LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY

Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City

COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

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TASK

COURSE : ANATOMY AND PHYIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

MODULE : Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
ROOM : MLS1E

Name: Bianca Cielo Marie O. Balabag

Date: August 18, 2022

LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Virtual Discussion:
Independent Study:
Word Analysis and Definition
Lesson Exercises
Modular Review Guide
Video Presentations
 LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

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TASK:
Lesson 1:
1. Define Anatomy and Physiology.
Anatomy and Physiology is the study of the structures and functions of the human body.
• Anatomy, which means “to dissect” or “cut apart”, is the study of the structures of the human body.
• Physiology is the study of the processes and functions of the human body

2. Differentiate Anatomy and Physiology.

Anatomy investigates and identifies different structures and parts of the human body, while Physiology investigates
and describes how the human body works.

3. Explain why study Anatomy and Physiology.

It is important to study Anatomy and Physiology because it allows us to know our body more. It provides us basis
for understanding diseases, which will then help us decide appropriately for our own health care and inform us
the about what we should and should not allow for our bodies. In addition, for students that studies health sciences,
it will give them enough knowledge as preparation to perform their duties well in the future.

4. Enumerate the characteristics/properties of living matter.

The characteristics of living matter are Organization, Metabolism, Responsiveness, Growth, Development, and
reproduction

5. State the mechanisms by which each human body system maintains a normal, constant environment.
The mechanisms that are involved in maintaining a normal and constant environment, which is called homeostasis,
are the negative feedback and positive feedback mechanisms.
 LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

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Lesson 2:
1.Define the following terms:
1.1.Chemical Components- are individual substances that constitute a mixture.
1.2. Organelles- are specialized structures that functions to make up the cell.
1.3. Cell – is the basic structural and functional unit of organisms, like plants or animals.
1.4 Tissue - a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them.
2. System Organism
There are group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body.
These includes the integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system,
digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, urinary system, and reproductive
systems.

3. Describe the levels of complexity in the human body, and briefly discussed how they are related.
The levels of complexity in order starts with the atom, the smallest unit that can be found through substances called
elements. These atoms then combine to form molecules, and these molecules will then formulate into organelles
that will further make up a cell, the basic unit of life. These cells will then organize and form into tissues which
performs specific function in the body. When tissues are combined, they will make up into an organ which perform a
specific physiological function. These organs are then formed into organ systems that work together to perform a
specific function, which will then further make up the most complex level, which is the organism.

4. Discuss briefly how the levels of complexity are interrelated.

 LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

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These levels of complexity, no matter how much they differ from their sizes and functions, are just interrelated with
each other. In essence, without cells, organism can’t be produced and there would be no life. Each level and their
complexion have specific functions. Even when only one level misfunctions, the organism will always lack.

5. Identify the basic life processes essential for the survival of an organism.
The basic life processes essential for survival of an organism are as follows:
• Organization, where body components has their own job to perform in cooperation with others.
• Metabolism, which includes all the chemical reactions that occur in the body.
• Responsiveness, which concerned with detecting changes in the internal or external environments.
• Movement, which happens in different parts within the body.
• Reproduction, the formation of a new person.
• Growth, which is an increase in size.
• Development, which is the change in forms and size, which leads to differentiation.
• Excretion, which the process that removes the waste products of digestion and metabolism from the body.

Lesson 3:
1. Define anatomical terms pertaining to body:
1.1. Position- is the specific body orientation used when describing an individual's anatomy
1.2. Planes- are imaginary lines drawn through an upright body, used in locating specific body parts.
1.3. Sections- is the portion or slice of the body created by the cut down the plane.

2.Describe the orientation of the body in the human anatomical position.

In anatomical position, a person stands upright with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the
sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward.
 LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

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3. Identify and describe the planes of the human body.

There are four planes of the human body.
• The Sagittal Plane which separates the body in anatomical position into right and left parts,
• the Median Plane which is a sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it equally into halves.
• the Transverse Plane which is horizontal that separates the superior and inferior parts of the body;
• and the Frontal Plane, also called coronal plane, which is vertical that separates anterior and posterior parts.

4. Identify the 2 divisions of the human body and their corresponding structures.
The two divisions of the human bodies are
• the horizontal division which includes superior, the upper part, and inferior for the down part of body.
• The vertical division which includes the anterior or front of body and posterior or the back.

5. Identify the major and minor cavities of the human body and the organ structures it contain.
The Major cavities are:
• the Thoracic and Mediastinum Cavity which contains the heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, and trachea,
• the Abdominal Cavity which contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidney;
• and the Pelvic Cavity, which contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and parts of the large intestine.
On the other hand, the Minor cavities are:
• Pericardial Cavity which surrounds the heart,
• the Pleural Cavity which surrounds the lungs,
• and the Peritoneal Cavity surrounds certain abdominal and pelvic organs.
 LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
Rodolfo N. Pelaez Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

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References:

VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. (2018). Seeley’s Essentials Of Anatomy Physiology (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Libretexts. (2020, August 14). 1.1: Levels of Organization of the Human Organism. Medicine LibreTexts.

https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology