Experiment 8.

2
Aim : To study the relationship between angle of incidence and angle of refraction
when light travels from a less dense medium to a denser medium.

Problem : What is the relationship between angle of incidence, i and angle of refraction,
statement r?
When the angle of incidence increases, will the angle of refraction also
increase?

Hypothesis : The greater the angle of incidence, the bigger the angle of refraction will be.

Variables : Manipulated: The angle of incidence, i

Responding: The angle of refraction, r
Constant: The size of light ray

Materials and : Glass block, ray box, single slit plate, ruler, power supply, white paper,
apparatus protractor.

Procedure :

1. Carry out this experiment in the dark.

2. Place the glass block on a piece of white paper and draw the outline
of the glass block.
3. Direct the incident ray to the glass block, mark its direction and draw
the incident ray by using a ruler.
4. Mark the path of ray emerging from the glass block and draw the ray
with a ruler.
5. Remove the glass block, connect the entry and exit point to display
the path of the ray inside the glass block.
6. Draw a normal at the entry point.
7. Measure the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction by using a
protractor.
8. Repeat steps 4 to 7 using different angles of incidence.
9. Record the results in the table and plot the result using graph of i
against r.
Observation :
Angle of incidence, i (0) Angle of refraction, r (0)
10 6
20 12
30 18
40 24
50 30

Discussion : 1. Based on the graph, state the relationship between the angle of
incidence and the angle of refraction.
The angle of incidence is proportional to the angle of refraction.

2. Predict the angle of refraction if the angle of incidence is 600.

36º

3. Will the light will be refracted if the incident ray is parallel to normal?
No, it won’t.

Conclusion : The greater the angle of incidence, the greater the angle
of refraction will be.
The hypothesis is accepted.