Post task - Final activity

Individual work

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2020
 Introduction

The present work applies the concept of physics and electromagnetism to determine the behavior of
electromagnetic waves that propagates in different media. For this, 3 exercises will be developed that will
cover the topics of Electromagnetic waves in bounded open media and Electromagnetic waves in guided
media. and for the validation of the last problem, a simulation will be carried out in the smith software to
validate results.
Application exercises:

For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the group number and CCC to the
first 3 digits of the identification number.
1. An electromagnetic wave of f =102 MHz is transmitted from the bottom of a ship to a receiver
located at p=1 Km depth. The wave is emitted with an advance angle of a=(5+ 9)°. Determine the
time it takes for the wave to reach the receiver.
For development, follow the following steps:
a. Calculate the tangent of losses tan(δ).

σ
tan ( δ )= =¿
ωε

s
4
m
tan ( δ )=
1
2 π (102 MHz)(80)( x 10−9)
36 π

tan ( δ )=8.8235

( δ )=83.534
 b. Classify the behavior of the medium.
agree with the table 2 the behavior of the chosen medium:
it’s a: lossy dielectric

c. Calculate the propagation parameters of the wave γ , α and β .

ω=2 π (102 MHz)
ω=640884901,3
σ =4

μo =1.2566 x 10−6

¿ √ jw μ o (¿ σ + jwε )¿

1
√
¿ j(640884901,3)(1.2566 x 10−6)(¿ 4+ j(640884901,3)( 80)(
36 π
x 10−9)) ¿

¿ √ 3221.34340+365.0852i
¿ 37.926+ 42.467i

α =ℜ()

α =37.926 Np/m

β=lm( γ )

β=42.467 Rad /m
 j(w) μo
n=
√ (σ + j(w) ε)

−6
j(640884901,3)( 1.2566 x 10 )
n=

√ (σ + j(640884901,3)((80)(
1
36 π
x 10−9 )))

805.335 j
n=
√ (4+ 0.4533 j)

n=10.5449+9.421 j

d. Calculate the propagation speed of the V p wave.

ω
vp =
❑

β=42467 Rad /m
w=640884901,3

640884901,3
vp =
42.467 Rad/m

m
v p =1.5091362 X 107
s
 e. Calculate the distance between the ship and the receiver d.
a=(14 )°.
p=1 Km

p
d=
cos ∅

1000
d=
cos 14

d=1030.613m

f. Based on V p and d determine the time t of the route.

d=t∗v
d
t=
v
1030.613
t=
1.5091362 X 107

t=6.8291 us
 Figure 1: wave propagation in open media.
Image recovered from https://www.ee.co.za/article/new-economics-marine-environmental-monitoring.html

2. From an airplane, which is 1250 m high, a communication signal f =CCC MHz is emitted to a
submarine that is 800 m deep, the angle of incidence of the signal on the sea surface is a=(5+ ¿)°.
Determine the time it takes for the signal to reach the submarine.
 For development, follow the following steps:
a. Calculate the distance between the plane and the point of incidence at sea d 1
h1 =1250 m

h1
sin ∅=
d1
h1
d 1=
sin ∅
1250 m
d 1=
sin 14
d 1=5166.956

h2 =800 m

b. Calculate the velocity of propagation of the wave V p 1 in the air (V p=Co /n)

3.00 x 108
V p=
1.0002926

V p=2.9991 x 10 8

c. Using Snell's Law, calculate the angle of refraction of the wave in the sea.

θa ' =90−14 °

θa ' =76

m
v p =1.5091362 X 107
s
 c
V p=
n

3 x 10 8
n=
m
1.5091362 X 107
s

n2 =19.880

n1 =1.0002926

n1 sin θa ' =n 2 sin θb '

n1 sin θa '

sin−1( )=θ b '

n2

( 1.0002926 ) sin 76❑

sin−1( )=θ b '
(19.880)

θb ' =2.785

d. Calculate the distance between the point of incidence in the sea and the submarine.
h2
cos ∅=
d2
h2 =800 m
 800 m
d 2=
cos 2.785

d 2=800.946 m

e. Calculate the propagation speed of the wave V p 2 at sea (it is V pfrom exercise 1).

m
V p 2=1.5091362 X 107
s

f. Based on V p 1 and d 1 determine the time t 1of the first path (t 1=d 1 /V p 1).

V p=2.9991 x 10 8
5166.956
t 1=
2.9991 x 10 8
t 1=17.22us

g. Based on V p 2 and d 2 determine the time t 2of the second path.

m
V p 2=1.5091362 X 107
s
800.946 m
t 1=
m
1.5091362 X 107
s

t 1=53.07 us

h. Calculate the total time of the route t=t 1+ t 2.

t=17.22 us+53.07 us
t=70.29 us
 Figure 2: wave propagation in bounded open media.
Image recovered from https://byjus.com/physics/
characteristics-of-sound-wavesamplitude/

3. A lossless transmission line has a characteristic impedance of Z 0=75 Ω, a length of L=5 m and is
excited by a signal of f =500 MHz. The line is connected to an antenna with load impedance
Z L =(45+ j 45)Ω. Taking into account that V p=3 x 107 m/s, calculate:

a. Wavelength λ.
V p=3 x 107 m/s
f =500 MHz
V p= λf

Vp
=λ
f

3 x 107 m/s
=60 m
500 MHz

λ=60 mm

i. Electrical length l.
L
l=
λ
5m
l=
0.06 m

l=83.33 lambda

j. Input impedance Z¿ .

2π
z l + j z 0 tan l
∂
z ¿ =z0
2π
z 0 + j z l tan l
∂

2π
( 45+ j 45 ) Ω+ j 75 Ω tan 5m
0.060
z ¿ =75
2π
75 Ω+ j( 45+ j 45) Ω tan 5m
60 mm
 45−84.9 i
z ¿ =(75 Ω)
152.94−77.94 i

z ¿ =(75 Ω)(0.46−0.32i)
z ¿ =(34.5+24 i) Ω

d. Reflection coefficient Γ (magnitude and phase).

Z L −z 0
Γ=
Z L+ z0

(45+ j 45) Ω−75 Ω

Γ=
(45+ j 45) Ω+ 75 Ω

(−30+ j 45) Ω
Γ=
(120+ j 45) Ω

Γ =−0.1+0.41 i
Γ =0.422<103.12

e. VSWR

1+| Γ|
VSWR=
1−|Γ|
 1+|0.422|
VSWR=
1−|0.422|
VSWR=2.46

a. Check the results c, d and e with the Smith 4.1 software.

b. Using the Smith 4.1 software, get an input impedance that is only real.
 Conclusions

Conclusion 1:
To conclude the development of this document, you can understand the importance of knowing the input
impedance value on our transmission line. since having knowledge of this value avoids many conflicts or
problem that can occur in the future. how is the connect one to connect a transmission line with a different
impedance, this could generate a reflection effect if it is greater or a very short circuit on the line, generating
loss of unwanted information

Conclusion 2:

The energy with which a wave propagates in a medium depends directly on the internal constitution of said
material (which is understood to mean that propagation in concrete is not the same as in wood). According to
the analysis between the incident wave vs. the reflected wave, it could be concluded that properties such as
speed and frequencies are not affected, which is an important factor for the detection of the frequency.

Bibliography

Physical book. oines, W., Bernhard, J., & Palmer, W. (2012 ). Microwave Transmission Line Circuits.
Boston: Artech House, (pp. 23-45).

Internet video. Gutiérrez, W. (2017). The Smith Chart basics. [Video]. Recovered from
http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13141
Physical book. Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic Press, (pp. 519-
524).

Chapter of a physical book. Wiley J. & Sons Ltd. (2003). Electromagnetic Wave Propagation. Fixed
Broadband Wireless. (pp. 31-51).

Internet video. Gutiérrez, W. (2017). Snell Law [Video]. Recovered from http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13140