CHUYÊN ĐỀ: VIẾT LẠI CÂU VỚI QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VÀ HIÊN

̣ TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

I. Lí thuyết.

Dạng 1: Ai đó đã bắt đầu làm gì vào lúc nào.    

S + began / started + V-ing + thời gian (QK).

 S + have/has + V3/ed + since/for + thời gian

Since: Một mốc thời gian

For: Khoảng thời gian
   Ex: I began working here ten years ago.
--> I have worked here for ten years. 
Mary has learned English since December.
->Mary started learning English in December.
Dạng 2: Ai đó chưa bao giờ làm gì trước đây --> Đây là lần đầu tiên ai đó làm gì.
S + have/has + never + V3/ed + before
 It’s (this is) the first time + S + have/has + ever + V3/ed.
Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before. 
    – It is the first time I have met that man here.
      It is the first time I have read this book. 
    – I have never read this book before.
Dạng 3: Được bao lâu kể từ lúc (lần cuối) ai đó làm gì
-> Ai đó đã làm (đã không làm) vào lúc nào      
        It’s + thời gian + since + S (last) + QKĐ.
S + last + QKĐ + thời gian.
    The last time + S + QKĐ + was + thời gian.
 S + have/has (not) + V3/ed + since/for + thời gian.
Ex: It is one month since I last saw my father.
-->I haven’t seen my father for one month. 
     The last time Tom had his hair cut was on Sunday. 
-->Tom hasn’t had his hair cut since Sunday. 
Dạng 4: Ai đó đã làm gì khi nào? --> Ai đó làm gì được bao lâu?
When did + S (last) + V (bare)?
How long have/has (not) + S + V3/ed?
How long is it since S + V3/ed?
How long ago did + S + V?
 Chú ý:
Quá khứ đơn Hiêṇ tại hoàn thành
Teacher: Nguyen Lan Phuong
 -in, on, at, when.. + thời gian -since + thời gian
- thời gian + ago : 4 years ago - for + thời gian
- trong câu có last, never - viết dạng phủ định
- when - how long
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* Câu bị động với thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

( Chủ động) (+) S + has/have + V3/ed + ….
( Bị động) (+) S + has/have + been + V3/ed +…. By O
( Chủ động) (-) S + has/have not + V3/ed +…
(Bị động) (-) S + have/has not + been + V3/ed +… by O
(Chủ động) (?) Have/has + S + V3/ed +…?
(Bị động) (?) Have/has + S + been + V3/ed +…. By O?
VD: 1. He has cleaned his room for 1 week.
-> His room has been cleaned (by him) for 1 week.
2. I live in that house for ten years
-> That house has been lived (by me) for ten years
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II. Bài tâ ̣p: Viết lại các câu sau với từ gợi ý.

1. Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997.

 Samuel has kept a diary since 1997.
2. We started learning English fìve years ago.
 We have learnt English for five years.
3. I began living in Ho Chi Minh City when I was 8.
 I have lived in HCM City since I was 8.
4. She has taught the children in this remote village for five months.
 She started teaching the children in this remote village five months ago.
5. He hasn’t written to me since April. ( write – wrote – written)
 The last time he wroten to me was April.
6. She hasn’t had a swim for five years.
 She last swam five years ago.
7. They last talked to each other two months ago.
( S + have/has (not) + V3/ed + since/for + thời gian.)
 They haven’t talked to each other for two months.
8. The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999.
 She hasn’t seen her elder sister since 1999.
9. She hasn’t written to me for years.
Teacher: Nguyen Lan Phuong
( It’s + thời gian + since + S (last) + QKĐ.)
 It’s years since she last wrote to me.
10. Robert and Catherine have been married for ten ỵears.
 It’s ten years since Robert and Catherine married.
11. It’s two weeks since they cleaned their room.
 They last cleaned their room two weeks ago.
12. It’s over six months since John had his hair cut.
 John (last) had his hair cut six months ago.
13. How long is it since you rode a bicycle?
 When did you ride a bicycle?
 How long ago did you ride a bicycle?
14. How long is it since he wrote to ỵou?
 When did he write to you?
 How long ago did he write to you?
15. When did he last talk to you?
 How long is it since he (last) talked to you?
 How long ago did he talk to you?
16. When did you last telephone him?
 How long is it since you (last) telephoned him?
 How long ago did you telephone him?
17. We have never eaten this kind of food before.
( It’s (this is) the first time + S + have/has + ever + V3/ed.)
 It’s the first time we have (ever) eaten this kind of food.
 This is the first time we have (ever) eaten this kind of food.
18. This is the fìrst time I have seen this fìlm. ( have/has never = have/has not)
 I have never seen this film before.
19. This is the first time he went abroad.
 He hasn’t gone abroad before.
 He has never gone abroad before.
20. She started driving 1 month ago.
 She has driven for 1 month.
21. We began eating when it started to rain.
 We have eaten since it started to rain.
22. I last had my hair cut when I left her.
 I haven’t had my hair cut since I left her.
23. The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
 She hasn’t kissed me for 5 months.
24. It is a long time since we last met. ( for a long time)
Teacher: Nguyen Lan Phuong
  We haven’t met for a long time .
25. When did you have your own house ?
 How long ago did you you’re your own house?
 How long is it since you had your own house?
26. This is the first time I had a delicious meal .
 I haven’t had a delicious meal before.
 I have never had a delicious meal before.
27. I haven’t seen him for 8 days.
 The last time I saw him was 8 days ago.
28. I haven’t taken a bath since Monday.
 It is Monday since I last took a bath.
29. It's 2 years since I had a punture.
 I have had a punture for 2 years.
30. It's 2 months since he earned any money.
 He has earned any money for 2 months.
31. He last shaved the day before yesterday.
 He hasn’t shaved since the day before yesterday.
32. I last drank champagne at my brother's wedding. 
 I haven’t drank champagne since my brother’s wedding.
33. It's 2 years since I was last in Rome. 
 I haven’t been in Rome for 2 years.
34. I saw Tom last on his wedding day.
 I haven’t seen Tom since his wedding day.
35.I last ate raw fish when I was in Japan.
 I haven’t eaten raw fish since I was in Japan.
36. It's 2 years since Mary last spoke French.
 Mary hasn’t spoken French for 2 years.
37. It's ten weeks since I last had a good night sleep.
 I haven’t had a good night sleep for teen weeks.
38.He last paid taxes in 1970.
 He hasn’t paid taxes since 1970.
39.I last ate meat 5 years ago.
 I haven’t eaten meat for 5 years.
40. It's 3 months since the windows were cleaned.
 The windows haven’t cleaned for 3 months.
41. It's years since I last took photographs.
 I haven’t taken photographs for years.
42. I last watched TV on New Years's day.
Teacher: Nguyen Lan Phuong
  I haven’t watched TV since New Year’s day.
43.It's 3 months since he wrote to me.
 He has not written to me for 3 months.
44. The last time I was aboard was in the summer of 1978.
( S + have/has (not) + V3/ed + since/for + thời gian)
 I haven’t been aboard since the summer of 1978.
45. It's ten years since that house was lived in. ( HTHT)
 That house has been lived in for ten years.
44. I haven't seen him for 2 months.
 I last saw him 2 months ago.
45. I haven't been to a concert for over a year.
 The last time I was to a concert was over a year.
46. The last time I really enjoyed myself was your birthday party.
 I haven’t (really) enjoyed myself since your birthday party.
47. It's nearly 20 years since my father last saw his brother.
 My father hasn’t seen his brother for nearly 20 years.
48. When did you learn to drive?
 How long ago did you learn to drive
 How long is it since you learnt to drive?
49. The last time I went swimming was when we were in Spain.
 I haven’t gone swimming since we were in Spain.
50. You haven't tidied this room for weeks.
 It’s weeks since you ( last) tidied this room.
51. We started looking for a flat 2 months ago and we are still looking.
 We have looked for a flat for 2 months and we are still looking.
52. This is the first time I've been to a night club. ( have never been ) = have not
 I have never been to a night club before.
 I have not been to a night club before.
53. They have never heard such a thing before.
 This is the first time they’ve heard such a thing.
 It is the first time they’ve heard such a thing.
54. She left university 2 years ago
 It is 2 years since she left university.
55. My mother was the most warm-hearted person I've ever known.
 I have never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother.
56. I haven't been able to see them for over a year.
 It is over a year since I was able to see them.
57. It started to rain at 2 o'clock.
Teacher: Nguyen Lan Phuong
  It has rained since 2 o’clock.
58. I have never been to the zoo before.
 It is the first time I have ever been to the zoo.
 This is the first time I have ever been to the zoo.
59. John and Mary moved to Edinburgh twenty years ago.
 It is 20 years since John and Mary moved to Edinburgh
60. The police started looking for him two months ago.
 The police has looked for him for 2 months.
61. I have never seen a dirtier-looking dog.
 This is the first time I’ve ever seen a dirtier-looking dog.
 It is the first time I’ve ever seen a dirtier-looking dog.
62. Mary rang hours and hours ago.
 It is hours since Mary rang.
63. It is ages since Alan visited his parents. ( for ages = for a long time)
 Alan has not visited his parents for ages/ for a long time.
64. John has not had his hair cut for over six months.
 It is over six months since John had his hair cut.
65. I has never seen such a beautiful building.
 It's the most beautiful building I’ve ever seen.
66. I have never read such a romantic story.
 This is the most romantic story I’ve ever read.
67. They had never had such a cold winter.
 It was the coldest winther they had ever had.
68. You will never meet anyone more dangerous than Mrs Jones.
 Mr. Jones is the most dangerous person you’ve ever meet.
69. Man has never had such efficient servants as computer.
 Computer is the most efficient servants man has ever had.
70. I haven't played football since 2000.
 The last time I played football was in 2000.
71. I haven't been to HCM city for 2 years.
 The last time I went to HCM city was 2 years ago.
72. I 've never met such a famous person before.
 It is the first time I’ve ever met a famous person.
73. She hasn't seen that boy here before.
 It is the first time she has ever seen that boy here.
74. She hasn't written to us since last year.
 The last time she wrote to us was last year.
75. She started to learnt English 8 years ago.
Teacher: Nguyen Lan Phuong
  It’s 8 years since she started to learn English
76. He hasn't laughed so much for ages.
 It’s ages since he last laughed so much.
77. I haven't enjoyed myself so much for years.
 It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much.
78. The telephone rang for hours.
 It’s hours since telephone rang.
79. I haven't seen him for ages.
 It’s ages since I last saw him.
80. I have learned English for four years.
 We started learning English 4 years ago.
81. Ly’s father started to stop smoking last year.
 Ly’s father has stopped smoking since last year.
82. The editor hasn’t written to Mai for a month.
 The editor last wrote to Mai a month ago.
83. How long have you learned Vietnamese?
 How long ago did you learn Vietnamese?
 When did you learn Vietnamese?

Teacher: Nguyen Lan Phuong