TRANSIENT CONDUCTION

1) In a quenching process a copper plate of 3mm thick is heated up to 350ºC and then suddenly
dipped into a water bath and cooled to 25ºC. Calculate the time required for the plate to reach 50ºC.
The H.T. coefficient on the surface of the plate is 94 W/m²K. The plate dimension may be taken as
length 40 cm and width 30 cm. Take K= 385 W/mK, ρ=8800kg/m³, Cp=380.9 J/kgK.

2) To estimate the unit surface conductance between copper cylinder and a water bath, a solid copper
cylinder of 5 cm diameter was dropped into Ice water after recording the temperature as 20ºC. After 3
minutes, temperature of the cylinder is again measured and recorded as 10 C. Calculate unit surface
conductance if p=8600kg/m³, Cp=334.94 J/kgK.

3) 1000-spheres made of copper of diameter 4 mm are annealed in the annealing furnace. Initial
temperature of the spheres=250C, Temperature of annealing furnace= 500ºC, h=35W/m²K,
ρ=8800kg/m³, Cρ= 335J/kg-K. Find out the time required for the spheres to reach the temperature of
350ºC.

4) A cylindrical stainless steel ingot, 15 cm in diameter and 40 cm long passes through a heat
treatment furnace which is 6 m in length. Temperature of furnace gas is 1280 ºC. Initial ingot
temperature is 100ºC. Combined radiant and convective H.T. coefficient is 100 W/m²K. Calculate the
maximum speed at which the ingot moves through the furnace if it must attain 850ºC temperatures.
Take thermal conductivity of stainless steel is 45 W/mK and thermal diffusivity, α =0.46x10-3m²/s.

5) A hot mild steel sphere (K=43 W/mK) having 10 mm diameter is planned to be cooled by an air flow
at 25ºC. The convective H.T. coefficient is 115 W/m²K. Calculate the following [1] time required to cool
the sphere from 600 ºC to 100 ºC. [2] Instantaneous H.T. rate 1.5 minutes after the start of cooling. [3]
Total energy transferred from the sphere during the first 1.5 minutes.

6) An aluminium sphere weighing 5.5 kg, initially at a temperature of 2900C is suddenly immersed in a
fluid at 150C. The convective heat transfer coefficient is 58 W/m2K. Estimate the time required to cool
the aluminium sphere to 950C using lumped capacity method of analysis. For aluminium take ρ =
2700 kg/m3, Cp = 900 J/kgK, K = 205 W/mK.

7) An egg with mean diameter 40 mm and initially at 200C is placed in a boiling water pan for 4
minutes and found to be boiled to the consumer’s taste. For how long should a similar egg for same
consumer be boiled when taken from a refrigerator at 50C. Take the following properties for egg: K =
10 W/mK, ρ = 1200 kg/m3, Cp = 2 kJ/kgK and h = 100 W/m2K.

8) A hot cylindrical ingot of 50 mm diameter and 200 mm long is taken out from the furnace at 8000C
and dipped in water till its temperature falls to 5000C. Then it is directly exposed to air till its
temperature falls to 1000C. Find the time required for the ingot to reach the temperature from 800 0C to
1000C. Take the following; Temperature of air or water = 300C, K = 60 W/mK, ρ = 8000 kg/m3, Cp =
200 J/kgK, heat transfer coefficient in water = 200 W/m2K and heat transfer coefficient in air = 20
W/m2K.

9) A steel ball of 50 mm diameter and 9000C temperature is placed in still air at a temperature of
300C. Calculate the initial rate of cooling of the ball in 0C/min. Take ρ = 7800 kg/m3, Cp = 2 kJ/kgK and
h = 30 W/m2K. Use lumped system approach.

10) A metal plate of 5 cm thick is initially at 300ºC. Suddenly it is exposed to an ambient at 30ºC with
a convective transfer coefficient of 500 W/m²°K. Calculate [1] the center temperature at t=2 minutes
after the start of cooling [2] Temperature at a depth of 1 cm from the surface at t=2 minutes after the
start of cooling. [3] Energy removed from the plate during this time. Assume k=60 W/mK, C=460
J/kgK, ρ=7850 Kg/m³ & α=1.6x10-5m2/s for the metal plate.

11) A steel cylinder 0.2 m diameter&3 m long, initially at 500ºC is suddenly immersed in a fluid at
40ºC.Convective coefficient between the cylinder surface & fluid is 200 W/m²K. Assume k =40 W/mK,
C =837 J/kgK & α =1.0X10-5m²/s for the steel cylinder. Calculate after 20 minutes, [1] the center
temperature. [2] The surface temperature [3] Temperature at radius of 0.05 m and [4] Heat transfer to
the water during the Initial 20 minutes.

12) A metallic sphere of diameter 5 cm is initially at a uniform temperature of 300ºC. Suddenly it is

immersed in a fluid at 30°C. The convective coefficient between the surface of the sphere and fluid is
500 W/m²K. . Assume k=60 W/m K C=460 J/kgK, ρ =7850 kg/m³ & α =1.6x10-5m²/s for the metallic
sphere. Calculate at time 2 minutes, [1] Centre temperature after the start of the cooling. [2]
Temperature at a radius 1.5 cm after the start of the cooling. [3] The surface temperature. [4] Energy
removed from the sphere during this period. .
The steel ball bearings (K = 50 W/mK, α = 1.3 x 10-5 m2/sec), 40 mm in diameter are heated to
temperature of 650°C. It is then quenched in an oil bath at 50°C, where the .heat transfer coefficient is
estimated to be 300 W/m2K. Calculate:

i) The time required for bearings to reach 200°C.

ii) The total amount of heat removed from a bearing during this time and

iii) The instantaneous heat transfer rate from the bearings, when they are first immersed in oil bath
and when they reach 200°C..