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Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
GENERATING PATTERNS
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HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE
1. Use the module with care. Do not put an unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Write your answer for each task indicated in your mathematics activity
notebook.
2. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task and only look at the answer key
AFTER answering, not BEFORE. Remember, honesty is the best policy.
3. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you
encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.
What I Need This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies
to Know
you are expected to learn in the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what
you already know about the lesson to take. If you get
all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you
in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
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What I Need to Know
How much you can learn from this module greatly depends in your
diligence and cooperation. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope
that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Know
Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer in your activity notebook.
2𝑛
4. Which of the following numbers is the 8th term of sequence an = ?
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A. 4 B. 8 C. 12 D. 16
5. Using the pattern 3, 1, -1, -3…, what are the next three terms of the sequence?
A. -5, -7, -9 C. -5, -9, 7
B. -1, 1, 3 D. -3, -1, 1
6. What are the first three terms of the sequence with the nth term an = n2 + 2?
A. 3, 6, 15 C. 3, 6, 8
B. 3, 6, 10 D. 3, 6, 11
7. What are the next two numbers that will complete the terms of the sequence
16, 21, 26, 31, __, __ ?
A. 36, 41 C. 41, 46
B. 42, 45 D. 40, 4
8. Find the general rule of the sequence 1, 8, 27, 64, …
A. an = 2n – 1 C. an = n3
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B. an = n D. an = 2n2
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Finding the Terms
Lesson 1 of a Sequence
To perform the activities in this module, you will be needing your activity
notebook, ball pen, calculator and some scratch papers. Write all of your
answers for each task that follows in your activity notebook.
What’s In
This activity will measure your previous knowledge on the lesson of evaluating
algebraic expressions.
Directions: Evaluate the following expressions. Choose the number inside the box
that corresponds to your answer.
1. 8 + 9 ÷ 3 4. 3n – 1 when n = 3
2. 12 • ( 8 + 2 ) – 7 5. x + 3y; when x = 1, y = -2
3. 8 - 22 + 3
7 -5 11 8 113
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What’s New
Let’s Explore!
Questions:
2. Mr. Santos is planning to buy a laptop for his incoming Grade 10 student.
To prepare for this, he is thinking of saving P 1, 700.00 every month
starting next month. He has already saved P 5, 000 for this purpose.
Questions:
a. How much will Mr. Santos has saved after 2 months? After 3 months?
4 months? After 5 months? After 6 months? After 7 months?
Summarize your answer using the table below.
Month No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Savings
What Is It
The set of numbers and figures in the previous activity are called sequence.
Each number in a sequence is called a term.
For example, the numbers 1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51 is a sequence. The first term
is 1, the second term is 11, the third is 21, the fourth term is 31, the fifth term is 41 and
the sixth term is 51.
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Each term of a sequence can be represented as follows:
We need more than two terms to describe a sequence and the number of
terms of a sequence is denoted by 𝑛.
A sequence is a function whose domain is the finite set {1, 2, 3, …,n} or the
infinite set {1, 2, 3, … }.
Below are examples of the two types of sequence.
Sequence A Sequence B
10, 12, 14, 16, 18 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, …
A sequence is usually given by stating the general rule or its n th term, hence
we can find its next few terms.
Example 1 Write the first 5 terms of the sequence whose 𝑛𝑡ℎ term is given by
𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1.
Solution: Since we are asked to find the first 5 terms of the sequence, then we
have to find 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , 𝑎4 and 𝑎5 . Hence, the values of 𝑛 to be substituted to
𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1 are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
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Step 2. To find 𝑎2 , substitute 2 to 𝑛 of 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1.
That is, 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1 → 𝑎2 = 2(2) + 1
𝑎2 = 4 + 1
𝑎2 = 5
Step 3. To find 𝑎3 , substitute 3 to 𝑛 of 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1.
That is, 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1 → 𝑎3 = 2(3) + 1
𝑎3 = 6 + 1
𝑎3 = 7
Step 4. To find 𝑎4 , substitute 4 to 𝑛 of 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1.
That is, 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1 → 𝑎4 = 2(4) + 1
𝑎4 = 8 + 1
𝑎4 = 9
Step 5. To find 𝑎5 , substitute 5 to 𝑛 of 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1.
That is, 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1 → 𝑎5 = 2(5) + 1
𝑎5 = 10 + 1
𝑎5 = 11
Therefore, the first five terms of the sequence are {3, 5, 7, 9, 11}.
Example 2 What is the 10th term of the sequence defined by the formula
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 1?
Solution: Finding the 10th term of the sequence means that 𝑛 = 10. Hence,
we will substitute the value of 𝑛 to 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 1.
That is, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 1 → 𝑎10 = 102 + 10 − 1
𝑎10 = 100 + 10 − 1
𝑎10 = 109
Solution: In the given example, we already know that 𝑎𝑛 = 42. We are asked
to find the value of 𝑛 when 𝑎𝑛 = 42. To do this, we substitute the value of 𝑎𝑛 , which is
42 to 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 − 6 . Then, we have 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 − 6 → 42 = 3𝑛 − 6
Adding both sides by 6, 42 + 6 = 3𝑛
48÷ 3 = 16 48 = 3𝑛
48 3𝑛
Dividing both sides by 3, =
3 3
16 = 𝑛
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What’s More
Let us put your understanding to the test by answering the following activities
below.
A. Classify Me.
Directions: Classify the following sequences as Finite Sequence or Infinite sequence.
1. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9,…}
2. { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
3. Set of counting numbers
4. Set of even numbers from 2 to 20
5. Set of odd numbers divisible by 3
B. Matching Type.
Directions: Match the sequence written in general form in Column A with the
corresponding first three terms in Column B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. an = n + 5 A. 3, 7, 11
2. an = 4n - 1 B. -2, -7, -12
3. an = 2n2 C. 2, 8, 18
4. an = 5 – 2n D. 6, 7, 8
5. an = 3 – 5n E. 3, 2, -2
F. 3, 1, -1
After all the activities you have done so far, it’s now time to check how much
you have learned from the lesson.
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B.Spot the Error.
An error has been made in finding the indicated term of each sequence.
Directions: Identify the error and replace it with the correct answer.
1. Find the 7th term of the sequence defined by the equation an = 7 – 5n.
Solution: an = 7 – 5n
a7 = 7 – 5 (7)
a7 = 2 (7)
a7 = 14
What I can do
I trust that you are now able to apply what you have learned in answering the
problem below.
Directions: Read the problem carefully and make sure to write a complete solution.
Problem: It is alarming that many people now are getting infected by COVID-19. As
the chairman of the Barangay Youth Council, you want to effect change through
educating the residents in your Barangay on the preventive ways that can be done to
Keep COVID – 19 away. Hence, you informed all of your members via text message
that your council will be printing flyers about COVID – 19 and how to prevent it.
Afterwards, you will be distributing it to the respective Purok chairmen of your
Barangay. On the first day, you were able to produce 50 flyers, then another 50 flyers
on the second day, and so on.
Questions:
1. Assuming that the number of flyers continues to increase in the same manner,
make a table representing the number of flyers made from day 1 to day 5.
2. How many residents were possibly informed at the end of Day 5. Explain why.
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Finding the General
Lesson 2 rule or nth Term of a
Sequence
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you had listed the terms of a given sequence provided
with its general rule. However, listing a few terms of a sequence is not enough to
determine its general rule or nth term, but you can make predictions by searching for
a pattern. However, there are sequences whose nth term are difficult to predict. That
is why it is necessary for you to learn the next topic.
What’s New
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Questions:
1. Is there a pattern in the number of square tiles in each figure? If there is,
describe it.
2. If the pattern continues, illustrate or draw the next figure.
3. Fill in the table below.
Figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of Tiles
What Is It
Were you able to predict the pattern easily given some of its terms? If not,
don’t worry, because you are about to learn how to find the general rule or nth term
of a sequence given the terms of the sequence.
There are two ways in finding the general rule of a sequence. One of these is
by inspection just like what we did with the sequence 1, 8, 27, 64. However, there
are cases when we cannot do it by inspection, but can be solved using algebraic
methods.
Example 1 Find the general rule or nth term of sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, 25,…
Solution: Observe that 1, 4, 9, 16, and 25 are consecutive squares of integers.
Study the illustration below.
𝑛 1 2 3 4 5
𝑎𝑛 1 4 9 16 25
Note that when the integers (𝑛) are squared, the result is the sequence 1,
4,9,16,25. Hence, the general rule of the given sequence is 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒏𝟐 , so that
𝑎1 = (1)2 = 1, 𝑎2 = (2)2 = 4 𝑎3 = (3)2 = 9, 𝑎4 = (4)2 = 16, 𝑎5 = (5)2 = 25.
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Study the illustration below.
𝑛 1 2 3 4
𝑎𝑛 2 3 4 5
Note that when the integers (𝑛) are added by 1, the result is the sequence 2,
3, 4,5,… Hence, the general rule of the given sequence is 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒏 + 𝟏, so that
𝑎1 = (1) + 1 = 2, 𝑎2 = (2) + 1 = 3, 𝑎3 = (3) + 1 = 4, 𝑎4 = (4) + 1 = 5, 𝑎5 = (5) + 1 = 6.
Example 3 Find the general rule that describes the sequence -2, 0, 2, 4….
Solution: Observe that the general rule of the given sequence cannot be easily
determined by inspection. Hence, we will solve this algebraically.
Step 1. Make a table showing the value of 𝑛 and 𝑎𝑛 .
n 1 2 3 4 … n
-2 0 2 4 … ?
Step 2. Find the differences between each term of the sequence. That is,
.
−2 − 0 = −2
0 − 2 = −2
2 − 4 = −2
Step 3. Since the differences are equal and a constant which is −2, it means that the
general rule of the sequence is linear in nature. Hence, we can use the linear equation
given by 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏 to solve for the general rule. To do this, we have to solve for the
values of 𝑎 and 𝑏. Thus, we need two equations to begin with.
Step 4. Using equations 1 and 2, we will solve for the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 by elimination
or substitution method.
−2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 equation 1
0 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏 equation 2
Equations 1 and 2 can also be written as,
𝑎 + 𝑏 = −2 equation 1
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 equation 2
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By elimination method, we will eliminate 𝑏 to solve for 𝑎.
That is,
Since we already have the value of 𝑎, we can now solve for the value of 𝑏 by
substituting 𝑎 = 2 to equation 1 or 2.
In Example 3-step 4 you can choose either eq. 1 or 2, but choose the simpler one.
Example 4 Find the nth term of the sequence 3, 5, 9, 15, 23, 33, …
Solution: Observe that the nth term of the given sequence cannot be easily
determined by inspection. Hence, we will solve this algebraically.
Step 1. Make a table showing the value of 𝑛 and 𝑎𝑛 .
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 … n
3 5 9 15 23 33 … ?
Step 2. Find the difference between each term of the sequence. That is,
.
First difference
Second difference
are equal
Step 3. Since the first differences are not equal, we get the second differences.
Observe that the second differences are equal and a constant which is 2, it means that
the nth term of the sequence is quadratic in nature. Hence, we will use the quadratic
equation 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛 + 𝑐 to get its nth term. To do this, we have to solve for the
values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐. Thus, we need at least three equations to begin with.
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Note that in the table, when 𝑛 = 1, 𝑎𝑛 = 3. Substituting these values to
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛 + 𝑐, we get 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛 + 𝑐 → 3 = 𝑎(1)2 + 𝑏(1) + 𝑐
3 =𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 equation 1
Since we already have the value of 𝑎, we can substitute its value to either
equation 4 or 5 to get the value of 𝑏.
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Using equation 4, we substitute 𝑎 = 1 to 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 2.
That is, 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 2 → 3(1) + 𝑏 = 2
3+𝑏 =2
𝑏 = 2−3
𝑏 = −1
Using the values of 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑏 = −1, we can now solve for the value of 𝑐 by
substituting them to either equations 1, 2 or 3.
What’s More
Directions: Given the following terms of the sequence, give its general rule or nth
term.
There are (1)_____ways in finding the general rule or nth term of a given
sequence. As I go through this topic, I learned that different sequences can be solve
by/using, (2)__________________, (3)_______________.
I realized that when finding the nth term of a sequence that can’t be easily
determined by inspection, we need to find its (4) _____ and/ or (5) _____differences.
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What I Can Do
How did you find the lesson? Is generating patterns, or finding a general rule
of a given sequence helpful to you? Find out by answering the activity below.
Activity 1. Due to the hardship cause by COVID-19 pandemic, you decided to help your
parents through loading cell phones and listed how much you gain daily. As your
costumer increases, your list goes as follows, 12, 14, 16, 18,….
Questions:
1. If what you gain daily continues in this manner, how much gain can you
expect at the end of the week?
3. Using the general rule, compute for your expected gain at the end of 30
days.
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Additional Activities
Are you fond of answering crossword puzzles? Even if you’re not, try this one
and enjoy!
Directions: Answer the following questions and shade the word in the box below. You
may find the words written, vertically and diagonally.
1. It is used to describe the pattern shown by the terms of a sequence.
2. The terms of this sequence goes on infinitely.
3. This method can be used to find the nth term of a sequence when the pattern
can be easily generated.
4. It is a set of numbers and figures that shows a pattern.
5. This method can be used to find the nth term of a sequence when the pattern
can’t be easily determined.
I R S T I G F H R J D I L A
N S I N S P E C T I O N L S
F E K V S N R L N J E G E R
I Q U A P E M I O I E E Y S
N U D G E R U F I B T T I E
I E N E C A I N R S Q E Q L
T N G E N E R A L R U L E U
E C I L I R I E Q E E N C E
S E Q U O C T X I C D V Y M
U H F H A L E I O Z R I I R
I W E L A E F O P A A T O E
I E L E C A I N R S Q E Q L
T Y D I T L A A R P U S S U
SUMMARY
This lesson is about generating patterns and how they are illustrated in
real life. You learned to;
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References
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