18. \cr fua`cs g÷cs, Bgvmb Umsj `g fgkjngbc su prcpmc pcrtgicdmc bj mkvjrsmckjs. Ghgnc sj
jkdmstg jd pjrmcbc bj tjkjkamg (rjemstrgbc gd udfc g÷c acfpdjtc) jktrj dg acfprg y dg vjktg
bj su acdjaamñk bj gaamckjs.
0 0 9 77 77 = 0 : 77 2 0 : 72 5 78 0 9 77 = 5

= 7:
7: 0 0 7788 : = 0 : = 77<< 77
77 1 = 0 9

g). ³Auçktgs adgsjs prcpckj3

o 

8 6³
9
8 6 92

O6Adgsjs

h). ³Wuí mktjrvgdc bj adgsj suemjrj3

 @ ∘ D
 M 6
 O 

7:∘ 1
 M 6
9

 M 68 Mktjrvgdc

a). ³Wuí agkbgb udmzgræg pgrg jd dæfmtj mkijrmcr bj dg adgsj mkmamgd3

7 1g:
8 :g5
1 5g=
2 = g 77
: 77 g 71
9 71 g 7:

b). Ack hgsj jk sus rjspujstgs g dcs mkamscs g), h) y a), ³ackstruyg ukg bmstrmhuamñk bj
irjaujkamgs3

Adgsj Mktjrvgdc Irjaujkamg

7 1g: 8
8 :g5 5
1 5g= 77
2 = g 77 5
: 77 g 71 5
9 71 g 7: 8
19

j). Mbjkquj dg gpgrmjkamg bj dg bmstrmhuamñk bj irjaujkamgs

Bj 5 g = sj `gk prcpujstc 77, jstc qumjrj bjamr quj js dg fgycræg, y kcs jkicagfcs fgs jk
jstg pgrtj quj sj `g prcpujstc.