Chemical & Process Technology: How to determine if a restriction orifice... http://webwormcpt.blogspot.com/2008/01/how-to-determine-if-restriction...

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How to determine if a restriction orifice will experience intermittent transient slug. First three types, horizontal
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orifice" has discussed briefly how restriction orifice (RO) works. Maximum velocity and
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Careful review on the pressure profile, the upstream pressure is decrease to minimum and
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recover back to downstream pressure. In the event fluid vapor pressure is just marginal
lower than downstream pressure, minimum pressure at vena contracta would Webworm DC
probably lower than fluid vapor pressure. Vapor condensation would result "implosion"
and generates noise and severe vibration. This phenomena is well known as cavitation. Chemical and
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One way to avoid cavitation in restriction orifice is to reduce pressure drop across RO so Engineering
that the pressure dip is maintained as high as possible. This results multiple restriction Chemical
orifices to break the pressure drop in several steps. Engineering World

How to determine if a restriction orifice will experience cavitation ? Smart Process

Design
The following simple assessment method base on work done by Tullis & Govindarajan ChEng
(1973) may be used.

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Chemical & Process Technology: How to determine if a restriction orifice... http://webwormcpt.blogspot.com/2008/01/how-to-determine-if-restriction...

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i) Determine Upstream Pressure (Pu), Downstream pressure (Pd) and Vapor pressure (Pv) October 2007
base on upstream temperature for conservatism
November 2007
ii) Determine Cavitation level (Cl) December 2007
January 2008
Cl = (Pd-Pv)/(Pu-Pd) February 2008

iii) Based on orifice-diameter ratio (beta), determine allowable Cavitation level (Cl,a) from March 2008
following chart. April 2008
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Source : Tullis & Govindarajan (1973) EECOTS-Arg
Buenos Aires, Capital Federal -
July 2009
Invensys
iv) Cavitation will occur if Cl is less Cl,a, multiple ROs may require. August 2009
Application Engineer EEC-Arg
Buenos Aires, Capital Federal - September 2009
Restriction orifice is widely used in blowdown line to limit excessive flow to flare system. This Invensys
is the best location to experience cavitation from restriction orifice and can not be eliminated. Advance Engineer Student October 2009
EEC-Arg
Severe noise and vibration is expected. Downstream piping may fail on severe vibration. Buenos Aires, Capital Federal - November 2009
Acoustic induced vibration assessment shall be conducted to ensure BDV/RO downstream Invensys
piping always provide high integrity to resistance severe vibration cause by RO. PROCESS ENGINEER December 2009
(Mechanical or Chemical
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A refresh to Process Engineer on few phenomenons in restriction orifice April 2010
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posted by Webworm, 10:28 PM

1 Comments:
Anonymous said...
great explanation!
thanks alot.

September 10, 2009 7:09 AM

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