve my goal in life.
Respondent No. 8: Other than aiming to be a flight attendant,

what I like the most about this course is learning about the
Philippine culture, Global cultures and tourism geography.
Respondent No. 9: One of my biggest dreams is to be a flight

attendant. This course can help me pursue that dream and also
to know more about airlines, countries, and different
cultures.
Respondent No. 10: This course can give you a lot of job
opportunities. You just don’t focus on being a flight
attendant but also for other jobs in hotels, restaurants, and
the ground staff in an airline company.
Question 2: What school do you recommend for this course? Why?
Respondent No. 2: I would recommend Mariners Polytechnic

Colleges Foundation, because it specializes in tourism
management.

Colleges Foundation, because it is known for their tourism
management course.

Colleges Foundation, because they offer tourism management,
not just tourism courses.

Colleges Foundation, because this school provides quality
education in this specific course.

Colleges Foundation, because it offers the best training if
you want to be a flight attendant.

Colleges Foundation, because it offers good quality education
that would really help the students.

Colleges Foundation, because I know there are many students
who became flight attendants that studied here in mariners.
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Colleges Foundation, because other than teaching students, the
school makes the students job ready due to its benefits.
Respondent No. 1: I would recommend the Mariners Polytechnic

Colleges Foundation, because in this school there are a lot of
seminars, trainings, workshops that will help you in the near
future.

Colleges Foundation, because they are known for their tourism
management course. They also have teachers that were former
flight attendants.
Question 3: What company/airline do you prefer? Why?
Respondent No. 9: I prefer Philippine Airlines, because they

are well known in our country.
Respondent No. 2: Philippine Airlines, because it is the flag

carrier of the Philippines.
Respondent No. 1: I prefer Emirates, because it has a high

salary and it is a high class airline.
Respondent No. 3: I prefer Philippine Airlines, because I

would like to work on one of our airlines.
Respondent No. 8: I would prefer Philippine Airlines, because

I would only like to serve nationally.
Respondent No. 4: I prefer Philippine Airlines, as my starting

airline in being a flight attendant.
Respondent No. 10: I prefer the Philippine Airlines, because

it is very famous here in the philippines.
Respondent No. 7: I prefer Philippine Airlines, because I want

to show different tourists how Filipinos can be hospitable.
Respondent No. 6: I prefer international airlines because it

has a much higher salary and I want to travel the world.
Respondent No. 5: Philippine Airlines, because I want to work,

exert my skills and capabilities to the tourists that will
visit the Philippines and also I want to serve our people.
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Question 4: Do you know the minimum and maximum salary of
flight attendants? How much?
Respondent No. 1: 20k minimum.
Respondent No. 6: I think it’s P80,000
Respondent No. 9: I guess it ranges from 100k to 200k.
Respondent No. 4: I think it's around 20k to 80k.
Respondent No. 2: As far as I know it starts from P20,000.
Respondent No. 8: I think the minimum is 100k and the maximum

is 200k.
Respondent No. 10: I think the minimum is 80k and the maximum
is 150k.
Respondent No. 5: It depends on the airlines but I think the

minimum is at least P20,000.
Respondent No. 3: I don’t know but in my own understanding I

think it depends on the airlines.
Respondent No. 7: I think the minimum is 20k if you are just

starting but I think it will still go up and it depends on the
airline.
Question 5: What are the learnings I should gain from this

course?
Respondent No. 7: Proper manners.
Respondent No. 8: Hospitability, Time Management.
Respondent No. 3: Airline Codes, Phonetic alphabets.
Respondent No. 4: You will learn how to be more hospitable.
Respondent No. 6: Communication skills and proper manners.
Respondent No. 9: Being on time, proper etiquette, how to be

confident.
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Respondent No. 5: Communication skills and different
languages.
Respondent No. 10: You can learn about the different places
and capitals and the different cultures and traditions.
Respondent No. 1: You will learn about the different places in

our country and its beauty.
Respondent No. 2: Being professional in treating different

people with different personalities.
Question 6: What are the training needed to pursue your
career? Respondent No. 9: Communication training.
Respondent No. 6: Tour Guiding.
Respondent No. 1: Flight attendant training.
Respondent No. 3: Communication training.
Respondent No. 7: Water survival, first aid.
Respondent No. 5: Personality development.
Respondent No. 10: Flight attendant training. Rodolfo
Agagad: Basic first aid, Flight attendant training.
Question 7: What are the skills that you have learned/enhanced

upon taking this course?
Respondent No. 9: Self confidence.
Respondent No. 6: Communication skills.
Respondent No. 8: Flexibility, fluency, confidence.
Respondent No. 4: Communication skills and fluency.
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Respondent No. 2: My communication skills and confidence.
Respondent No. 3: It enhanced my self esteem and my
confidence.
Respondent no. 7: Communication skills, confidence, and

memorization.
Respondent No. 1: Confidence, hospitability, pleasing

personality, and to be more presentable.
Respondent No. 10: Time management, proper body posture,

communication skills, fluency in speaking.
Respondent No. 5: Communication skills this course really

helped me to be able to communicate well with others.
Upon taking the course seven respondents enhanced their

communication skills, while six respondents enhanced their
self confidence.
Question 8: What are the challenges that you have faced in

this course? How well did you handle them?
Respondent No. 9: Memorizing the places in our country.
Respondent No. 8: I haven’t faced any challenges in this

course.
Respondent No. 4: Memorization of the capital of every country

in the Philippines.
Respondent No. 6: Memorizing all the regional centers, 81

provinces in the Philippines and the capital of those
provinces.
Respondent No. 1: I think the challenges that I faced in this

course is memorizing the capital, regions, cultures, festivals
in our country.
Respondent No. 3: The challenge that I have faced is

familiarizing every attraction, culture and places in diff
parts of the world.
Respondent No. 2: As for now, memorizing the regional center
Page 145
and its capital and I handle them by memorizing little by
little and by region each day.
Respondent No. 5: My stage fright but because of the guidance

and support I was able to handle it and also memorization of
different places.
Respondent No. 10: So far the challenges that I haved is

memorizing the places in the Philippines and the capitals. I
handle them by memorizing them bit by bit.
Respondent No. 7: The challenge that I have faced for now is

the swimming class because it is hard for me to swim and to
memorize but I always think to survive and keep on learning.
Question 9: How were you able to manage your time between

school and personal life?
Respondent No. 9: Time management.
Respondent No. 3: Responsibility and Time management.
Respondent No. 10: By knowing my priorities and limitations

and also by having time management.
Respondent No. 5: I am able to manage my time between school

and personal life by doing time management.
Respondent No. 2: I focus more on studying and reviewing

lessons but I also have time to relax and enjoy by having time
management.
Question 10: What are the requirements needed in becoming a

flight attendant?
Respondent No. 4: Height, pleasing personality
Page 146
Respondent No. 2: The height and a pleasing
personality. Respondent No. 5: Communication skills,
and height.
Respondent No. 6: Pleasing personality, and the height.
Respondent No. 8: Height, good in communicating and a fluent

speaker.
Respondent No. 1: Height at least 5’2, pleasing personality,

good looking.
Respondent No. 3: Height, physically fit, and a pleasing

personality.
Respondent No. 10: Height, weight, educational background,

pleasing personality.
Respondent No. 9: The requirements for flight attendants are

height, pleasing personality, and communication skills.
Respondent No. 7: Height, good set of teeth, have good

communication skills, and a pleasing personality.

Page 147

Page 148
Sample Research 2

J. Hernandez St. Naga City
Culinary Chef A Career Research Paper

in
Partial fulfillment for Practical Research 1
CHRISTIAN JAY BANIA

Researcher
MARIA CHRISTINE RUBIO

March 2020
Abstract
Page 149
The study is to show how it will be like to become a
Chef. Being a chef is hard and tiring. The academic and
non-academic requirements that you need to finish/qualify
for are also rigorous. I examined articles that will allow
me to get information about the career that I have chosen.
The career requires a lot of patience and hard work that
can surely tire out a person. I examined data to know what
are the best culinary schools in the country. The study
will also tackle the necessary requirements to be eligible.
I also interviewed 10 culinary students to get first-hand
about being a culinary student. The interviews will provide
further information to help me answer my questions about my
chosen profession. This research will provide valuable
information regarding the day-to-day work of a Chef.
Introduction
The researcher will conduct a study about culinary

arts to discover facts and opinions. The researcher chose
this topic because of curiosity of what the chefs do, and
also the researcher has been interested in foodservice and
hospitality ever since, at the age of 10 years old.
The researcher aims to have a further understanding

about the salary of a chef and strategies to become a
better chef. This will help future researchers that want to
be a chef discover meaningful, relevant and updated
information on what it is really like to be a culinary
chef. This will also help the students make a more informed
decision, before investing time and money into a course
that will lead to this profession.
The following are the questions that the researcher

provided to the respondents;
1. What do you like the most about your course?

2. What school would you recommend that offers the
best training related to this course?
3. What are the things that the future chef needs to
know? 4. What are the necessary training that a
future chef must undergo?
5. How long does it take to finish a culinary arts
course? 6. Have you ever worked in a restaurant? How
did it help you improve your skills necessary in
your desired job? 7. How much does it cost to take a
Page 150
culinary arts course? 8. What characteristics you
should have to be able to pass this course?
9. Do you know the minimum and maximum salary of a
chef? How much does it take?
10. What are the problems you've encountered while
taking this course? How did you handle it?
Scope and Limitation
The study is intended for getting the factual

information to the students who want to be a culinary chef,
specifically the college student. These students will help
the researcher to have further knowledge on how to be a
better chef.
This study will only focus on the students of Punlaan

School, Mariners Polytechnic Colleges. This School will be
the bridging instrument for this study to make it more
reliable.
The study would be done through the use of

questionnaires to the students as a survey and reference.
By their answer the researchers will be able to know
relevant and updated information on what it is really like
to be a culinary chef.
The respondents must be culinary arts students, the

researcher needs 10 culinary students to answer the 10
questions which are prepared by the researcher. The results
from the survey will be the main source of data of the
study. The researcher expects that the respondents will
accomplish the interview and survey through online and
personal interviews. The researcher did not control the
age, gender, and the year level of the respondents.
This part includes all the ideas, finished thesis,

generalization or conclusions, and others. Those that were
included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information
that are relevant to the present study.
Salary
Page 151
According to Mckay (2019) Pay for chefs and cooks can
vary depending on the position and the size of the
restaurant. Entry-level positions as cooks can be
relatively low paying, while head chefs in top restaurants
can earn quite a bit of money. For the Median Annual Salary
the salary will be 48, 460 dollar( $23.30/hour).For the Top
10% Annual Salary will be $81,150 ($39.01/hour). For the
Bottom 10% Annual Salary will be $26,320 ($12.65/hour)
According to Petersen et.al (2018)In recent years,

people have become more conscious of the food they eat. As
a result, there has been increased interest in cooking and
the work of a chef. Professional chefs face demanding
schedules and work in what is often a chaotic environment.
Yet, they also get to ensure that restaurant and hotel
guests can enjoy the delicious food they prepare.
As cited from Prospects.ac.uk.com (2018) Typical

starting salaries for commis chefs are between £12,000 and
£16,000. More experienced chefs, such as sous chefs, earn
between £20,000 and £30,000.Head chefs can expect higher
salaries of £25,000 to £55,000+.Salaries differ
significantly depending on where you work, both in terms of
the setting and region. For instance, a sous chef in a
Michelin-starred restaurant might earn more than someone in
an equivalent position in contract catering. In some
places, such as smaller kitchens, your role may be referred
to as general chef.
According to Panlasang Pinoy (2015) It has been said

too many times that chef salary surmounts to a whopping
amount of cash. This is also the reason why some people
decide to venture into this profession. Truth be told, the
promise of a big salary should not be the sole reason for
wanting to become a chef. It should also be about interest
and passion. Aside from that, if you are aspiring to become
a chef, it is best to set your expectations right when it
comes to potential salary. That way, your mind would not be
clouded by incorrect assumptions and you would not end up
disappointed in the future. In the United States, chef
salary is somewhere between $23,000 up to $50,000. This
annual average is applicable for novice to sous chef
positions. For higher chef positions like chief, executive
and others, the salary ranges from $33,000 up to $84,000.
The salary will also depend on the degree of education,
city of employment and other terms and conditions from the
employer.
Page 152
According to Hertzman et.al (2012), The cost of an
associate degree in culinary or baking and pastry arts
varies significantly depending on whether the program is
housed in a public, private for-profit, or nonprofit
institution. The results showed that graduates of private
for-profit schools were significantly less satisfied than
those of public and private nonprofit programs.
Cooking Skills
According to Donohoe (2018) Culinary chefs use their

leadership and cooking skills to ensure that the kitchen
staff work together to safely and efficiently make food
that pleases guests. Learning many of their skills on the
job, chefs not only prepare and cook the food, but also use
their creativity to come up with new recipes and dishes for
restaurants to offer. Being a chef can be a good choice if
you love to cook and come up with new ideas in the kitchen,
and don't mind taking on a leadership role. How much money
you can make as a chef depends on how much experience you
have, the type of restaurant or other setting you work in,
and whether you specialize in a particular style of
cooking. Having the option to run your own kitchen or
restaurant is a possibility that can increase your earnings
and give you some flexibility with your work schedule.
According to Nutrição (2018) This paper aimed to

conduct a literature review about the concept of cooking
skills to contribute to the scientific debate about the
subject. cooking skills, cooking and food/meal preparation.
We also consulted references cited by these papers,
electronic dictionaries, technical documents found on
public and private institutional websites, as well as
books. Basic, etymological/vernacular and systematic
definitions for cooking were identified, including
historical global and national contexts. To conceptualize
cooking skills, categories related to food and individuals
were established, proposing a conceptual model. The
category related to individuals involved dimensions such as
confidence, attitudes, behavior, and individual knowledge
used to prepare foods. The historical definitions of
cooking allowed us to clarify the concept of cooking
skills.
According to Surgenor et.al (2016) Cooking skills are

increasingly included in strategies to prevent and reduce
chronic diet-related diseases and obesity. While cooking
Page 153
interventions target all age groups (Child, Teen and
Adult), the optimal age for learning these skills on skills
retention, cooking practices, cooking attitudes, diet
quality and health is unknown. Similarly, although the
source of learning cooking skills has been previously
studied, the differences in learning from these different
sources has not been considered. This research investigated
the associations of age and source of learning with the
aforementioned five factors.
According to Garcia et.al (2016) Community-based

interventions aiming to improve cooking skills are a
popular strategy to promote healthy eating. We reviewed
current evidence on the effectiveness of these
interventions on different confidence aspects and fruit and
vegetable intake.
According to Richard (2013) arts education has

remained largely unchanged for more than a century. Since
the time of Auguste Escoffier, students have been taught
French classical cookery using a master-apprentice model of
education that began in the Middle Ages. It has been said
too many times that chef salary surmounts to a whopping
amount of cash. This is also the reason why some people
decide to venture into this profession. Truth be told, the
promise of a big salary should not be the sole reason for
wanting to become a chef. It should also be about interest
and passion. Aside from that, if you are aspiring to become
a chef, it is best to set your expectations right when it
comes to potential salary. That way, your mind would not be
clouded by incorrect assumptions and you would not end up
disappointed in the future.
According to Bartholomew (2011) This qualitative study

investigated the career success of three elite women chefs
in fine dining restaurants to identify the processes and
conditions that enabled them to achieve and maintain
executive chef positions in this historically male-
dominated field. Each chef manifested an early passion for
food. Drive, determination, talent, and a strong work ethic
surfaced as they secured initial culinary training. To
maintain and expand their success, it was necessary for
them to create celebrity for themselves and their
restaurants. The conflict created when these women
attempted to balance work and family life was of such
significance.
Page 154
According to Engler-Stringer (2010) First, cooking and
cooking skills are examined, along with the ambiguities
related to terms associated with cooking in the research
literature. Food choice, cooking, and health are described,
particularly in relation to economic factors that may lead
to health inequalities within the population. The
importance of developing an understanding of factors within
the wider food system as part of food choice and cooking
skills is presented, and gaps in the research literature
are examined and areas for future research are presented.
According to Meching (2004) This review synthesizes the

empirical literature focusing on teaching cooking skills to
persons with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities.
Twenty-two studies were identified which provided
information on four forms of technologies currently being
used to teach food preparation video-based systems.
Implications for instruction and future research are
discussed based on the results of review.
According to Pratten (2003), The development of the UK

restaurant industry is briefly outlined, and then the study
seeks to examine the skills and characteristics needed to
progress as a chef. Rather than describe the factors that
drive workers from the trade, they are explored as problems
which must be accepted and overcome, and virtues which must
be acquired if anyone aspires to become a great chef.
Methods and Result
To get straight hand information about the chosen

profession which is being a chef, I conducted an online
survey/interview with 10 students of Mariners Polytechnic
Colleges and Punlaan School that has a course of culinary
arts. The survey/interview was uploaded to Google Forms and
the students answered it online.
Question 1: What do you like the most about your course?
Respondent 1: What I like the most is when we are baking

and cooking some dishes.
Respondent 2: The new skills and experience that we learn.
Respondent 3: I get new information that later I can use in

my future career.
Page 155
Respondent 4: I can use it in the future, because someday I
want to put up a restaurant.
Respondent 5: The thing that I like about this course is

that I can acquire my knowledge.
Respondent 6: What I like the most about my course is cooking.
Respondent 7: The thing that I like about this course is

having a new knowledge in cooking.
Respondent 8: What I like the most is when we are baking

and cooking some dishes.
Respondent 9: I like the most in my course when we are

doing laboratory and cooking some dishes, and I'm proud
that I did it easily.
Question 2: What school would you recommend that offers the

best training related to this course?
Respondent 1: Punlaan School
Respondent 2: Mariners Polytechnic Colleges
Respondent 5: On Mariners Polytechnic Colleges.
Respondent 6: The school that I recommend that offers

the best training related to my course is Mariners
Polytechnic Colleges.
Respondent 7: The school that I recommend that offers

the best training related to my course is Mariners
Polytechnic Colleges.
Respondent 8: I would like to recommend the Mariners

Polytechnic Colleges because it has the best training
that is related to this course.
Respondent 9: I would like to recommend training in

BISCAST, because there are a lot of courses that offer
Page 156
and have good facilities and also the trainers are
good teachers.
Question 3: What are the things that the future chef needs
to know?
Respondent 1: Skills, knowledge, and attitude.
Respondent 2: We should have skills and
knowledge. Respondent 3: we should have knowledge
of this course. Respondent 4: We should have
knowledge about cooking.
Respondent 5: Should have a, lot of knowledge in

cooking
Respondent 6: Let's start from the basics, the

proper handling of knives and hygiene is a must.
Respondent 7: How to manage the customers and the

business. And what the customers like the most.
Respondent 8: How to work under pressure,

socialize with co-workers and be knowledgeable
about his/her job.
Respondent 9: The most important things that need

to know for being a chef are the skills, knowledge
and attitude.
Question 4: What are the necessary training that a future

chef must undergo?
Respondent 1: Attending school and doing laboratory
work. Respondent 2: Attending school and doing
laboratory work. Respondent 3: We must attend school
and do laboratory work.
Respondent 4: The necessary thing that the future chef
Page 157
must undergo is laboratory work.
Respondent 5: Attending school and laboratory that’s

the thing the future chef must undergo.
Respondent 6: The future chef must undergo is

attending school and doing laboratory works.
Respondent 7: Know the different measurements, must

know how to cook or bake and always be passionate
about what you do.
Respondent 8: To take a culinary arts course training

and take a national certificate II (NCII).
Respondent 9: The training that a future chef needs to

do is attending school and doing laboratory work.
Question 5: How long does it take to finish a culinary arts

course?
Respondent 1: 2 to 4 years.
Respondent 4: 4 years in college.
Respondent 5: 4 years in college.
Respondent 6: 4 years to be exact.
Respondent 7: 4 years to finish culinary arts.
Respondent 8: 4 years to finish culinary arts.
Respondent 9: 2 to 4 years to finish this course.
Question 6: Have you ever worked in a restaurant? How did

it help you improve your skills necessary in your desired
job?
Respondent 1: No experience.
Page 158
Respondent 2: No experience.
Respondent 3: Yes, I already had and it helps me alot

in my course.
Respondent 4: Yes, I already had and it helps me alot

in my course.
Respondent 5: Yes, it helps me to improve my skill by

doing the task.
Respondent 6: Yes, it helps me to improve and develop

my skills, and gain knowledge.
Respondent 7: Yes, it improves my skills and knowledge

and also I can apply it to my course.
Respondent 8: I already had experience in a

restaurant, that's why it helps me to improve my
skills and also how to interact with people.
Respondent 9: Yes, I have experience in a restaurant,

that's why it helps me to improve my knowledge, skills
and how to interact with other people.
Question 7: How much does it cost to take a culinary arts

course?
Respondent 1: Depends on what we need to cook.
Respondent 2: I am a scholar in punlaan school.
Respondent 3: Depends on what we need to cook.
Respondent 4: It depends on what kind of dish we need

to cook.
Respondent 5: The students of the Punlaan School are

all scholars.
Respondent 6: It depends if you are in a private

school then it's expensive.
Respondent 7: It depends on what school you would like

to take a culinary arts course.
Page 159
Respondent 9: It depends on your school since I am
studying in a public school. It's free, the raw
materials are the cost that I spend.
Question 8: What characteristics you should have to be able

to pass this course?
Respondent 1: Be passionate.
Respondent 2: You need to have determination.
Respondent 3: You need to have good communication skills.
Respondent 4: The characteristics that I should have

is cooperation.
Respondent 5: You should have determination and you

love what you are doing.
Respondent 6: The characteristics that I should have

to pass this course is having skills and knowledge.
Respondent 7: Patience, Good communication skills,

Punctuality, Initiative, Integrity and Cooperation.
Respondent 8: You must have proper knowledge, greater

skills, and good attitude as our teacher told us to
pass this course.
Respondent 9: Our professor told us that you need to

have a good attitude, proper knowledge and skill to
finish this course.
Question 9: Do you know the minimum and maximum salary of a

chef? How much does it take?
Respondent 1: no
Respondent 2: no idea.
Respondent 3: I don't know.
Respondent 4: I don't have any idea.
Page 160
Respondent 7: Sorry, I don't have an idea.
Respondent 8: I don't know, but I believe to be a chef

you have a high salary.
Respondent 9: I don't have much idea but for sure the

maximum salary is a huge good for my future.
Question 10: What are the problems you've encountered while

taking this course? How did you handle it?
Respondent 1: The problems that I've encountered are

lack of financial support.
Respondent 2: Sometimes you can feel the pressure if

you are in the position of cooking something with a
limited time.
Respondent 3: One of the problems that i encountered

is lack of money or budget.
Respondent 4: Sometimes you can feel the pressure if

you are in the position of cooking something with a
limited time.
Respondent 5: The problems that I encountered while

taking this course are lack of budget and limited time
when we are cooking.
Respondent 6: The problems that I encountered while

taking this course are limited time when cooking and
sometimes lack of budget.
Respondent 7: Sometimes I lack financial, and

techniques for every laboratory we did, but it can
enhance through learning.
Respondent 8: Pressure and Time management. By doing

the school work on time and prioritizing things more
important than others.
Page 161
Respondent 9: Sometimes it has an accident during the
task, but on the next task I will make sure that it
will never happen again.
Page 162

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Published in the Philippines by the University of Nueva Caceres

SECTION 2: Data Analysis

2.2 Wiki: Guidelines for Data Analysis Week 4-5

2.3 Wiki: Conclusion and Recommendation Week 4-5

2.4 FINAL OUTPUT: Data Analysis Week 6-8

Final Output 60%

Wiki: Research Paper I Week 1-2

Wiki: Guidelines on How to Critique a Research Paper Week 1-2

MILESTONE: Critique a Research Paper Week 3-4

Section 1: Critique a Research Paper

Title Wiki: Research Paper I

Timeline Week 1-2

Objectives Introduction to the concepts of research papers by reading the wiki

WHAT IS A RESEARCH PAPER?

University of Nueva Caceres

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT

A Career Research Paper

MARIA CHRISTINE B. RUBIO

The researcher will conduct a study about all the

This study aims to answer all the questions that

Instilling the importance of the study, the study

The following are the ten questions that will lead

1.) What do you like most about this course?

Scope and limitation

This study covers the following things and factors that

There are qualifications such as problem-solving skills

The researcher expects to have a solid but easy to

The researcher has chosen students of tourism pursuing

The researcher had 10 questions that were in accordance

Review of related literature

This part includes articles, journals, and pieces

Schedule and position

According to Mckay, (2019) With your training

According to Chen, (2011) This study investigates

Cited from Bureau of Local Employment, (2011),

According to Kokemuller, (2018) Flight attendants have

According to Sirikanjanawong, et. al, (2018) “The

According to Cueto, (2016) “The curriculum must also

Cited from the Bureau of Local Employment, (2011), A

Health Risks and Concerns

According to Mcneely, (2018) Compared to the NHANES

According to Grajewski, (2015) Cosmic radiation

According to Ilkhanizadeh, (2016) The structural

According to Chang, et. al., (2009) The feeling of

As cited from FindUniversity.ph, (2014), there are 9

According to Lessor, (2007) “The Civil Rights Movement

Cited from Bureau of Local Employment, (2011), In the

This part of the study presents the research method

The students/respondents are from two reputable

1.) What do you like most about this course?

2.) Do you know other schools that offer the same

3.) Except for tourism, what other courses do you know

4.) After graduating in the course, in what airlines

5.) Do you know the salary of a flight attendant?

6.) What training is necessary for the job?

8.) What's the most important thing you should

9.) What are the challenges that you've faced in this

10.) Have you already experienced riding a plane

Figure 10, summarizes all the answers of the

This part of the study includes the conclusion of

For the question “What do you like most about this

The third question was “Except for tourism, what