ADVERB IN

SENTENCE (Kata
Keterangan dalam
kalimat)
 An adverb is a word that is used to change or
qualify the meaning of an adjective, a verb, a
clause, another adverb, or any other type of
word or phrase with the exception of determiners
and adjectives that directly modify nouns.
Adverbs normally carry out these functions
by answering questions such as:
⚫ When? She always arrives early.
⚫ How? He drives carefully.
⚫ Where? They go everywhere together.
⚫ In what way? She eats slowly.
⚫ To what extent? It is terribly hot.
This is called adverbial function and may be
accomplished by adverbial clauses and adverbial
phrases as well as by adverbs that stand alone.
 There are many rules for using adverbs, and these rules
often depend upon which type of adverb you are using.
Remember these basics, and using adverbs to make sentences
more meaningful will be easier for you.
⚫ Adverbs can always be used to modify verbs. Notice that the
second of these two sentences is much more interesting simply
because it contains an adverb:
 The dog ran. (You can picture a dog running, but you don’t really know
much more about the scene.)
 The dog ran excitedly. (You can picture a dog running, wagging its tail,
panting happily, and looking glad to see its owner. You can paint a much
more interesting picture in your head when you know how or why the dog
is running.)
⚫ Adverbs are often formed by adding the letters “-ly” to
adjectives. This makes it very easy to identify adverbs in
sentences. There are many exceptions to this rule;
everywhere, nowhere, and upstairs are a few examples.
⚫ An adverb can be used to modify an adjective and intensify the
meaning it conveys. For example:
 He plays tennis well. (He knows how to play tennis and sometimes he
wins.)
 He plays tennis extremely well. (He knows how to play tennis so well
that he wins often.)
 Kinds of adverbs

Adverb of time (which show when)

Adverb of frequency (which show how often)
Adverb of place (which show where)
Adverbs of manner (which show how or in
what manner)
Adverbs of degree or quantity (which show how
much, in what degree or to what extent)
Adverbs of affirmation (penegasan) and
negation (sangkalan)
Adverbs of reason
 Adverb of time

An adverb of time tells us when an action occurs. Such

as: now, first, last, early, yesterday, tomorrow,
today, later, every month, ago, lately.
1. I have heard this before.
2. We shall now begin to work.
3. He called here a few minutes ago.
4. I had a letter for him lately.
5. The end soon come .
6. Hani forgot her lunch yesterday and again today.
7. Tomorrow our fate will be sealed.
 Adverb of place
An adverb of place tells us where something is
done or happens. We use it after the verb, object or
at the end of a sentence. Adverbs of place include
words such as above, below, here, outside,
over there, there, under, upstairs.
⚫ We can stop here for lunch.
⚫ The schoolboy was knocked over by a school bus.
⚫ New York is located north of Philadelphia
⚫ They rushed for their lives when fire broke out
in the floor below.
⚫ Molly, move forward to the front of the
queue, please!
 Adverb of frequency
An adverb of frequency tells us how often something is done
or happens. Words used as adverbs of frequency include
again, almost, always, ever, frequently, generally,
hardly ever, nearly, nearly always, never,
occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes,
twice, usually, and weekly.
⚫ They were almost fifty when they got married.
⚫ He hardly ever say something nice to his wife.
⚫ While overseas, he frequently phoned home.
⚫ She is not nearly always right although she thinks she is
always right.
⚫ He complained that she never smiled back.
⚫ We only write to each other very occasionally.
⚫ Sometimes he stays late in the office to complete his work.
⚫ Our cat was bitten twice by the same dog.
⚫ The man usually proposes marriage.
 Adverb of manner
An adverb of manner tells us how something is
done or happens. Most adverbs of manner end in –
ly such as badly, happily, sadly, slowly,
quickly, and others that include well, hard, fast,
etc.
⚫ The dinner party went badly.
⚫ The brothers were badly injured in the fight.
⚫ John answered the question correctly
⚫ They had to act fast to save the others floating
in the water.
⚫ She passed the exam easily
⚫ At the advanced age of 88, she still sang very well.
 Adverb of degree
An adverb of degree tells us the level or extent that
something is done or happens. Words of adverb of
degree are almost, much, nearly, quite, really,
so, too, very, etc.
⚫ It was too dark for us to find our way out of
the cave. (Before adjective)
⚫ The referee had to stop the match when it began
to rain very heavily. (Before adverb)
⚫ Her daughter is quite fat for her age.
⚫ The accident victim nearly died from his injuries.
⚫ After all these years, she is still feeling very sad
about her father’s death.
 Adverbs of Condition
An adverb of condition tells us the condition needed before the main
idea comes into effect. (An adverb of condition often starts with if or
unless. For example:
⚫ If it rains, the party will be ruined.
(If it rains - adverb of condition)
⚫ I will not talk unless you apologize.
(unless you apologize - adverb of condition)

Adverbs of Negation/Concession
(penolakan/bertentangan)
An adverb of negation/concession contrasts with the main idea. An
adverb of concession often starts with a subordinating conjunction like
though, although, even though, while, whereas, and even if.
For example:
⚫ Although her face is an odd shape, she is undoubtedly beautiful.
(Although her face is an odd shape - adverb of concession)
⚫ A loud voice cannot compete with a clear voice, even if it's a whisper.
(Barry Neil Kaufman)
(even if it's a whisper - adverb of concession)
 Adverbs of Reason
An adverb of reason gives a reason for the main idea.
An adverb of reason usually starts with a
subordinating conjunctions like as, because, given,
or since. For example:
⚫Given today's strong tide, you should expect a
tough swim.
(Given today's strong tide - adverb of reason)
⚫I don't have a bank account because I don't know
my mother's maiden name.
(because I don't know my mother's maiden name
- adverb of reason)
 Exercise 1:

Rewrite the following adjectives as adverbs and find the meaning in

Indonesian language!
1. Slow………
2. Beautiful…….
3. Strong…..
4. Tidy……
5. Brave……
6. Soft…….
7. Cool……
8. Comfortable…….
9. Wise………
10. Quite………
11. Careless…….
12. Busy……….
 Exercise 2:

Underline the adverbs in the following sentences, then

translate it!
1. The man shouted loudly.
2. He arrived early.
3. The doctor has already left.
4. He drove carelessly.
5. The students talked noisily.
6. The people are playing in the beach.
7. Let’s go now.
8. Tony spoke politely to his lecture.
9. Have you seen my cat anywhere?
10. Come here!