Physics Assignment

Hrishikesh Malladi
June 2022

1) Find the energy of a 700-nm photon.

Given,
λ = 700nm = 700 · 10−9 m
(6.626·10−34 ·3·108 )
E = hc
λ = 700.10−9 J (1)
−19
= 2.839 · 10 J
= 1.774375 eV
Therefore, the Energy of the given Photon = 1.774375 eV

2) Find the wavelength and frequency of a 100-MeV pho-

ton.
Energy = E = 100M eV = 100 · 106 · 1.6 · 10−19 J
= 1.6 · 10−11 J
1.6·10−11 −1
E = hν ⇒ ν = Eh = 6.626·10 −34 s

= 2.414 · 1022 s−1

3·108
Also, ν · λ = c, ⇒ λ = νc = 2.414·10 22 m

= 1.2427506 · 10−14 m
ν = 2.414 · 1022 s−1 λ = 1.2427506 · 10−14 m
(2)

3) Obtain an expression for the number density of pho-

tons, n() of a blackbody from the expression of the energy
density of a blackbody, u()

1
 3
Given, u (ν) = 8·π·h·v
h·ν

3 Kb ·T
c · e −1

W e know that by P lanck ′ s hypothesis uv (δ) = nν (δ) · h · ν

8·π·ν 2 
⇒ n (ν) = u(v)
h·v = c3 ·
1
h·v

eK b ·T −1
8·π·ν 2  h·v1
n (v) = c3 · 
K b ·T
e −1

(3)

4) A 1.00-kW radio transmitter operates at a frequency

of 880 kHz. How many photons per second does it emit?

Given, the transmitter is transmitting at 1000W = 1000 Js−1

f requency of the wave = ν = 880 · 103 s−1
Energy of one wave = h · v = 6.626 · 10−34 · 880 · 103 J
= 5.83088 · 10−28 J

T ransmission P ower 1000

N umber of photons per second = Energy of one photon = 5.83088·10−28

N umber of photons emitted per second = 1.715006997 · 1030

(4)

5) If you assume the human being as a blackbody. Ob-

tain the peak wavelength. Which part of the electromag-
netic spectrum does it fall into?

2
T he mean temperature of human body is T = 310K
If human body acts as a blackbody then it f ollows W ien′ s Displacemnt La
i.e λmax = Tb where b = 2.897771955... × 103mK

2.897·10−3
So, by that λmax = 310 = 9.34516129 · 10−6 m

= 9345.16129 nm

It f alls in the inf rared region of the electromagnetic spectrum

(5)

6)The minimum frequency for photoelectric emission in

copper is 1.1 × 1015 Hz. Find the maximum energy of
the photoelectrons (in electronvolts) when light of fre-
quency 1.5 × 1015 Hz is directed on a copper surface.

T hreshold f requency of copper = νo = 1.1 · 1015 s−1

F requency of given light wave = v = 1.5 · 1015 s−1
Equation of photoelectric ef f ect :
h · v = h · vo + K.Emax
where h is the planck ′ s constant and K.Emax is the maximum kinetic ener
so, K.Emax = h · (ν − νo )
= 6.626 · 10−34 · (1.5 − 1.1) · 1015 J
= 2.6504 · 10−19 J
= 1.6565 eV
M aximum energy of the photoelectrons = 1.6565eV
(6)

3
7) Obtain a plot of the fractional (or percentage) dif-
ference between the expressions of relativistic and non-
relativistic kinetic energy of a massive particle as a func-
tion of v/c. At what velocities is the discrepancy 13
2
Equation f or nonrelativistic kinetic energy = Ek = mv2
Equation f or relativistic kinetic energy = Ekr = (γ − 1) · m · c2
where γ = q 1 v2
1− c2
(Ekr −Ek )
now f ractional discrepancy in K.E = Ekr

((γ−1)·m·c2 − 21 ·m·v2 )
= (γ−1)·m·c2

 
v2
= 1 − 12 · c2
(γ−1)


 √ 
x2 · (1−x2 )
= 1 − 21 ·  √ 
1− (1−x2 )

v
where x = c

now at y = 0.01, i.e, 1% discrepancy, x = 0.1154 ⇒ v = 0.1154 · c

at y = 0.03, i.e, 3% discrepancy, x = 0.1997 ⇒ v = 0.1997 · c
at y = 0.1, i.e, 10% discrepancy, x = 0.363 ⇒ v = 0.363 · c
at y = 0.3, i.e, 30 % discrepancy, x = 0.6201 ⇒ v = 0.6201 · c
(7)

4
Figure 1: Discrepancy at y=0.01,y=0.03,y=0.1,y=0.3

5
8)How much is a kBT of energy in Joules? How much is
it in eV?

Kb · T = 1.380649 · 10−23·T J
= 8.6291 · T · 10−5 eV (8)
where unit of T is K

9)Consider the Compton effect. A monochromatic x-ray

beam whose wavelength is 55.8 pm is scattered through
46o . Find the wavelength of the scattered beam.

W e know that,
λ′ − λ = mhp ·c · (1 − cos θ) [compton ef f ect]
θ : Angle of scattering of photon
λ : W avelength of approaching photon
λ′ : W avelength of scattered photon
mp : mass of scaterred particle

⇒ λ′ = 55.8 · 10−12 + 6.626·10−34

· (1 − cos 46◦ ) (9)
mp ·3·108

 
′ −12 0.674399·10−42
⇒ λ = 55.8 · 10 + mp m

F or an electron mp = 9.1 · 10−31 Kg

⇒ λ′ ≈ 56.5411 pm

10) An x-ray photon of initial frequency 3.0 × 1019 Hz

6
collides with an electron and is scattered through 90o .
Find its new frequency.

W e know that;

1 1

h
v′ − v = m·c2 · (1 − cos θ) [Compton ef f ect]
(10)
1 1 (6.626·10−34 ·(1−cos 90◦ ))
⇒ v′ = 3·1019 + 9.1·10−31 ·(3·108 )
2

⇒ v ′ = 2.4141 · 1019 s−1

11) A photon of frequency is scattered by an electron

initially at rest. Verify that the maximum kinetic energy
of the recoil electron is K.E max = (2h**2**2/mc**2)/(1
+ 2h/mc**2)

7
 
1 1

h
W e know that, ν′ − ν = m·c2 · (1 − cos θ)

and, K.E = h (ν − ν ′ )

So, K.E will be max imum f or θ = π

1 1 h (2·h·v+m·c2 )
v′ = v + m·c2 ·2= m·v·c2

(m·c2 )·v
⇒ ν′ = 2·h·v+m·c2
(11)
!
(m·c2 )·v
K.E max =h· ν− 2·h·v+m·c2

(2·h2 ·v2 )
= 2·h·v+m·c2

2 2
 
·v
2· hm·c2
=
(1+2· m·c
h·v
2)

Hence verif ied