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Quality Specification
Revision History
REV Date By Rev Description
D 2/25/02 J.Conaway Modify Casting Visual Inspection Sections 2.1
thru 2.4 to SCRATA standards. Updated GEN
I critical-to-quality areas exhibit 12, 13, and
14.
E 04/28/09 G. Milind Increased the size of critical to quality area B
in exibit 12. Added critical to quality areas L
and M in exibit 13.
F 05/06/09 G. Milind Editorial Changes
G 01/20/12 N. Srivastava Section 6-Casting Tolerance updated per
SFSA supplement 3
H 11/7/14 M. Silva Critical areas for BBi truck frame and bolster
included (exhibits 14,15 and 16)
J 3/30/2015 J. Frederick Critical areas for BBi span bolster included
(exhibits 17 and 18)
K 03/07/2016 M. Silva Exhibit 16 updated due to buffer pad geometry
change.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1 Material
Truck frames, side frames, truck bolsters and span bolsters for General Electric Co.,
when produced in low carbon steel, shall meet the specifications of the latest issue
AAR M-201 Grade B (or B+ for span bolster) except max. carbon 0.25%. If at
anytime the carbon exceeds .25%, GE shall be notified and the carbon equivalent
shall comply with this specification.
Since unspecified alloying elements are unavoidably present in cast steel, the
following restriction is places on their concentration for reasons of weldability. The
permission maximum for nickel, chromium and molybdenum shall be contingent on
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the amount of carbon, manganese and silicon actually present. At no time shall the
“Carbon Equivalence”, as determined by:
CE = C + 1/3 (Mn + Cr) + 1/6 (Si + Ni) + 1/2 Mo, exceed 0.765%.
A ladle analysis of each melt shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the
percentage of the elements specified in the M-201 Table of Chemical Composition.
The actual chemical composition shall be reported to GE.
Other metal grades specified by General Electric shall comply with appropriate
General Electric Specifications for chemistry and physical requirements as called for
on the appropriate drawings.
When an order is placed with a supplier for a casting for the first time; or when a
new pattern is made; or when an existing pattern is changed to incorporate a design
change, GE at its option, will make or have made, strain gage tests to verify that the
casting will perform as expected. These tests, if deemed necessary by GE
Engineering, shall be made prior to initiating production.
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1.4 Painting
Following assembly and inspection, the casting shall be cleaned and painted with
primer-sealer, A50E140, or equivalent. Bushings and tapped holes shall have rust
preventative applied prior to painting.
2 VISUAL INSPECTION
2.1 Every truck frame and truck bolster shall be visually inspected to comply with this
Quality Specification. All cast surfaces shall be visually inspected. The surfaces of
the casting shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears. All surface
discontinuities shall meet the visual acceptance standards outlined by ASTM A-802
and the requirements defined in this specification for machined surfaces, critical
areas, and non-critical areas. Acceptance levels ulilize Steel Casting Research and
Trade Association (SCRATA) visual inspection acceptance graded reference
comparators for visual determination of as-cast surface features.
Surfaces indicated on the drawing that require machining shall meet acceptance
standards outlined by ASTM A-802 and Table I of this specification for acceptance
critria.
Surfaces defined as Critical Areas, (see attached Exhibits 1 thru 18) shall meet
acceptance standards outlined by ASTM A-802 and Table I of this specification for
acceptance critria.
Surfaces as defined as non-critical areas are all surfaces except those deifined as
critical areas as indicated in Section 2.3 of this specification. Surfaces defined as
Non-Critical Areas shall meet acceptance standards outlined by ASTM A-802 and
Table I of this specification for acceptance criteria.
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TABLE I
VISUAL INSPECTION ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
SURFACES CRITICAL NON-CRITICAL
TO BE AREA AREA
MACHINED SURFACE SURFACE
SURFACE FEATURE
Surface texture A4 A2 A3
Nonmetallic inclusions B4 B2 B3
Gas porosity C4 C2 C3
Fusion discontinuities D4 D2 D4
Expansion discontinuies E4 E2 E3
Inserts F4 F2 F4
Metal removal marks:
Thermal G4 G1 G2
Mechanical H4 H3 H4
Welds J4 J2 J3
Other:
Hot tears NONE NONE NONE
NOTE 1 Beaded core holes are to be per drawing size. They shall be free of
notches and not have depressions made by lack of core finishing lines
that appear to be parting lines. These holes are beaded to reduce high
stress areas. Therefore, they require the same close visual inspection
given critical areas.
NOTE 2 Unbeaded core holes shall have the sharp edge broken (chamfered) and
be free of notches.
Internal core holes that are finned over shall be opened up if needed for
drainage and/or inspection of adjacent areas. The fin does not have to
be completely removed.
NOTE 4 The manufacturer shall assure that the wall thickness has not been cut
into while removing the fin/s in a manner which would leave the wall
under the minimum specified thickness (minus 1/16” from the nominal
drawing dimension).
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NOTE 5 Acceptable notches less than 1/8” in depth shall have a minimum 3/16”
radius in the bottom of the notch if they are in critical areas. (NO SHARP
NOTCHES SHALL BE PERMITTED IN ANY AREA).
2.5.1 For inspection of interior cast surfaces the casting shall be cleaned out and the
internal cast surface shall be clean enough to inspect even though there may be a
light surface burn on and/or scale on the surface. All accessible internal as-cast
surfaces shall be inspected.
2.5.2 Parting lines may have up to a 3/16” projection as long as they are free of sharp
edges and/or notches.
2.5.3 Chaplets shall not have the heads raised up and/or bent above the as-cast surface.
2.5.4 Riser removal is acceptable if within 3/16” of as-cast surface and blended in a
workmanlike manner. No sharp edges to cause a stress raiser.
2.5.5 Sharp edges, fins and etc. that may cause injury to a person working on the casting
and/or assembly are not permitted, they shall be removed.
2.5.6 Surface pits, cold shuts, buckles and wrinkles shall not exceed 1/8” depth or height.
Cold shuts, wrinkles, interrupted pour lines, veins and rat tails are to be ground
approximately one inch area for each six in length and checked visually to assure
there are no cracks and/or hot tears in their length.
2.5.7 Any of the defect types listed in Table 1 shall not exceed 1/16” in depth on finished
machined surface.
2.5.8 All loose chills, rods and shot shall be removed from interior cast surfaces. If it can’t
be removed reasonably it may be left but must be tack welded in place to assure it
cannot fall out at any future time. Chills that consistently remain in an area must be
removed periodically to assure there is not a defect under the chill in the specific
area. No chill is permitted to be left in any area that is visible from an external view
of the casting.
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3.1.1.1 Critical areas of initial castings of newly designed or redesigned castings. The
quantity of castings to be inspected in this manner shall be mutually agreed upon
between the supplier and GE Transportation Systems.
3.1.1.2 Critical areas of sample castings made after changes in foundry practices which
have the possibility of affecting critical area quality.
3.1.1.3 May be used to Approve/Quality any new GE source for the castings. The quantity
of castings to be inspected shall be mutually agreed upon between the supplier and
GE Transportation Systems.
3.1.1.4 May be used to inspect repair cavities for complete removal of hot tears or cracks.
3.1.1.5 May be used to inspect critical areas which have a consistent history of cracks or hot
tears.
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Linear indications are those indications in which the length is more than three (3)
times the width. Rounded indications are those indications which are circular or
elliptical with lengths less than three (3) times the width.
Non-relevant indications are those linear and rounded indications that are not
detected during the visual inspection in Section 2.0 and are less than 2.5 inches
when viewed by M.P. Inspection. Relevant indications are those indications
detected during the visual inspection in Section 2.0 and are greater than or equal to
2.5 inches in length.
Any relevant indication shall be documented, monitored, and copies issued to the
GETS supplier. Quality Assurance Department. If a lessening of quality begins to
occur, the supplier shall immediately develop appropriate corrective action.
As specified, the entire casting and/or “Critical Areas” of the casting are to be
radiographed in accordance with ASTM E-94 “Recommended Practice for
Radiographic Testing”. The degree of casting soundness is to be defined by
comparison with ASTM E446 or E186, “Reference Radiographs for steel casting up
to 2 inches in thickness”.
3.2.1.1 First sample castings resulting from a newly designed or redesigned part.
3.2.1.2 Sample castings resulting from changes in foundry process and techniques which
may effect subsurface quality.
3.2.1.3 To periodically check production castings (per Section 4.0) in order to monitor the
consistency of subsurface quality of product castings.
Radiography is not intended to be used for the purpose of ascertaining that each
production castings will meet a specific radiographic standard. Rather, radiography
is intended to be used as a tool for the development of satisfactory foundry
procedure and provide sufficient checking of production castings, so that the foundry
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will discover when something has gone wrong with its processes and appropriate
remedial measures can be taken.
The intent is to produce Class 4 or better quality in critical areas, and Class 5 or
better quality in non-critical areas.
4 RI MONITORING OF PRODUCTION
When a quantity of less than 25 castings is ordered, only the first casting need to be
radiographic inspected. However, if this order (<25) is a continuance of identical
castings already being manufactured by the supplier, then they shall be treated as
part of the minimum rate of 1/25 production castings. In this cast, the first casting
may or may not be radiographic inspected.
As stated in the General Requirements Section 1.0, the NDE monitoring frequency
described above pertains to casting manufacturers which have obtained
“Qualification” from GE. New manufacturers shall be required to provide NDE,
verifying consistent acceptable quality, at a frequency established by mutual
agreement between the supplier and GE Transportation Systems.
5 WELDING
Welding shall be performed by welder qualified to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code or ASTM A488.
Defects found in critical areas (Ref. Exhibits 1 thru 13) shall be removed to sound
metal before welding. In case of doubt, completeness of defect removal shall be
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5.2.2.2 Defects such as sand, porosity and shrinkage shall be removed to a level that is
better than the minimum specified radiographic quality and have a repair cavity
compatible with sound welding practice. the defect cavity should have no open
voids or sand inclusions exceeding 1/8” in diameter.
5.3.1 The casting shall be room temperature (+40F. minimum) prior to the weld repair.
5.3.2 Welding shall be done by the Gas Metal Arc Process with Flux-Cored continuous
electrode or by the Shielded Metallic Arc Process.
5.3.3 The Flux-Cored electrode shall be of E-70T-1 Classification. (NOTE - 35-55 CFH of
welding grade CO2 shall be the shielding medium for the Gas Metal Arc Process).
5.3.4 Welding shall be allowed in the flat, horizontal and vertical positions. No overhead
welding will be allowed and all-vertical welding shall be performed with the upward
technique.
5.3.5 Individual layers of multi-pass deposits will be thoroughly cleaned of the slag
covering before deposition of succeeding layers.
All repairs are to have a nominal 1/8” crown and will be surface finished to conform
with the required contour of the casting. Repaired areas shall be worked and
inspected to the same surface conditions required of the base material.
All finished weld repairs shall be visually inspected for cracks, porosity, undercuts
and slag inclusions. The following criteria shall be utilized.
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5.4.2 Porosity and Slag: Any individual void or inclusion 1/8” or greater in dimension shall
be removed and repaired. Clustered porosity consisting of more than 5 pores per
square inch (1/16” or larger) shall be removed and repaired.
5.4.3 Undercuts: Undercuts in the surface of the finished weld that exceed 3/16” in length
and 1/16” depth shall be blended by grinding or repaired. Long shallow undercuts
(less than 1/16” deep) shall be blended by grinding.
5.4.4 Weld repairs shall be blended to the casting contour on all exterior unmachined
surfaces. Weld slag and weld spatter shall be removed from repair welds and
adjacent casting surfaces.
5.4.5 Weld repairs on interior as-cast surfaces need not be blended to the casting surface
if they are free of unacceptable undercuts as described in Note 8, crown, porosity
(gas holes) and etc.
Post weld heat treatment is not, in general, a requirement for these castings.
However, if a significant amount of weld repairs are made in a casting, in the critical
areas and this is done after a complete normalizing cycle has occurred, then the
casting shall be given a stress relief treatment @ 1100F for a minimum of 2 hours
at temperature.
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Total casting tolerances which for any reason need to be held tighter than this
standard will specifically shown on the drawings. Otherwise, the following SFSA
2000 tolerance grade published in Steel Foundry Society of American (SFSA)
supplement 3 shall apply:-
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Many casting features cross the mold parting line. The expected dimensional
variability of these features perpendicular to the parting line includes a component of
parting line variability. The expected magnitude of this parting line variability
component depends on the molding process,
The additional variability for no-bake casting features that cross the parting line is
particularly significant. This parting line variability can be expected to vary
significantly from foundry to foundry depending on the molding and tooling systems
in use. The parting line component of dimensional variability for no-bake castings
must be considered when selecting feature orientation for close-tolerance features
6.1.3 Minimum casting wall thickness shall be .125 inch under nominal. The maximum
wall thickness will be determined by the weight of the casting which shall vary no
more than 5% above the established weight of a nominal casting.
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2. Up and down both sides of juncture of transom to side frame (including radii at top and
bottom surfaces).
3. Bottom and up both sides, for minimum of 3 inches, of each side of middle spring pocket.
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CRITICAL AREAS
1. Four corners, from top to bottom, of motor vent opening.
2. Plugged hole in center of center pin bowl. (Top and bottom, Sheet 2 of Casting)
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3. Up and down both sides of juncture of transom to side frame (include. radii at top and
bottom surfaces).
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2. Up and down both sides of juncture of transom to side frame (including radii at top and
bottom surfaces).
3. Bottom and up both sides, for minimum of 3 inches, of each side of middle spring pocket.
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2. Up and down both sides of juncture of transom extension to side frame. Including top and
bottom of radii.
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Exhibit 12
(Increased area B to
cover web)
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Exhibit 13
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Exhibit 14
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Exhibit 15
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Exhibit 16
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Exhibit 17
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Exhibit 18