LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY

Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City

COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
First Semester, Academic Year 2020-2020
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TASK

COURSE : ANATOMY AND PHYIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

MODULE : Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
ROOM :

LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Virtual Discusion:
Independent Study:
Word Analysis and Definition
Lesson Exercises
Modular Review Guide
Video Presentations
 LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
First Semester, Academic Year 2020-2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TASK:
Lesson 1:
1. Define Anatomy and Physiology.

-Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of
natural science which deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric
times, while Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology,
physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical
functions in a living system.

2. Differentiate Anatomy and Physiology.

-Anatomy and physiology are two of the most basic terms and areas of study in the life sciences. Anatomy refers to the internal and
external structures of the body and their physical relationships, whereas physiology refers to the study of the functions of those
structures.

3. Explain why study Anatomy and Physiology.

-Anatomy and Physiology provide basic knowledge about the human body. It helps in clearing the fundamental concepts as to how
our bodies function. With the help of the classes of anatomy and physiology, one gets to learn not only the theoretical concepts but
practical functionalities of the human body too.

4. Enumerate the characteristics/properties of living matter.

- Properties of Life. All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the
environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing.
 LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
First Semester, Academic Year 2020-2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. State the mechanisms by which each human body system maintains a normal, constant environment.
- The tendency to maintain a stable, relatively constant internal environment is called homeostasis. The body maintains homeostasis
for many factors in addition to temperature. For instance, the concentration of various ions in your blood must be kept steady, along
with pH and the concentration of glucose.

Lesson 2:
1.Define the following terms:
1.1.Chemical Components

- Chemical composition refers to the arrangement, type, and ratio of atoms in molecules of chemical substances. Chemical
composition varies when chemicals are added or subtracted from a substance, when the ratio of substances changes, or when other
chemical changes occur in chemicals.

1.2. Organelle

- An organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body.
1.3. Cell

- the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body. 
 LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
First Semester, Academic Year 2020-2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.4Tissue

- Tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit.
2. System Organism

- The human organism consists of eleven organ systems. They are Integumentary System, Skeletal System, Muscular System,
Nervous System, Endocrine System, Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic System, Respiratory System, Digestive System, Urinary
System, and Reproductive System (Female and Male).

3. Describe the levels of complexity in the human body, and briefly discussed how they are related.

- Humans and other complex multicellular organisms—have systems of organs that work together, carrying out processes that keep
us alive. The body has levels of organization that build on each other. Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs
make up organ systems.

4. Discuss briefly how the levels of complexity are interrelated.

- The body has levels of organization that build on each other. Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up
organ systems. The function of an organ system depends on the integrated activity of its organs. For instance, digestive system
organs cooperate to process food.

5. Identify the basic life processes essential for the survival of an organism.

- The basic processes of life include organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movements, and reproduction. 
 LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
First Semester, Academic Year 2020-2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lesson 3:
1. Define anatomical terms pertaining to body:
1.1Position.

- Anatomical position is the description of any region or part of the body in a specific stance. In the anatomical position, the body is
upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body's sides with the palms facing
forward.

1.2Planes

- Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane) - A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left
sides. Axial Plane (Transverse Plane) - A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts.

1.3Sections

-Superior or cranial - toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity). Inferior or caudal -
away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity). Anterior or ventral - front (example, the kneecap is
located on the anterior side of the leg).

2.Describe the orientation of the body in the human anatomical position.

- In the anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the
body's sides with the palms facing forward.
 LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
First Semester, Academic Year 2020-2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Identify and describe the planes of the human body.

- There are three basic planes in zoological anatomy: sagittal, coronal, and transverse. A human in the anatomical position, can be
described using a coordinate system with the Z-axis going from front to back, the X-axis going from left to right, and the Y-axis going
from up to down.

4. Identify the 2 divisions of the human body and their corresponding structures.

- The adult human skeleton usually consists of 206 named bones. These bones can be grouped in two divisions: axial skeleton and
appendicular skeleton. The 80 bones of the axial skeleton form the vertical axis of the body. They include the bones of the head,
vertebral column, ribs and breastbone or sternum.

5. Identify the major and minor cavities of the human body and the organ structures it contain.

- The body contains two major cavities: a larger cavity called the ventral cavity, and a smaller cavity called the dorsal cavity. The
ventral cavity is at the anterior, or front, of the trunk. Organs contained within this body cavity include the lungs, heart, stomach,
intestines, and reproductive organs and the The dorsal body cavity includes the cranial cavity, enclosed by the skull and contains the
brain