Group of Bernardino - Chapter 1

HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK - UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI PAGE 1
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Ignacio Estrada once said "If a child cannot learn the way we
teach, maybe we should teach the way they learn." This quote simply
tells us that children vary on how they learn and what teaching strategy
they are used to. Some children can learn easily by using some
technology devices and they find it hard to study in a manual strategy
while other students are used to go to the library and find the things
they will be need.
And as the time passed by, education is always been a big impact.
When the economy of our country improves, the way of teaching is also
improving. Education is important to every person. It helps to improve
yourself and also to secure your future but we have different ways of
learning. On this research we can see a big difference between ways of
teachings from the old style until now. Both have positive and negative
impact and it also help to change our system, now we have technologies
to help us study or research in an easy way but the bad effect is that,
the learners are becoming lazy and irresponsible because teachers can’t
hurt them back before, teachers are hurting the students to discipline
and to listen to them.

The purpose of this research is first, to educate you about our
topic about the comparison of traditional and 21 st century teaching
strategies. Second is to identify which of the 2 strategies is best for
teaching. Third is to inform you the big differences of the 2 strategies.
Fourth is to show you the advantages and disadvantages of each
teaching strategies and lastly to give you the clear and concise
conclusion of our research.
The researchers agreed to conduct this study because they want
to inform and to contribute knowledge about the most effective way of
teaching between the traditional and 21st century teaching strategies
and also to know which of this strategy is better for students for them to
learn easily and fast. This study may also help educators on which
strategy must be applied. Most students learn depending on how
educators execute and deliver every topic needed to be discussed.
Parents are there to motivate and to give inspiration to their children to
do better in school. They should be the first to educate their children in
terms of education, values and discipline.
The researchers conducted this study to inform and to give ideas and
new learnings about the comparison of two teaching strategies, the
traditional and 21st century.

Background of the study
Education has been a priority in the Philippines for decades and
teaching styles have changed significantly over the years, molding each
student’s behavior, mind, and personality by ways of dispensing them
all the information they needed inside the classroom. Traditional and
modern education is both related to each other and different from each
other also. The traditional teaching, also known as conventional
education has been around since the American colonizers invaded our
country.
Thomasites were the first 600 American teachers who travelled
from United States to their newly annexed territory, the Philippines.
This way of teaching was delivered through recitation and memorization
techniques. Teachers usually spent their time writing on the
blackboards being copied by the students which will then be followed by
an explanation, this style is called the “chalk and talk method”, however
participation of the students is less observed and practiced. Teachers
are mainly the sole source of information. Whereas the modern way or
the 21st century way of doing things involves interactive and
collaborative learning methods between teacher and the students
suchlike social activities, oral recitation and group reports wherein
students will be competently competitive professionals in the real world.

Most teachers use technology and gadgets in teaching. They flash
presentations on-screen, videos, images and documents. They can
assign an online task for the students using their laptops, tablets
and/or mobile phones. Teachers can teach and save simultaneously on
their content with the important points which they want to teach and
save it in computer files that can't be done through traditional
blackboards. The continuous advancement of technology is also a great
impact especially on using gadgets as a tool for learning. Due to this,
time factor is reduced and also teacher is not needed to write each time
on boards the same lessons and they can just explain it already while
viewing their presentations. People who experienced traditional way of
teaching are degrading them. Saying that old teaching style is way more
effective and advantageous to students that using digital devices as a
tool for learning that’s why we the researchers came up with this study.
Both teaching strategies had their advantages and disadvantages
in terms of education, values and discipline, materials needed and also
for the facilities. The other teaching strategy might be good or bad in
different terms.
Objectives of the Study
The researchers conducted this study in order to find out the
difference between the traditional and 21st century teaching strategies.
In this way, students may be able to adjust to the best strategies which
will be employed by the teachers. The researchers also want to come up
answers to the following objectives:
1. To compare the 2 strategies in terms of the ff.
1.1 Discipline & Values
1.2 Knowledge
1.3 Teaching Materials
1.4 Facility
2. To know the most effective learning strategy between traditional
and 21st century way of teaching.
3. To determine the effects of different strategies to the teachers and
students.
4. To identify the advantages of traditional and 21 st century way of
teaching.
5. To identify the disadvantages of traditional and 21 st century way
of teaching.
Statement of the Problem
This research seeks to find facts about the study "the comparative
study between traditional and 21st century strategies" and more
specifically it is an attempt to find answers to the following questions.
1. How do these 2 different strategies vary in terms of the ff:
1.1 Discipline & Values
1.2 Knowledge
1.4 Facility
2. What is the most effective learning strategy to the teachers and
students?
3. What are the effects of different strategies to the teachers and
students?
4. What are the advantages of traditional and 21 st century way of
teaching?
5. What are disadvantages of traditional and 21 st century way of
teaching?
Significance of the Study
Technology affects our education in a way that the students &
teachers used this in learning. Because of this our education will have a
new strategy and this study particularly in terms of the following:
1. Compare the styles, causes, effects and learning materials of both
teaching methods.
2. Find out the benefits of the traditional and modern way of
teaching so we can determine the differences between traditional
and 21st century teaching strategy.
3. Know what is the most effective between the two strategies in
today’s generation.
4. Find out the pros and cons of both teaching strategies and;
5. Figure out where are the students compatible.
The result of this research could be highly beneficial especially to
the following:
Students: They are the beneficiaries of the study considering that when
teachers possess that high level of confidence in teaching.
Teachers: They will be able to identify the strengths and weaknesses of
the strategies and will be able to enhance their teaching method towards
the students.
Parents: Parents who are greatly concerned in the education of their
children will be aware of the styles on how their children learn.
Future Researchers: The result of this study will serve as a guide for
future studies pertaining to teaching- learning strategies, teaching-
learning process and learning preferences. This study will also be an
instrument wherein it can help them differentiate between the two
learning strategies.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study is particularly concerned with the determinants of teaching
methods effectiveness also concerned with examining influences of
teaching method (traditional and 21st century) and determining which
of this method is more effective and also to know what is perfectly fitted
to our current generation or where the students can gain more skill and
knowledge between two strategies. By that we the researchers of this
topic will conduct a survey to the students of University of Makati the
result of the survey will tell what is more effective between two strategies
(traditional and 21st century way of teaching).

Conceptual Framework
INPUT OUTPUT
st
A. Comparison of 21 and We the researchers
traditional teaching in terms conclude that these two
of: strategies (traditional and
1.1 Discipline 21st century teaching) are
PROCESS
both effective in different
1.2 Values -Survey aspects such as:
1.3 Knowledge -Interview 1.1 Discipline
1.4 Teaching Materials 1.2 Values
1.5 Facility 1.3 Knowledge
B. Advantages and 1.4 Teaching Materials
Disadvantages of Traditional
Way of Teaching 1.5 Facility
C. Advantages and
Disadvantages of 21st
Century Way of Teaching
Discussion of Conceptual Framework
Input
A. Comparison of 21st and traditional teaching in terms of:
1.1 Discipline
1.2 Values
1.3 Knowledge
1.5 Facility
B. Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional Way of Teaching
C. Advantages and Disadvantages of 21st Century Way of Teaching
Process
Survey
Interview
Output
We the researchers conclude that these two strategies (traditional
and 21st century teaching) are both effective in different aspects such as
1.1 Discipline
1.2 Values
1.3 Knowledge
1.5 Facility.
This figure presents our conceptual framework. It consists of the
input, process and output of the respondents (students, teachers and
parents) such as the input will determine the comparison of 21 st century
and traditional way of teaching strategies in different aspects on how it
may affect the respondent's discipline, values, knowledge, materials that
are used and the facilities will be also discuss. This research also
informs you about the advantages and disadvantages of both strategies
to the respondents.
The process is about the gathering of data from the respondents
through surveying and interviewing them which will later evaluated
through getting all the information, frequency and getting the total
percentage. The output will reveal a comparative study between
traditional and 21st century way of teaching and also to determine which
of these two strategies is the most effective.
Teaching strategies to the structure system methods techniques
procedures and processes that a teacher us during instruction. It is also
a generalized plan for a lesson which includes structure desired
learner’s behavior in terms of goals of instructions and an outline
planned tactics necessary to implement the strategy. Here you will find
two of strategies that may help students take more responsibility to
their own learning and enhance the process of teaching for learning.
First, the traditional teaching method where the students would do their
school work manually such as recitation and memorization without any
advanced gadget helping them. It is defined as teacher-centered delivery
of instruction to classes of students who are the receivers of
information. It promotes the adoption of progressive education practices,
a more holistic approach which focuses on individual student needs and
self-control. The primary educational technique was simple oral
recitation. Typically, students at quietly at their places and listened to
one student after another recite until it had been called upon. The
teacher’s primary activity was and listening to these recitations. It is
also a strategy where the teachers and students would lecture directly
on the blackboard using a chalk and manually explain the details. Next
is the 21st century way of teaching or the modern way of teaching is the
method where the students would study the given topic using some
technologies such as power point presentation in a TV screen modern
way of teaching is much more student- centered.
According to Jim Scrivener, the teacher's main purpose is to "help
learning to happen", which includes "involving" students on what is
going on "by enabling them to work at their own speed, by not giving
long explanations, by encouraging them to participate, talk, interact and
do things, etc.
1.1 School discipline is the action takes by the teachers towards a
student (or a group of students) when the students behavior disrupts
the educational activity or breaks a rule. Traditional discipline refers to
the behavior management strategies that have been used by teachers
before. Students were disciplined to prevent bad behavior. Sanctions
and punishment imposed may include verbal reprimands, meeting with
parents and temporary removal from class, withdrawal of privileges,
school community service detention, internal school suspension, short
term external suspension and permanent exclusion from school. As time
passed by, 21st century had developed alternative approaches for
disciplining students. These includes protocols such as giving warnings,
keeping in a child on recess, keeping him/her after school, or sending
the students to guidance office for counseling and guidance advice.
Values in traditional way of teaching are more developed than modern
way of teaching in different aspects. Students are more independent
doing school work before through searching deeply using books while in
the modern way of teaching most students depends on technologies.
1.2 When it comes to knowledge, the traditional way of teaching is more
effective than 21st century or the modern way because on the
traditional way you are going to find the information manually such as
reading thick books and by doing it manually it will take you a long time
searching for the information needed while on the 21st century it is
more useful because in this way of teaching the students and the
teacher we're able to share knowledge to everyone because anyone can
express their opinions and thoughts.
1.3 When it comes to the materials used in teaching, the modern way or
the 21st century way of teaching is more effective and influential
because in this strategy, you can do school works easily without having
a lot of struggles as long as you have internet connection. Mostly,
gadgets are used as a tool for learning. You can directly access and find
the answers or the information in just a fingertip. On the other hand,
materials used in traditional way of teaching are quietly unique because
this is the time where you are going to a library and search for the
information you need manually. This strategy has been used widely
back then.
1.4 Where sources, facilities, teachers, textbooks, laboratories, tools and
equipment, teaching aids etc. are inadequate, the teaching approach
tends to be teacher-centered or called the traditional way of teaching.
This type of approach is heavily dominated by the teachers as he or she
lectures on the subject, gives notes and demonstrates the practical
aspects of the lessons. The students remain passive participants
expected to listen and observe only. The teacher, therefore, is the sole
source of knowledge for the pupils, while on the 21st century, facilities
are way better due to advancement of technology. New improved and
high-quality equipment and facilities are used. School facilities affect
health, behavior, engagement, learning and growth in achievement of
the students.
B. Let’s have a glimpse on the advantages and disadvantages of the two
strategies (traditional and 21 st) but let’s tackle first the traditional way of
teaching.
Traditional classrooms have been competing with the
increasingly popular virtual classrooms ever since information
technology started to develop but traditional education has really
benefited many students for it is a strategy in teaching.
Advantages
1.1 It is a teacher-centric classroom which means the teacher is the one
who provides all the pieces of information and the one who always talks.
The good thing about here is that the information the teacher provides
came from textbooks and spreading of fake information are not
tolerated.
1.2 This strategy provides students with a fixed schedules and specific
periods dedicated exclusively for learning. Tradition systems use a fixed
timetable which must be followed by all students this helps in preparing

students for future responsibilities. This helps the students and
teachers to be organized inside the classroom. This helps them to be
civilized and disciplined.
1.3 In traditional teaching, students are used to going to school and
learning in a classroom surrounded by classmates. The learning
atmosphere of the traditional classroom helps them to stay
focused and keeps them motivated; unlike virtual classrooms,
where procrastination can become a common attitude, traditional
classrooms preserve a feeling of “now and here” all through the
learning process.
1.4 Traditional teaching preserves our culture. It focuses on how a
student should behave on its family, friends and community. This helps
a child to develop its personality in a positive way by teaching them
moral values, ethics, and way of discipline.
1.5 Students are not capable of working without the reassurance
of the work they are doing from the professionals that is why they
prefer face-to-face interactions than technology-mediated
conversation and by that students will have a direct interaction with
the teachers and can be able to ask for questions or more explanation
on areas they didn’t understand facilitating participative learning.

1.6 This strategy provides definite information. Teachers only use
textbooks in getting the information they needed. Not all information in
the internet are all correct and accurate, some are hoax and useless.
This is a big advantage because wrong information won’t be spread.
It is a fact that traditional education is one of the best mode of
education but it also has some drawbacks which can be eliminated with
proper planning and implementation on these policies. Traditionally,
classroom settings are teacher-centered where the teacher often talks at
the students instead of encouraging them to interact, ask questions or
make them understand the lesson thoroughly.
Disadvantages
1.1 It is a good advantage that the teacher only talks and the
information is definite but on the other hand, it is not good to the
students.
1.2 Lack of technologies and facilities. It is a time consuming if you are
to use some thick books to get information and to teach using a
blackboard and then discuss it afterwards.
1.3 Spoon Feeding. The teacher is the host of the classroom while the
students should just take in the information and memorize them that is
why students are always dependent on their teachers in every study
related matter. This makes them dependent on teachers. This trait

suppresses the creative side of their personality and they never get to
know their strengths.
1.4 The use of authoritarian approach. Teachers use their authority in
making all the decisions concerning the students leaving students with
no room to express themselves. Also, way back then, teachers have the
power to punish any of the students, or maybe threaten them and this
can have a negative effect on a student, it can lower his/her self-
confidence in speaking in front of the class.
1.5 Socializing is one of the big impacts on the personality of many
students in their life. Teachers are used on giving their students do an
individual work just like assignments and projects and it is the reason
why socializing or interacting with other students and teachers cannot
be improved.
C. Advantages and Disadvantages of 21st Century Way of Teaching.
Day by day technology is growing and modern education has
been flaunted all round the world, which is useful and easy for teachers
and also students. In the early 1980s, developmental psychologist and
educational researcher Howard Gardner verified and published Frames
of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences in 1983. These conclude us
that 21st century learning focuses more on developing a child’s

personality in different ways. This strategy helps students to know
about their hidden talents.
Advantages
It uses a collaborative learning wherein students should interact
with their classmates, and students should be encouraged to participate
in discussions, this is effective especially in group activities or oral
reports. This helps the students to have a brainstorming with each
other. More ideas will be heard and at the same time you can have a lot
of friends that can affect you positively.
Modern education molds the students to be globally competitive.
The education system’s ability to develop and respond to this growing
need of skills is central to the integrity of the education system
remaining the center for job readiness for future generations of workers.
Skill development and vocational education has added a new feather to
the modern system of education. Professionals are teaching us to be
skilled-workers and preparing us to the complex world wherein skills
are so important on finding a job. Professionalism is deep-rooted in our
society now and this education makes us so.
Wide knowledge Modern schools equip students with a wide
scope of knowledge as compared to other alternative methods of

education. Students can learn technical skills, social and even sports
skills.
Current generation can feel at ease learning on a 21 st century
teaching because they are fond of using technology in studying. Modern
day education is aided with a variety of technology, computers,
projectors, internet, and many more. There are countless resources for
enhancing education and making learning more fun and effective like
driven- classroom topics are being discussed through power points or
video presentations and this enable the students to be more creative in
presenting their reports organized and technology-oriented. And by
means of technology, fresh information can easily access unlike before
you have to go to that library to find the information you need and this
gives you a better time usage. On today’s technology, you can now
search the information you want to know just by one tap on your gadget
and it can lessen the time you are consuming. This also helps you to
work easily on the task you need to finish.
Disadvantages
When it comes to modern age, most of the school works can’t be
done without the use of technology and that is why you’ll have a lot of
struggle without the internet

1.1 Some of the teachers are fond of using visual aids, blackboard, and
the most prominent “chalk and talk method” and using of gadgets gives
them a hard time to cope up.
1.2 This strategy is making as dependent on the gadgets we are using.
All the tools we are using consists most of gadgets like laptop, phone
and tablets. Teachers also use video presentations and power point in
teaching students and it has a bad effect on us because it can make us
became lazy on doing our tasks.
1.3. Today’s technology is costly. Students gives importance to gadgets
because it’s useful for them in academic purposes but not all students
afford to buy some gadgets and they don’t afford to have an internet
connection at home. This will cause them to fail their grades because of
lack in connection and information.
1.4 Plagiarism, because of a lot of information on the internet, we are
overwhelmed with good ideas that will make us copy the work or ideas
of other people. The consequences of plagiarism are far-reaching and no
one is immune. Neither ignorance nor stature excuses a person from the
ethical and legal ramification of committing plagiarism.
Output
Based on all data, information and survey results gathered. We
can conclude that both of the strategies are effective but on each
different aspects such as how teachers discipline and develop values of
students, how they educate and teach them knowledge, how materials
for learning and facilities affects students learning and engagement into
the lessons.
Theoretical Framework
Teaching and Learning Theories
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Constructivism
Experiential Learning
Humanism
Pedagogy and Andragogy
Pragmatism
Sensory theory
Discussion of Theoretical Framework
Teaching and Learning Theories
There are a lot of theories regarding the way people learn. These
theories are not exactly the way the theorist says so but these theories
can help the learners regarding the topic about education. These
theories can also help the learners to understand more about our topic
“A Comparative study between traditional and 21 st century education
teaching strategies”.
Behaviorism
Behaviorism is the way a learner will respond on something that
will be given to them and how it will shape them in either a positive or
negative way. Behavior can also be changed by learning something.
Skinner (1974) believed that the behavior of a learner depends on how
you will treat them. For example, if you give feedback such as “That’s
great, you’ve produced the document without any errors” or “You’re
certainly getting on well with that task” on a person’s work they will
repeat the effort and commitment they did on their first work and vice
versa, if you gave a negative feedback they won’t repeat the kind of work
they did. That is why it depends on how the interaction takes place.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism focuses on the inner mental activities such as
thinking, problem solving and memorizing. It is said that new knowledge
can built if only people are participating actively. Changes in behavior
are observed depending on what’s inside the learner’s mind. Cognitivism
uses the metaphor of the mind as computer, like computer, the
knowledge or information comes in our mind and then it will be
processed like understanding the information and then lastly, the
learning takes place. It also influence education, as a studies of how
people learn potentially sheds light on how to teach effectively.
Constructivism
Constructivism is about learning being an active, contextualized
process of constructing knowledge rather than acquiring it. It says here
that constructivism focuses more of making knowledge rather than
gaining more knowledge. Learners used their past experiences and
cultural factors such as values, beliefs, customs, and rituals held in
common by people in one community. These factors and experiences are
being use to current situations and knowledge processes are
individually interpreted and constructed depending on the person.
1. “Every function in a child’s cultural development appears
twice. First, on the social level, and later, on the individual

level; first between people (inter psychological) and then inside
the child (intra psychological). Vygotsky’s first major theme
stated that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the
process of cognitive development. Vygotsky felt that learning
precedes development.
2. MKO or more known as the More Knowledgeable Other. MKO
refers to a person whose thinking skills and understanding are
more higher than the others with respect to a particular task
given to them, process and lastly concepts. MKO persons are
those who experience such as a teachers, older adult. But
sometimes MKO could also be a peer/friend, a younger person,
or even the information from the internet. It normally depends
on the person if he/she has a higher ability level than the
learner.
3. The third is ZPD or known as Zone of Proximal Development.
Zone of Proximal Development is the difference between a
student’s ability to perform under the guidance of an adult or
peer collaboration and the ability of the student to solve
problem independently or without a guidance from an adult.
Think of these themes as:

1. What the learner can do
2. What the learner can do with help from others
3. What the learner can’t do yet but will attempt to do
Experimental Learning
Is a way when the learner will commit a mistake on purpose to
learn something. The learner is ready to take a risk for the sake of
knowledge. This method is for the experience of the learner to mold their
minds for the future, also to help the learner to gain knowledge, to
observe and to reflect. This can also help the learner to think before
making a move. Kold (1984) proposed a four stage model known as the
experiential learning.
 Doing Stage
Experience is so important in a person’s life and concrete
experience is about taking a full action in a task and it is
the first stage of a person which carries out the task
assigned to them.
 Thinking Stage
Observation and reflection are the two factors that is needed
in this stage and this can only be done by reviewing the
task that has been done. The three things that can
influence your thinking are values, attitudes and beliefs.

 Planning Stage
It is the third stage of the experiental learning and abstract
conceptualization is involved in this. It interprets
experiences that happened to them and then taking away
on that experience.
 Redoing Stage
What enables you to understand learnings and concluding
what will happen next is your active experimentation. This
can also help you to enhance or improve the task you did to
make it satisfactory.
Humanism
Humanism is an passageway that believes that learning will helps
the students as a personal act to fulfill potential. Humanist believe that
it is important to study a person as a whole, as they process and
develop over their lifetime.
Rogers (1983) and other developed the theory of facilitated
learning based on facts that people have a natural human willingness to
learn and that learning will help the people their own concept. This
theory indicate that learning will take place if that person delivering it
acts as a facilitator. The facilitator should demonstrate an atmosphere
in which the learners fell comfortable, are able to discuss new ideas and
learn from their mistakes, as long as they are not threatened by external
factors.
Pedagogy and Andragogy
Pedagogy is a formal teaching where in the teacher is the one who
directs the learning. Andragogy is an informal teaching where in the
learner is the focus of the discussion.
Knowles et al. (2005. He defined andragogy as a help for adults in
learning. Andragogical emphasis on what the learner is doing.
Experiences and knowledge was involved, including what they already
know and their interest. Learner can also learn from people around
them, their own experiences, knowledge as well as from you.
Pragmatism
According to John Dewey (1859-1952), formal schooling was
falling apart of its potential. He emphasized that teacher must facilitate
learning through promoting various activities rather than the traditional
teacher-focused method. He believed that learners learnt more from
guided experiences by the teachers than from authoritarian
instructions. He subscribed into pragmatist theory which he described
that learners must be the focus rather than the teachers. He argued
that learning is life, not just a preparation for life. He suggested that
using different learning and delivery approaches, combined with

practical activities will help reach learners with different learning
preferences of each individual teacher were teaching.
Sensory Theory
Laird (1985) suggested that learning occurs when the five senses,
sense of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste are stimulated. But he
stated that is only easy when the teachers are teaching a practical but
not so if you are teaching a theoretical subjects. But according to him, if
you are willing to try something different, you can make your sessions
really more interesting and more memorable. If possible, teachers may
link theories to practice and also use practical activities based around
the subjects and the areas of interest of the learners. If teachers can
make their session fun and interesting, relating to all senses, it will help
learners remember topics better. Also don’t forget the two senses you
can use as a teacher, the sense of humor and common sense.

Operational Definition
Advantages – something (such as a good position or condition) that
helps to make someone or something better or more likely to succeed
than others.
- A good or desirable quality or feature.
- Benefit or gain.
Approach – to or become near or nearer to something or someone.
- To more or become near or nearer in time to something.
- To get close to can amount or level.
Aspects – a part of something.
- The way a person, place or thing appears.
- The direction that something ( such as a room or building )
faces or points towards.
Authoritarian/Authority - expecting or requiring people to obey rules
or law: not all allowing personal freedom.
Authority – the power to give orders or make decisions: the power or
right to direct or control someone or something.
- A quality that makes something seem true or real.
Brainstorming – a group problem – solving techniques that involve that
spontaneous contribution of ideas from all member of the group also:

the mulling over of ideas by one or more individuals in an attempt to
devise or find a solution to a problem.
Behavior – the way a person or animal acts or behaves.
- The way something ( such as a machine or substance )
moves function, or reacts.
Chalk – a type of soft, light-colored rock.
Talk – to say words in order to express your thoughts, feelings, opinions
etc. to someone.
- To have a conversation or discussion with someone.
Collaborate – to work with another person or group in order to achieve
or do something.
- To give help to an enemy who has invaded your country
during a war.
Cope – a long, loose piece of clothing that is worn by a priest on special
occasions.
Cost – the price of something that amount of money that is needed to
pay for or buy something.
- Something that is lost, damaged or given up in order to
achieve or get something.
Culture – the beliefs, customs, arts etc. of the particular society, place
or time.
- A particular society that has its own beliefs, ways of life art,
etc.
Demonstrate – to prove (something) by showing examples of it: to show
evidence of ( something )
- To show ( a quality feeling etc. ) dearly to other people.
Dependent – decided or controlled by something else.
- Needing someone or something else for support, help, etc.
Discipline – control that is grained by requiring that rules or orders be
obeyed and punishing bad behavior.
- A way of behaving that shows a willingness to obey rules or
orders.
- Behavior that is judged by how well it follows a set or rules
or orders.
Disadvantage – something that causes difficulty: Something that makes
someone or something worse or less likely to succeed than others.
- A bad or undesirable quality or feature.
- Loss, damage or harm.
Engagement – an engagement to be married: the act of becoming
engaged or the state of being engaged to be married.
- A promise to meet or be present at a particular place and
time.
- A job as a performer.
Equipment – supplies or tools needed for a special purpose.
- The act of equipping someone or something.
Ethical – rules of behavior based on ideas about what is morally good
and bad.
- A beliefs that something is very important.
Facilities – something (such as a building or large piece of equipment)
that is built for a specific purpose.
- Something that makes an action operation or activity easier.
Far Teaching – affecting many people or things: having a wide range or
influence.
Fond – feeling or showing love or friendship: strongly felt.
Gap – a space between two people or things.
- A hole or space when something is missing.
- A missing part.
Immune – not capable of being affected by a disease.
- Not influenced or affected by something.
- Having special protection from something that is required for
most people by law.
Impact – to have a strong and often bad effect on ( something or
someone )
- To hit (something) with great force.
Inadequate – not enough or not good enough, not advocate.
Influential/Influence – the power to change or affect someone or
something.
- The power to cause changes without directly forcing them
to happen.
Integrity – to quality of being honest and fair.
Knowledge – Information, understanding or skill that you get from
experience or education.
- Awakeness of something: the state of being aware of
something.
Lack – to not have (something) : to not have enough of (something)
Legal – of or relating to the law.
- Allowed by the law or by the rules in a game.
Ramification – something that is the result of an action, decision, etc.
Method – a way of doing something.
- A careful or organized plan that controls the way something
is done.
Moral – concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human
behavior.
- Based on what you think is right and good.

- Considered right and good by most people: agreeing with a
standard of right behavior.
Old-Fashioned – of relating to, or characteristic of a past era.
Opinion – a belief, judgment or way of thinking about something: what
someone thinks about a particular thing.
- Advice from someone with special knowledge: advice from an
expert.
Passive – used to describe someone who allows things to happen or who
accepts what other people do or decide without trying to change
anything.
Policies – a prudence or wisdom in the management of affairs.
- Management or procedure based primarily on material
interest.
Procrastinate – to be slow or late about doing something that should be
done: to delay doing something after a later time because you don’t want
to do it because you are lazy, etc .
Progressive – moving forward.
- Happening or developing gradually over a period of time.
- Using or interested in new or modern ideas especially in
politics and education.
Projector – a machine that projects a movie or picture onto a screen.

Prominent – important and well-known.
- Easily noticed or seen.
- Sticking out in a way that is easily seen or noticed.
Self-Confidence – confidence in oneself and in one’s power or abilities.
Socializing – to talk and to do things with other people in a friendly
way.
- To teach (someone) to behave in a way that is acceptable in
society.
Spoon-Feeding – to feed (someone) with a spoon.
- To give someone information in a way to requires or allows
no further thinking or effort.
Strategy – a careful plan or method for achieving a particular goal
usually over a long period of time.
- The skill of making or carrying out plans to achieve a goal.
Survey – to ask (many people) a questions or a series of questions in
order to gather information about what most people do or think about
something.
- To look at and examine all parts of something.
- To measure and examine ( an area of land )
Tactics - a system or mode of procedure.

- The art or skill of employing available means to accomplish
on end.
Teacher – a person that teaches someone.
- A person whose job is to teach students about certain
subjects.
Technology – the use of science in industry, engineering etc. to invent
useful things or to solve problem.
- A machine piece of equipment method, etc. that is created
by technology.
Threaten – to say that you will harm someone or do something
unpleasant or unwanted especially in order to make someone do what
you want.
- To be something that is likely to causes harm to (someone or
something): to be threat to ( someone or something )
Time Consuming – using or needing a large amount of time.
Time Table – a plan or things that need to be done in the time they will
be done.
- A list of the times when something (such as a bus, train, or
airplanes) is expected to leave or arrive.

Tradition or Traditional – a way of thinking or behaving or doing
something that has been used by the people in a particular group,
family, society, etc.
Values – the amount of money that something is worth.
- A price or cost of something
- Something that can be bought for a low or fair price
- Usefulness or importance
Visual – relating to seeing or to the eyes.

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HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK - UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI PAGE 1

technology devices and they find it hard to study in a manual strategy

they will be need.

improving. Education is important to every person. It helps to improve

learning. On this research we can see a big difference between ways of

and to listen to them.

The purpose of this research is first, to educate you about our

topic about the comparison of traditional and 21 st century teaching

strategies. Second is to identify which of the 2 strategies is best for

teaching. Third is to inform you the big differences of the 2 strategies.

Fourth is to show you the advantages and disadvantages of each

conclusion of our research.

The researchers agreed to conduct this study because they want

to inform and to contribute knowledge about the most effective way of

teaching between the traditional and 21st century teaching strategies

strategy must be applied. Most students learn depending on how

educators execute and deliver every topic needed to be discussed.

Parents are there to motivate and to give inspiration to their children to

do better in school. They should be the first to educate their children in

terms of education, values and discipline.

new learnings about the comparison of two teaching strategies, the

traditional and 21st century.

Background of the study

Education has been a priority in the Philippines for decades and

student’s behavior, mind, and personality by ways of dispensing them

other also. The traditional teaching, also known as conventional

Thomasites were the first 600 American teachers who travelled

from United States to their newly annexed territory, the Philippines.

This way of teaching was delivered through recitation and memorization

techniques. Teachers usually spent their time writing on the

blackboards being copied by the students which will then be followed by

participation of the students is less observed and practiced. Teachers

the 21st century way of doing things involves interactive and

collaborative learning methods between teacher and the students

suchlike social activities, oral recitation and group reports wherein

students will be competently competitive professionals in the real world.

Most teachers use technology and gadgets in teaching. They flash

presentations on-screen, videos, images and documents. They can

and/or mobile phones. Teachers can teach and save simultaneously on

save it in computer files that can't be done through traditional

blackboards. The continuous advancement of technology is also a great

impact especially on using gadgets as a tool for learning. Due to this,

viewing their presentations. People who experienced traditional way of

effective and advantageous to students that using digital devices as a

Both teaching strategies had their advantages and disadvantages

in terms of education, values and discipline, materials needed and also

Objectives of the Study

The researchers conducted this study in order to find out the

difference between the traditional and 21st century teaching strategies.

will be employed by the teachers. The researchers also want to come up

answers to the following objectives:

1. To compare the 2 strategies in terms of the ff.

1.1 Discipline & Values

1.3 Teaching Materials

2. To know the most effective learning strategy between traditional

and 21st century way of teaching.

3. To determine the effects of different strategies to the teachers and

4. To identify the advantages of traditional and 21 st century way of

5. To identify the disadvantages of traditional and 21 st century way

Statement of the Problem

study between traditional and 21st century strategies" and more

specifically it is an attempt to find answers to the following questions.

1. How do these 2 different strategies vary in terms of the ff: