DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

LABORATORY REPORT

SKT 1013 INTRODUCTION TO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER 02 SESSION 2019/2020

ID NUMBER 1. E20181019624
2. E20181019660
NAME 1. NUR AIMAN SYAZWANI BINTI ZULKEFLE
2. NUR AYUNI ADIBAH BINTI MOHD ASRI
GROUP I
LECTURER DR. NOORSHIDA BINTI MOHD ALI
EXPERIMENT NO. 3
TITLE OXIDATION STATES OF MANGANESE
DATE 19TH NOVEMBER 2019

CHECK LIST (Please tick) Marks

Spelling, punctuation and grammar 10
Format and style 10
Introduction 10
Materials 10
Methodology and jotter 10
Results 10
Discussions 10
Conclusions 10
References (minimum 2) 10
Conceptual understanding 10
TOTAL MARKS 100
 EXPERIMENT 3: OXIDATION STATES OF MANGANESE

OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this experiment, we are able to observe the colour of manganese complexes
with different oxidation state

INTRODUCTION

Manganese element is one of transition metal that shows different colour depending on oxidation
state from +2 to +7. This is because the variable oxidation states give different partially filled d
sublevel electrons for its central metal ion. For manganese element, different oxidation states has
different colour. At the end, in this experiment, we aim to identify and predict the number of
oxidation states by observing the colour of manganese compound after mixing the potassium
permanganate (KMnO4) with several other compounds.

MATERIALS

Chemicals : Sulphuric acid, H2SO4 (3.0M), sodium hydroxide, NaOH (2.0M), potassium
permanganate, (KMnO4) (0.01M), sodium bisulphide, NaHSO3 (0.02M) and
sodium bisulphate, NaHSO4 (0.02M).
Apparatus : Test tube, graduated cylinder and test tube rack

METHODOLOGY (refer to jotter)

RESULTS (refer to 1.5 worksheet)

Test Tube Observations

1. KMnO4
2. KMnO4 + NaOH + NaHSO3

3. KMnO4 + H2SO4 + NaHSO3

4. KMnO4 + NaHSO3

5. KMnO4 + NaOH + NaHSO4

6. KMnO4 + H2SO4 + NaHSO4

7. KMnO4 + NaHSO4
DISCUSSION

Potassium permanganate, KMnO4

Permanganate (+7 oxidation state) compounds are purple and can give glass a violet color
Permanganate (+7 oxidation state) compounds are purple and can give glass a violet color Mn in
MnO4- is in +7 state with d0configuration. The deep purple colour of KMnO 4 is not due to d-d
transition but due to charge transfer from (O to Mn) reducing the oxidation state of Mn from +7
to +6 momentarily.

Reaction of KMnO4 + NaOH + NaHSO3

This reaction between potassium permanganate with sodium hydroxide and sodium bisulphide
has reduced the +7 oxidation number of manganese to +6 oxidation number. As the result of this
redox reaction,the initial purple solution turned to green solution showing that the manganate
(VII) ion reduced to manganate (VI) ion, MnO42-
Below is the equations that described the redox chemistry observed.
2 MnO4- + 3 OH- + HSO3- → 2 MnO42- + SO42- + 2 H2O

Reaction of KMnO4 + H2SO4 + NaHSO3

The reaction of potassium permanganate with sulphuric acid and sodium bisulphide has reduced
from +7 oxidation number to +2 oxidation number of manganese. As the result from this
reaction, the purple solution has changed to light red solution that merely colourless.

Below is the equation that described the redox chemistry observed.

2 MnO4- + H+ + 5 HSO3- → 2 Mn2+ + 5 SO42- + 3 H2O

Reaction of KMnO4 + NaHSO3

The reaction between potassium permanganate with sodium bisulphide has reduced the +7
oxidation number of manganate to +4 oxidation number as the initial purple coloured solution
had changed to dark red coloured solution after mixing the two solutions together.

Below is the equation that described the redox chemistry observed.

2 MnO4- + 3 HSO3- → 2 MnO2 + 3 SO42- + 3 H2O

Reaction of KMnO4 + NaOH + NaHSO4 , KMnO4 + H2SO4 + NaHSO4 & KMnO4 + NaHSO4
For all these, there is no reaction occur between the reagent as the colour of potassium
permanganate remains purple till end of experiment indicating that the oxidation number of
KMnO4 has not been reduced or oxidized. Therefore, the solution remain the same as the initial
solution colour which purple because of potassium permanganate(VII) has +7 oxidation number.
CONCLUSIONS

Different manganese complexes oxidation number shows different coloured solution such as +7
oxidation number shows purple solution, +6 oxidation number shows turquoise solution, +4
oxidation number shows dark red solution and +2 oxidation number of manganese complex
appeared in light red solution.

REFERENCES

1. Weller, M. T., Overton, T., Rourke, J., & Armstrong, F. (2018). Inorganic chemistry.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. U.S. National Library Of Medicine. (T.T). Compound Summary Ethylenediamine, Retrieved
from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethylenediamine
3. U.S. National Library Of Medicine. (T.T). Compound Summary EDTA, Retrieved from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/EDTA