Waves Solution

MCQ
1 Answer : C

½ wavelength (peak to peak) = 33.4 cm = 0.334 m

speed = 334 m s–1
Hence frequency = 334 / (2 x 0.334) = 500 Hz
So period = 1/500 = 2.00 ms
1 cm ~ 0.5 ms
1 wave / period ~ 4 cm

2. Ans: D Wavelength of wave

λ =v/f =200 / 100 = 2.0 m

Phase difference
5𝜋𝜋
𝑥𝑥 𝜙𝜙 𝜙𝜙 5
𝜆𝜆
= 2𝜋𝜋 x= 2𝜋𝜋 𝜆𝜆 = 4
2𝜋𝜋
x 2 = 4 = 1.25𝑚𝑚

3. Ans: C Period T = p , frequency f=1/T=1/p , wavelength λ = q

Wave speed v = fλ = q/p

4. Ans: B
2.5λ = 50
λ = 20 m
v = fλ
= ( 200 )( 20 )
= 4000 m s−1
 5. Ans: C
∆φ ∆x
=
2π λ
π
3 = 0.050
2π λ
λ = 0.30 m
v = fλ = 500 × 0.30
= 150 m s-1

6 Answer: B
π
Since phase difference of at distance 60 cm apart,
2
the wavelength = 60 x 4 = 240 cm = 2.40 m
speed = ƒ λ = 200 x 2.40 = 480 m s-1

7. Ans: C
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃
Intensity 𝐼𝐼 = =
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 4𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑2
Since the loudness (intensity) at a point is to be constant, 𝑃𝑃 ∝ 𝑑𝑑2

Intensity of the source being tripled implies power of source P is tripled.

P1 / d12 = P2 / d22
P1 / 82 = 3 P1 / d22
d2 = 13.9 m

9. Ans: D
Amplitude is inversely proportional to the distance from the source.
 10 Ans: B
P Q

Distance between P and Q is ½ λ.

So time taken should be ½ T = 1/2f

11 C t 4
Phase difference φ = x2π = x2π = π/3
T 24
For time-axis, whichever (crest) is behind is leading.

12 Ans: D
Q is at the amplitude position, hence it must be momentarily at rest. Since the wave is moving
to the right, by considering the wave profile slightly later, P is moving downwards.

13 Answer: A

Since displacement towards the right is taken as positive, we can label the directions of
displacement of air molecules as follows:

Displacement D

C
A
Distance

It can be seen from the figure that at point A, it is a region of compression as air molecules
on the left side of A is displaced to the right and on the right side of A, they are displaced
to the left. Hence A has the maximum pressure.
 14

15 B

Initially axis of polarization is 90o When polaroid is rotated 30o, the two
to polarized light, so zero light transmitted axes are now 60o to each other.
Resolve A with respect to new polarization axis. It is A cos 60o = 0.50 A

16 Ans: C

A0 cosθ = ½ A0
θ = 60°

17. ANS: C
 18 Ans: D Unpolarised After 1st polariser After 2nd polariser
light
Amplitude A A cos 60 = 0.5 A
Intensity A2 0.25 A2
8If 4If If

19. A Malus law I = I0 cos2θ

¼ M = M cos2θ cosθ =0.5 θ = 600

20 A Using Malus’ law,

2 1
=I 2 I1 cos
= 10° I 0 cos2 10°
2
I = I 2 cos2 θ
where θ is the angle between the axes of
polarisation of the second and third filters

1
= I I 2 cos2 θ = I 0 cos2 10° cos2 θ
2
1 1
= I0 I 0 cos2 10° cos2 θ
3 2
2
θ= cos−1 = 33.99
= 34°
3 cos2 10°

21. Ans: A

According to Malu’s law

I = I0cos2θ
With the axes initially 90˚ from each other,
I = I0cos2(90-θ) = I0sin2(θ)
The graph follows a sine square function.
Structured

1(a)(i) Wavelength = 12 m
1.25
v
f= =
λ 12
= 0.104 Hz
(ii) Distance between the two buoys = (1.25)(2 × 60) = 150 m
Phase difference = (150 / 12) × 2π = 25π rad
which is equivalent to π rad
OR
Path difference = (1.25)(2 × 60) = 150 m = 12.5 λ
Phase difference = π rad

2 (a) (i) 1. 1 cycle

T = 1.90 ms
1 1
=
f = = 526.3
= 526 Hz
T (
1.90 × 10 −3 )
(Students are allowed to use one or more cycles.)

2. uncertainty in the time scale is the smallest division: 0.1 ms

If used one period in (a)(i)1., ∆T = 0.1 ms
f T
=
f T
T
=
 f ×f
T
0.1
= × 526.3
1.9
= 27.7 = 30 Hz (1 s.f.)
Absolute uncertainty given to 1 s.f.

OR

If used two periods in (a)(i)1., 2∆T =

0.1 ms
1
=
T =( 0.1) 0.05 ms
2
f T
=
f T
T
=
 f ×f
T
0.05
= × 526.3
1.90
= 13.85= 10 Hz (1 s.f.)
 Absolute uncertainty given to 1 s.f.

(ii) ∆t
φ
= × 2π
T
4 ∆t
π
= × 2π
5 T
 4π   T  2
=∆t  =  (=
1.90 ) 0.76 ms
 5   2π  5

1.50 + 0.76 =
2.26 ms

(iii) P P
=I ⇒ I∝
4π r 2 r2
I1 P1 r 2
= ×
I r12 P
for I1 = I
P1 2
r12 = r
P
0.25P
=r1 = r 0.25
= (120 ) 60 cm
P

(b) (i) All the particles in a progressive wave oscillate with the same amplitude.
The particles in a stationary wave oscillate with amplitudes that range from zero at the
nodes to a maximum at the antinodes.

(ii) All the particles within a wavelength of a progressive wave have different phases.
All the particles between two adjacent nodes of a stationary wave have the same
phase. Particles in adjacent segments have a phase difference of π radians.

3 (a) (i)
1 1
=
f = = 200 Hz [B1]
T 5.0 × 10−3
(ii)

Intensity ∝ Amplitude2
I 2 A2 2
=
I1 A12
2
 5A 
I 2  2 
= [M1]
I A2
25
I2 =
= I 6.25 I [A1]
4
 (b)(i)
The two waves must be coherent, (with constant phase difference between
the two waves).
They must either be unpolarised, or polarised in the same plane.
(ii)
If the source is in phase, their path difference must be equal to
(n+½) wavelengths where n is an integer.
Or
The two waves must be in antiphase with each other.
(iii)
5A
For minimum intensity, the resultant amplitude is −A [M1]
2
2
 5A 
 − A
I min  2 
= 2
I A
9
=I2 = I 2.25 I [A1]
4

4 (a)
Transverse wave: the directions of vibrations of the particles are perpendicular

to the direction of energy transfer

Longitudinal wave: the direction of vibration of the particle is along the direction
(b) (i) Displacement = - 0.5 cm

(ii)
(iii) amplitude = 0.5 cm
(iv) phase difference = 3.14 rad

5(a)(i) P
Using I=
4πr 2
3.826×1026
𝐼𝐼 = 4𝜋𝜋(149.6×106×103)2 = 1360.4 𝑊𝑊 𝑚𝑚−2 (at least 4 s.f)

(a)(ii) • Sun emits light across entire EM spectrum, but the photometer in question detects only
visible region
• Atmosphere absorbs or reflects some of EM radiation.
• Presence of clouds block some of the sunlight.
• Angle at which sun's rays strike earth's surface not right angles.

(a)(iii) 𝑃𝑃
𝐼𝐼 =
𝐴𝐴
𝑃𝑃𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝐼𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 . 𝐴𝐴 = 1360.4(0.0400) = 54.42 𝑊𝑊 (3 s.f)

(b)(i) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑦𝑦𝑜𝑜 cos 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔

2𝜋𝜋
𝑦𝑦 = 0.020 cos � � 𝑡𝑡 = 0.020 cos 0.125𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 0.020 cos 0.393𝑡𝑡
16

1 mark for correct ω

(b)(ii) 𝑥𝑥 𝜆𝜆/4
∆∅ = × 2𝜋𝜋 = × 2𝜋𝜋
𝜆𝜆 𝜆𝜆
 = 0.50 π rad = 1.57 rad (no units deduct one mark)

(b)(iii)
y / cm

t/s

- negative sine graph (correct shape)

- with same period of 16 s
- smooth and sinusoidal curve

6(a)(i) ∆x
∆φ= × 2π
λ
3 0.490
= π × 2π
2 λ
λ = 0.653 m
v = fλ
= ( 520 )( 0.653 )
= 340 m s−1
(a)(ii) P
I=
4π r 2
Since P is constant,
1
I∝
r2
IY r X 2
=
I X rY 2
( 5.24 ) 2.6 × 10−3
2

2 ( )
=IY
( 5.73 )
= 2.17 × 10 −3 W m−2
(b)(i) Amp = Amp0 cos θ
A
= A cos θ
2
1
cos θ =
2
θ= 60°
(b)(ii) I = kAmp 2
I0 − I
fractional change =
I0
2
 A
kA2 − k  
= 2
kA2
2
 A
2
1 −  2 =
= 0.75
A