CHE133P MODULE 1 LESSON 1: HEAT

EXCHANGER
Most Common Type: Shell and Tube

 Yung one stream (water stream) papainitin gamit isa pang stream (cooking
oil).
 Water stream heats, cooking oil cools
 Two pathways: One stream dumadaan sa tubes (heat exchanger, made up
of copper) /pipes (mas makapal, pvc – made up of lead or plastic)
 Para makadaan sa tube, may head (entrance)

Parts of the Heat Exchanger

 Head – entrance (to tube)

 Gasket – prevent leakage (rubber material)
 Shell – drum
 Baffles – harang sa shell to increase turbulence (higher turbulence, higher
heat transfer)
 Holds the tube bundles in place
 Tube bundles – group of tubes
 Mounting – to keep it steady
 Limit vibrations

Basic Types of Heat Exchanger

Flow Type of Current:

1. Parallel flow heat exchanger
  same direction
 Two fluids enter at the same end
 1-1 shell tube heat exchanger (single pass)

2. Counter-flow heat exchanger (double pass)

 fluids enter from opposite ends
 Most efficient
 it can transfer the most heat bc the average temperature difference
along any unit length is greater

driving force of heat transfer: temperature

difference (transport phenomena,

heat flux is directly proportional to the temp

difference (fourier’s law)

3. Cross-flow heat exchanger – perpendicular yung two streams ( t )

1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger

Number of passes:
1. Single pass – 1-1 shell and tube exchanger (parallel)
2. Double pass – may division sa gitna ng shell, 2-2 shell tube heat exchanger
(countercurrent)
Seatwork 1

1. How many tube pass? 4 passes

2. How many shell pass? 2 passes
3. This is a 2-4 shell and tube heat exchanger
4. What is the flow arrangement? Mix flow:
 Parallel, counterflow and crossflow

Youtube: Heat Exchanger – U TUBE TYPE

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A39JWXLsonw)
Plate Heat Exchanger: Sterilization

 Mounds – to increase area of contact

- To increase turbulence
 More compact, lower maintenance
 Can be easily disassembled or cleaned, prepared and replaced
 Safe from contamination
 One side mainit, one side malamig – this is how heat is exchanged.
 Gaskets direct fluids kung san sya mag foflow na side.
Youtube: Plate type heat exchangers
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQzgfa-lX-c)

Sondex Plate heat exchanger: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jv5p7o-7Pms

Fourier’s Law (Heat Conduction)

- Heat flux (dQ/dA) is directly proportional to temperature
difference and inversely proportional to thickness.
- Proportionality constant: thermal conductivity

Q – rate of heat transfer

A – area
T – temp
k- thermal conductivity
n – distance measured normal to the surface or thickness

Newton’s Law (Heat Convection)

Convection: fluid (gas or liquid) is involved in heat transfer. Heat flux is directly
proportional to change in temp.

h – heat transfer coefficient

 Empirical formula (from experiment)
Double-pipe Heat Exchanger

 Two pipes only. One small and one large.

 Nasa loob yung isang pipe ng malaking pipe.
 Can be calculated manually and easily.
 U-tube

Design Equation for double pipe heat exchanger

 LMTD – log mean temperature difference

 Similar to newton’s law
 U – overall heat transfer coefficient

Range and Approach

Range – mataas na temp – mababang range (same fluid/solid)

Approach – magkatapat na temp (incoming to incoming, out to out)
T(LMTD) – approximately average of the approach
Sample Problem 1
Approximate the double pipe heat exchanger tube area needed to heat coconut
oil from 30°C to 70°C flowing at 100 kg/s. Assume that the overall heat transfer
coefficient is 405 W/m2.°C. The heating water enters the heat exchanger in the
other side of the heat exchanger (counter-current) at 100°C and exits at 80°C.
Assume that coconut oil has a specific heat of 3.8 J/g°C. What are the
“approach”? Calculate the heating and cooling range?

Solution:
Converting heat exchanger area to pipe/tube dimensions
 Calculate the area of 20 pcs of 1/2 in outer diameter with BWG gage 20
and 20 ft long.
 Perry’s Handbook 9th ed
 Table 11-39
Solution