K. D.K.

College of Engineering, Nagpur

Department of Mechanical Engineering

EXPERIMENT NO. 2
AIM: - 3-D Geometric modeling of an Engineering object, demonstrating extrude, revolve and loft
commands.

2.1 Introduction to 3-D geometric Modeling:

In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling (or three-dimensional modeling) is the process of developing a
mathematical representation of any surface of an object (either inanimate or living) in three
dimensions via specialized software. The product is called a 3D model. Someone, who works with 3D
models may be referred to as a 3D artist. It can be displayed as a two-dimensional image through a
process called 3D rendering or used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena.

Geometric model in CAD can also be classified as being either wire-frame models are solid models. A
wireframe models uses interconnecting lines to depict the object. Wireframe models of
complicated geometries can become somewhat confusing because all of the lines depicting the shape of
the object are usually shown, even the lines representing the other side of the object. Techniques are
available for removing these so called hidden lines, but even with line improvement, wireframe
representation is still often inadequate. Solid models are a more recent development in geometric
modeling. In solid modeling, an object is modeled in solid three dimensions, providing the user with a
vision of the object very much like it would be seen in real life.

(a) Wire-frame Model (b) Solid Model

2.2 Advantages of wireframe 3D modeling over exclusively 2D methods include:
 Flexibility, ability to change angles or animate images with quicker rendering of the
changes;
 Ease of rendering, automatic calculation and rendering photorealistic effects rather than
mentally visualizing or estimating;
 Accurate photorealism, less chance of human error in misplacing, overdoing, or
forgetting to include a visual effect.
Disadvantages compare to 2D photorealistic rendering may include a software learning
curve and difficulty achieving certain photorealistic effects. Some photorealistic effects
may be achieved with special rendering filters included in the 3D modeling software.
For the best of both worlds, some artists use a combination of 3D modeling followed by
editing the 2D computer-rendered images from the 3D model.

2.3) 3-D Modeling Commands:

The following are the basic commands in 3-D geometric modeling.

ERASE: Erases entities from the drawing.

Command: ERASE (enter)
Select objects or Window or Last: (Select objects to be erased and press enter when finished)

EXTRUDE: Lengthens a line to end precisely at a boundary edge.

Command: Extend (enter)
Select boundary edge(s)...
Select Objects (pick the line which represents the boundary edge which lines will be extended
to)
(press enter when finished selecting cutting edges)
<Select object to extend>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need to be extended

TRIM: Trims a line to end precisely at a cutting edge.

Command: Trim (enter)
Select cutting edge(s)...
Select Objects (pick the line which represents the cutting edge of line in which objects will be
trimmed to)
(press enter when finished selecting cutting edges)
<Select object to trim>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need to be trimmed)

Loft command:-
2.4) 3-D Geometric Models:

The following are the 3-D geometric models created by using Creo Parametric 2.0 software.

Figure: 3-D Geometric Model

Figure: Extrude Command

 Figure: Revolve Command

Figure: Swept & Blend Command