UNIT 1 Y 2 – TASK 4 – FINAL EVALUATION

FOR:

ASTRID CAROLINA DIZ

CAROLL ELIZABETH BARRIOS

YULIETH YANETH GUERRERO

LLYSSE JHOHANA ASPRILLA JORDAN

DAYLIN DAYANNA ÁVILA

GROUP:

151021_17

TUTOR:

MARIANA TRIANA

NATIONAL OPEN AND DISTANCE UNIVERSITY - UNAD

HEALTH MANAGEMENT

VALLEDUPAR 2021
1. Waste water and inadequate waste disposal in the carrizal neighborhood of
the city of barranquilla.

The sewage runs through ditches even within the same urban perimeter. The
dangers to hygiene and health are innumerable, especially if one takes into
account that they are stinking waters saturated with all kinds of viruses and
pathogenic bacteria, which additionally have innumerable solid waste that is
thrown without contemplation by some residents of the carrizal neighborhood.

Causes and impacts on human health: In the streets there are open dumps
that facilitate access to waste by domestic animals and, consequently, the
potential spread of diseases and chemical contaminants through the food chain,
can lead to the appearance of parasitic and diarrheal diseases. Dust carried from
a windblown dump can carry pathogens that are a major respiratory irritant and
can make affected populations much more susceptible to respiratory diseases.
The sanitary problem due to poor waste disposal, affects the epidemiological risk
represented by the accumulation and uncontrolled dumping of garbage, food
remains, excrement, etc., have as a result of their characteristics; proliferation of
flies, rodents, bacteria and other disease-causing animals and microorganisms.
The main damage to health caused by the poor disposal of waste is mainly due to
the increase in possible breeding sites for vectors that transmit malaria and
dengue (presence of coconut shells, cans, bottles and others in the open air).

Epidemiological Data Of Dengue

 In epidemiological week 09 of 2021, 751 probable cases of dengue were
reported: 391 cases from this week and 360 cases from previous weeks. There
are 6,573 cases in the system, 3,289 (50.0%) without warning signs, 3 169
(48.2%) with warning signs, and 115 (1.8%) with severe dengue. In Colombia,
dengue cases come from 33 departments, 4 districts, 515 municipalities. The
territorial entities of Cali, Valle del Cauca, Cartagena, Putumayo, Huila, Tolima,
Barranquilla, Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Meta and Atlántico contribute 68.6% (4
512) of the cases nationwide.

2. Justification

We chose this problem situation because of the great importance they have for
us as future health administrators, supporting strategies that contribute to
maintaining a healthy environment since this allows people to develop in a
suitable environment and in one way or another this is seen reflected in health
care. The poor disposal of solid waste has always caused changes in
ecosystems and their inhabitants worldwide, this has forced governments,
universities, research centers and the general population to seek solutions to this
problem. Ecosystem pollution is generally a consequence of the rapid expansion
and often without prior planning of urban areas and the settlement of numerous
industries, from which wastewater is discharged.

Our country is no exception to this fact, having carried out numerous works
related to this issue. Environmental pollution could be defined as the process by
which alterations occur in the physical, chemical and biological properties of air,
water and soil, due to the action of natural or artificial processes. The problems of
water and soil contamination have led Latin American countries to undertake
projects to evaluate and treat deteriorated resources and develop policies for
their recovery. The determinants of public health are focused on the prevention of
diseases, activating the health services in charge of ensuring the health of the
 population, through personal, social, economic and environmental factors, such
as surveillance and control in some cases and promotion and direct action. in
others, where we find strategies related to the population's lifestyles,
environmental factors, factors related to the genetic and biological aspects of the
population and, finally, those related to health care, that is, those related to health
services provided to populations.
 Daños a la salud por mala disposición de residuales sólidos y líquidos en
Dili , Timor Leste Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología Rev Cubana
Hig Epidemiol vol.52 no.2 Ciudad de la Habana Mayo.-ago. 2014
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-
30032014000200011

 Aguas residuales y residuos sólidos urbanos y su incidencia en la

contaminación del río ichu de la localidad de huancavelica. García ticllacuri,
ruben  2018-11-2 http://repositorio.unh.edu.pe/handle/UNH/2086

 Riesgo de contaminación por disposición final de residuos. Un estudio de la

región centro occidente de México Revista internacional de contaminación
ambiental Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient vol.28 supl.1 Ciudad de México dic.
2012 http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S0188-
49992012000500014&script=sci_arttext

 Inadecuado uso de residuos sólidos y su impacto en la contaminación

ambiental 24 11 2018. SCIÉNDO, ciencia para el desarrollo, revista de la
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
https://revistas.unitru.edu.pe/index.php/SCIENDO/article/view/2202

 The management of municipal solid waste: an anthropological approach. The

case of San Luis Potosí, Mexico Estudios sociales (Hermosillo, Son.)
Estud. soc vol.20 no.39 México ene./jun. 2012
http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188-
45572012000100009

3. Relationships cause - effect of the problematic situation

4. Definition of alternatives for problem solving

The use and recovery of waste is a commitment to the responsibility of both the
environmental authorities, the territorial entities and the community. Thus, the
sole purpose is to safeguard and care for the environment with all its natural
resources. A possible solution is the commitment of each member of society with
small actions and with three basic measures: reduce, reuse and recycle. These
contribute to solving the problem of waste management.
Water treatment in the Caribbean does not have an incentive to improve in terms
of efficiencies in the removal of pollutant loads, and it is common to find
municipalities that, because they have water treatment systems, choose to
increase the remuneration of the payment of fees before to improve the
management of these systems. Here it is necessary to exercise vigilance and
control by the authority, and based on knowledge, evaluate the costs of changing
the ecosystem service of sources subject to discharges.

Intrasectoral alternative:

Reduce the discharge of wastewater without treatment: A crucial aspect is

what is discharged into seas and oceans. Wastewater treatment, recycling
and reuse should be increased. Connect all houses to the sewer system and
reduce pollution from storm drains. Wastewater should be viewed as a
resource that, safely and sensibly to avoid health problems, can be very
beneficial, especially on small islands where drinking water is scarce.
The Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (PGIRS) as a service
planning tool: The Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan is an
important tool for municipalities to adequately and efficiently address their
solid waste problems. This plan implies establishing roles and responsibilities
of the actors involved in the generation and management of solid waste in
the municipalities, in order to define the most appropriate and sustainable
long-term needs and solutions.
 Intersectoral alternatives:
Launch of the Inter-sectoral Public Health Commission, which will aim to
coordinate and harmonize the policies, plans, programs and actions on
Social Determinants of Health, this being the instance of agreement between
the different sectors involved, and of monitoring of cross-sectoral actions
included in the PDSP Ten-Year Public Health Plan.
Management for the strengthening of the National Inter-sectorial Public
Health Surveillance Commissions, National Network of Laboratories,
municipal Health, and other health security, for the implementation of actions
in an integrated and continuous way, that impact and allow decision-making
in health public.

5. Description and development of the intra-sectorial and inter-sectoral

alternatives:

6. Conclusions:
7. Bibliography

 Escalona E (2014). Daños a la salud por mala disposición de residuales

sólidos y líquidos en Dili , Timor Leste. Revista Cubana de Higiene y
Epidemiología, 52(2), 270-277. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?
script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-30032014000200011&lng=es&tlng=es

 Instituto Nacional de Salud (2021). Boletín epidemiológico Semanal,

semana 9. https://www.ins.gov.co/buscador-
eventos/BoletinEpidemiologico/2021_Boletin_epidemiologico_semana_9.p
df

 Ministerio de Salud y protección Social Colombia (s.f)

https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/INEC/IN
V/Dengue%20en%20Colombia.pdf

 PAHO. (2020) Actualización Epidemiológica Dengue OPS, 7 de febrero de

2020 https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?
option=com_docman&view=download&category_slug=dengue-
2158&alias=51692-7-de-febrero-de-2020-dengue-actualizacion-
epidemiologica-1&Itemid=270&lang=es

 Wikipedia (2021) Epidemia de dengue de 2019-2020 en Colombia.

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemia_de_dengue_de_2019-
2020_en_Colombia