1.

This is due to the emissions of SO2 from the processing of petroleum used in the production of
LPG and from ammonia from burning the firewood. Moreover, emissions of nitrogen oxides
from the life cycle of crude oil and from burning charcoal and wood also contribute to this
impact

2. This is due to phosphate emissions during the processing of petroleum and LPG.

3. The main sources are emissions to air of formaldehyde and furan from wood burning and
leakage of chlorine to soil related to maintenance of roads used for firewood transport.

4. 7.6 times higher than charcoal on a life cycle basis and 29 times greater in terms of local
emissions According to Journal of Cleaner Production on. Environmental sustainability of
renewable hydrogen in comparison with conventional cooking fuels. Journal of Cleaner
Production.
5.
6. This impact generated locally by the combustion of firewood is 2.5 times higher than the total
life cycle impact from hydrogen; for charcoal, the local impact is equivalent to the whole life
cycle impact of hydrogen. According to Journal of Cleaner Production on. Environmental
sustainability of renewable hydrogen in comparison with conventional cooking fuels. Journal
of Cleaner Production.

7. and replacing the two solid fuels by hydrogen would benefit the local environment substantially.
with respect to the reduced summer smog formation, while also reducing the impact in the rest
of the life cycle.

8. fossil fuel depletion, climate change, ozone depletion and summer smog. Hydrogen depletes 2.7
times less fossil fuel resources than charcoal and half the amount depleted in the life cycle of
firewood.

Therefore, hydrogen is by far the best option for climate change and environmental performance among
these cooking methods.

The use of solar energy to produce hydrogen can be conducted by two processes: water electrolysis
using solar generated electricity and direct solar water splitting. In our proposed system, PV cells are
used to create electrical energy. An electrolyzer passes this electric current through water, causing the
water molecules to separate into hydrogen and oxygen gases.
The PEM electrolyser requires deionized water to operate. Deionization is a process done when there is
an immediate need of purified water distribution.Deionization systems work by replacing negative and
positive molecules in the water with hydrogen (positive) and hydroxyl (negative) molecules. In effect,
organic substances are removed through filtration which improves the quality of the water and prevents
the formation of scale deposits forming.

The electrolyser comprises a stack of individual cells Each cell consists of an anode, cathode and a
Nefion PEM membrane. The cathode consists of a porous graphite gas layer diffusor coated with
platinum.

The produced hydrogen can be stored and distributed in a cascade-storage system. The high-pressure
cylinders can be made of steel while the low-pressure containers can be made of fiberglass. The lifespan
of the cylinders can generally be assumed as 15 years, after which they should be repaired and reused.

The use stage accounts for the cooking energy demand of the household and the community. Cooking
with a hydrogen flame isn't much different than cooking with propane or natural gas. The differences
are, Hydrogen burns with a very pale blue flame, which is sometimes hard to see so a colorant can be
added or a metal mesh placed in the flame will glow. The most important to consider while cooking with
hydrogen is that the burner design must prevent air and hydrogen pre-mixing.

End life management of system components can be landfilled at the end of their useful lifetime. This can
be reasonable as the recycling facilities in developing countries (as Nepal) is lacking. However, if we get
a proper recycling system, we can recycle most of the components. The recycling rates for the metals
are as aluminium 90%,[2] steel 85%, [3] copper 45%.[4] Platinum and iridium used in the electrolyser
can be 100% recycled.