NAME : DANISH.

REG.NO : 19BME0737

SUBJECT CODE : MEE2004

SUBJECT TITLE : MECHANICS OF MACHINES

SLOT : L7 + L8

GUIDED BY : VENKATESAN K
Exp. No: - 4 Batch: 3
Name: Danish.M Reg no: 19BME0737
Slot: L7+L8 Faculty: Venkatesan K
HARTNELL GOVERNOR

Aim:
To conduct an experiment on the Watts’ governor set up and to plot the following graphs.
1. Speed Vs Sleeve displacement
2. Radius of rotation Vs Centrifugal Force

Description of the Equipment

The drive unit consists of a small electric motor connected by a ‘V’ belt to drive the shaft. The
Motor & main shaft are mounted on a rigid M.S. base frame in vertical fashion. The Governor
spindle is supported in a ball bearing.

The unit has a unique facility of fixing optional Governor Mechanisms on spindle, by removing
the nut fitted on top of the spindle shaft. The Dimmerstat provided with this unit achieves
precise speed control.
A counter hole over the spindle shaft allows the use of a hand tachometer to measure the
speed of the shaft. (Tachometer is not in the scope of supply). A graduated scale is fixed to
the bracket and guided in vertical direction to measure the lift.
The center sleeve of the porter and proell Governors incorporates a weight sleeve to which
weights can be added. In the Hartnell Governor spring rate and initial compression level can
be varied. This enables the Hartnell Governor, to be operated as a stable or unstable
Governor.

Specifications:

1. Electric Motor : DC Motor, Capacity - ¼ hp, 1500rpm speed, Single Phase, 230 V AC.
2. Dimmerstat – 2 Amp., DC Type – for controlling the speed.

3. Separate linkages with balls are provided for Watt & Porter type governor and proell
governor mechanism.

4. Spring loaded linkage for Hartnell Governor Mechanism.

Procedure :-

The Governor mechanism as desired, to be tested is fitted with the chosen weights and
spring, where applicable, to the spindle shaft. Ensure that the nut & bolts of all the moving
parts and of the spindle shaft are properly tightened. Then following simple procedure is to
be followed.

1. Measure initial compression of the spring.

2. Keep the knob of the dimmerstat in zero position before switching on the main supply.
3. Switch on the main supply and gradually go on increasing the speed of the motor. Due to
this the center sleeve rises from the lower stop aligning with the marking on the scale.
This is initial lift of the sleeve.
4. Note down the readings of the sleeve position(x) and speed for this lift. Speed of the motor
(N) is noted from the electronic display.
5. Then increase the speed in steps to give suitable sleeve movement and note down the
readings of sleeve displacement and the corresponding speed.
6. The readings are tabulated.
7. After completing the experiment bring the knob of the dimmerstat to its original position
i.e. zero slowly and gradually. Then switch off the main supply.
8. Calculations are done and the required characteristic curves are plotted

Dimensions
a) Length - a = 0.077 m.
b) Length – b = 0.115 m.
c) Mass of ball - m = 0.50
d) Initial radius of rotation – ro = 0.165 m.
e) Spring stiffness - P = 0.18 kg/cm – (for 1.5 mm)
(176.6 N/m)
1 kg/cm - (for 2.5 mm )
(981 N/m)
f) Free Length of spring = 0.13 m.
Formulae :-
Radius of rotation ‘r’ at any position could be found as follows:
r = ro + x (a/b) mtr.
Angular Velocity ‘’ = 2N/60 rad/s
Spring force = in (N)
( Free Length of Spring – Compressed Length of Spring ) x Spring Stiffness

Tabulation :

Sl..No. Speed Sleeve Radius of Force Spring

(N) Displacement rotation F = m x 2 r Force
(x) (r)
rpm m m N N
1 240 0.003 0.167 52.857 22.428
2 280 0.007 0.169 72.641 21.721
3 320 0.0165 0.176 98.816 20.044
4 360 0.026 0.182 129.330 18.366
5 400 0.043 0.193 169.319 15.364

Following graphs are then plotted to study governor characteristics:

a) Force Vs Radius of rotation.

b) Speed Vs Sleeve Displacement.
Graph attached below in the document

Result:
Min speed = 240 rpm, r = 0.167 m, F = 52.857 N
Max speed = 400 rpm, r = 0.193 m, F = 169.319 N

Inference:

 The hartnell governor is used to maintain the speed of the engine within
specified limits whenever there is variation of load

 The above is done by regulating fuel supply