East Anglia Construction

Safety Group
21 April 2011

Temporary Works
What’s Changed

Eur. Ing. Peter Pallett

 FÉDÉRATION EUROPÉENE D’ ASSOCIATIONS
NATIONALES D’ INGÊNIEURS

The EUR ING title delivered by FEANI is designed as a guarantee of

competence for professional engineers in Europe.

The EUR INGs are listed in the FEANI Register, a database maintained
by the Secretariat General in Brussels. Currently over 29,700
European Engineers are listed in the register (October 2007).

The European Commission, in a statement to the European

Parliament, has recognized the FEANI Register and the EUR ING title
as valuable tools for the recognition of national diplomas among
member states. " The FEANI scheme is an excellent example of self-
regulation by a profession at European level and it provides a model
for other professional groups in the technical and scientific sector.
The Commission considers that an engineer who has obtained the
title of Eur Ing should not normally be required to undertake an
adaptation period or sit an aptitude test. ( Directive 2005/36/EC .)"
 Content
1.
1. Introduction
Introduction
2.
2. Changes
Changes 20092009 -- 2011
2011
(a)
(a) Procedures
Procedures
(b)
(b) Falsework
Falsework
(c)
(c) Scaffolding
Scaffolding
3.
3. Changes
Changes in in 2011
2011
(a)
(a) Wind
Wind
(b)
(b) Formwork
Formwork
Part
Part One
One -- Introduction
Introduction

“Temporary Works”
Definition:

Works undertaken during construction

but not required to form part of the
finally completed construction works.

Includes the works to stabilise or

protect an existing building or structure
that are not intended to be permanent.
Cofferdams
Tower Crane Bases
Support to Cabins over River Thames
Temporary Façade Retention Structures

RMD-Kwikform
Scaffolding

Harsco Infrastructure
Upper Forth Crossing - 2008 27,000 ton 1.2 km
Steel wall formwork - Housing
 Hindhead Tunnel A3 November 2009

1 of 2 Leada-Acrow
Soffit Formwork and Falsework
Typical costs for a reinforced concrete frame

Item material labour % of

cost & plant total

Concrete 15 % 8% 23 %
Reinforcement 14 % 6% 20 %

Formwork and
falsework
9% 30 % 39 %
Sundries etc 12 % 6% 18 %

Totals 50 % 50 % 100%

Source: Formwork - a guide to good practice

Part
Part Two
Two -- Changes
Changes 2009
2009 -- 2011
2011

(a)
(a) Reminder
Reminder of
of The Law
and
and

TW Procedures
 CDM 2007
Approved Code of
Practice and the
CDM Regs 2007

Document L144
March 2007
124 pages

£15
Source: http://books.hse.gov.uk
Tel: 01787 881 165
1 of 4
 Construction (Design and Management) Regs 2007
Approved Code of Practice (ACOP)

104 : The design of temporary works, such as

falsework, formwork and scaffolding, falls within
the scope of the CDM 2007 Regs..

CDM co-ordinators have to take reasonable steps

to ensure co-operation between permanent and
temporary works designers, in particular to
ensure that arrangements are in place to ensure
that designs are compatible and that the
permanent works can support any loadings from
temporary works.

2 of 4
 CDM Regs 2007
Industry Guidance
for Designers

Published May 2007

(50 pages)

(Available as free *.pdf

from Construction Skills )
3 of 4
 Guidance for Designers (CDM07/4)
2.6.8 Designers need to consider how the structure
can be constructed, cleaned, maintained and
decommissioned. This may involve:

checking that the overall design takes

full account of any temporary works needed,
no matter who is to develop those works.

checking that consideration has been given to the

availability of sufficient space
and adequate ground support for large plant
required to construct or maintain the structure.

4 of 4
 BS 5975 : 2008

Code of practice for

temporary works
procedures
and
the permissible stress
t
design ofenfalsework
m m d
o 1 1
C First 0published W i n
b l ic 1 :2 5.11982
P u +A 17 .
o r 8
0 Permissible
d
t f :2 0 a n Stress
raf 9 75 es
D S5 du r
B o c e
P r £270
n 2
ctio
1 of 10
Se Chairman: Frank Marples
 Typical Register used as Active Site Document

2 of 10
Appointment of Temporary Works Co-ordinator

7.3.1 The appointment of a temporary works

co-ordinator (TWC) should be the first operation
in a chain of events culminating in the
construction of a Temporary Works scheme.
The TWC should be appointed by the designated
individual of the main or principal contractor.

NOTE: In large organisations the TWC may be

7.1.2 It isbyessential
proposed for the
a Contracts TWC /to
Director be competent
manager or similar
but theand have relevant
designated up-to-date
individual shouldtraining and both
be satisfied that
qualifications
the proposed and the
TWC has the abilities
experience appropriate
outlined in 7.1.2
beforetoconfirming
the complexity of theofproject.
acceptance the proposal.

3 of 10 Source BS 5975:2008+A1:2011
 BS 5975:2008 Clause 7.2.5
Activities of the Temporary Works Coordinator

c) ensure that a design brief is prepared with full

consultation, is adequate, and is in accord with the
actual situation on site;
d) ensure that any residual risks, (assumed construction
methods or loading constraints) are included;
e) ensure a satisfactory temporary works design is carried out;
f) ensure that a design check is carried out by someone not
involved in original design - for concept, structural
adequacy and brief compliance;
n) after a final check, which is satisfactory, ensure a permit to
load is issued by either the TWC or TWS;
o) when it has been confirmed that the permanent structure
has attained adequate strength, ensure a permit to
dismantle is issued by either the TWC or TWS;
4 of 10 ( Source BS 5975:2008+A1:2011 )
 Typical letter
of appointment
of a TWC

On larger sites the

appointment of a
Temporary Works
Supervisor is also
recommended

5 of 10
 Appointment of Temporary Works Supervisor
7.3.1 On larger sites or where site manager or
project manager considers it necessary, or
where there are one or more subcontractors
carrying out temporary works operations, or
where the TWC requests assistance, one or
more TWS’s may be appointed.

The TWS should be appointed by the designated

individual of the organisation for whose work
the TWS is responsible.

6 of 10 Source BS 5975:2008+A1:2011
 Appointment of Temporary Works Supervisor

6.4.5 Contractors carrying out a number of small

contracts may appoint a TWC with overall
responsibility and a TWS, with an appropriate
level of authority for each individual site.

7.3.2 It is essential for the TWSs to be competent

and to have relevant up-to-date training and
both qualifications and the experience
appropriate to the operations for which they
are responsible.

7 of 10 Source BS 5975:2008+A1:2011
 BS 5975:2008 Design Check Categories
Category Scope Independence

Site issue - by another

O Restricted to
standard solutions
member of site team
or design team
Simple design
1 ( falsework top restraint by another member
of design team
is NOT assumed )

More complex design. by individual not

2 excavations, structural
steelwork, foundations,
involved in design
and not consulted by
top restrained etc. the TW designer
Complex or by another
3 innovative design organisation 8 of 10
Typical
Permit
to
Load

9 of 10
10 of 10
Part
Part Two
Two -- Changes
Changes 2009
2009 –– 2011
2011

(b)
(b) Falsework

Any temporary structure used to

support a permanent structure while
it is not self-supporting.
 RMD-
Kwikform
Support of Twin wall and Precast soffit
BS EN 12812: 2008
Falsework
Published
January 2011

Limit State Design

£170
Chairman: Frank Marples

1 of 4
BS EN 12812: 2008 Design classes for falsework

Class A Dimensional limitations and generally

restricts application to building work.
Structural performance is derived from
pre-existing knowledge of the
performance of the components of the
structure, such as props etc..
Such information is often included in
standard solutions.
Source NA.4

Class B Falsework where a complete design is

undertaken. There are two sub-classes.

2 of 4
 Design classes for falsework

Class A Class B1 Class B2

Slab area < 0.3 m² Simplified design

(ie 300mm) in BS EN 12812
and/or in
Beams < 0.5 m²
Design in accordance with
accordance relevant
Clear span < 6.0 m EuroCodes
with relevant
EuroCodes
Height < 3.5 m Most falsework
(measured to underside in this class
of permanent works)
But there is a
γm x 1.15

3 of 4
 BS 5975 : 2008

Code of practice for

temporary works
procedures and the
permissible stress
design of falsework

First published 1982

Permissible Stress

£270

Chairman: Frank Marples

4 of 4
BS 5975:2008
New
New Loadings
Loadings
on
on Falsework
Falsework
Construction Operations - Working Area Load

Allow for a Service Class 1 load of only 0.75 kN/m²

over the entire area, including access and working areas.

i.e. only 30mm extra concrete !

BS 5975 - The British Standard Heap - Cl 17.4.3.1 1 of 3

 Working Area Load

Working area
Service Class 1
load 0.75 kN/m²

BS 5975 Clause 17.4.3.1 2 of 3

 Additional Transient In-situ Concrete Load

In-situ concrete loading Total load equal

0.75 kN/m² to 1.75 kN/m² 3m 3m
to 10% concrete load

Working area
Service Class 1
load 0.75 kN/m²

2 of 3
BS 5975 Clause 17.4.3.1
 In-situ Concrete Construction Operations Loads
Summary
Thickness calcs Total

Up to 300mm 0.75 + 0.75 1.50 kN/m2

10% of weight
300 to 700mm 0.75 + 10% t 0.75 + of concrete

Over 700mm 0.75 + 1.75 2.50 kN/m2

Slab thickness t

3 of 3
1 of 1
Permanent formwork
minimum
construction
load of 1.50 kN/m2
 Working Areas - Access for striking

Wherever falsework requires removal of individual

pieces, for example striking primary or secondary
bearers, consideration should be given to a working
platform about two metres below the underside of
the permanent works.

Where the formwork and falsework is handled in

large areas, provision for access to make-up areas
should be considered.

( Use Service Class 1 load - 0.75 kN/m2 )

1 of 2 BS 5975 Clause 19.1.1

 Consider access underneath for striking

2 of 2
Tall frame structure
 BS 5975:2008
The
The Four
Four Design
Design
Checks
Checks for
for Falsework
Falsework
 Falsework Analysis
It is recommended that for each falsework
structure FOUR design checks be carried out:

Check ONE - on the STRUCTURAL STRENGTH

of the individual members and their
connections to transmit the applied
loads / forces;
Check TWO - on the LATERAL STABILITY
of both individual members and the
structure as a whole;
Check THREE - on the OVERALL STABILITY
of the falsework structure;
Check FOUR - on POSITIONAL STABILITY to
ensure the falsework does not slide.

Source: BS 5975 Clause 19.4.1.1

 THINK VERTICAL
THINK HORIZONTAL
and then,

THINK HORIZONTAL
AGAIN
and again,
and again,
and again.
 BS
BS 5975:2008
5975:2008

Check
Check One
One
Structural Strength
 BS EN 1065

Adjustable telescopic
steel props

Published November 1999

Committee: CEN

£150.00

1 of 6
 Class Max. Extension Characteristic strength
A 25 2.50 m 20.40 kN
A 30 3.00 m 17.00 kN BS EN 1065
A 35 3.50 m 14.60 kN
A 40 4.00 m 12.80 kN
B 25 2.50 m 27.20 kN
B 30 3.00 m 22.70 kN
B 35 3.50 m 19.40 kN
B 40 4.00 m 17.00 kN
B 45 4.50 m 15.10 kN
B 50 5.00 m 13.60 kN
B 55 5.50 m 12.40 kN
C 25 2.50 m 40.80 kN
C 30 3.00 m 34.00 kN Props to have
C 35 3.50 m 29.10 kN minimum of
C 40 4.00 m 25.50 kN 1.0m adjustment,
C 45 4.50 m 22.70 kN and not to be
C 50 5.00 m 20.40 kN intentionally
C 55 5.50 m 18.60 kN dis-engaged
D 25 to D55 2.50m to 5.50m 34.00 kN
2 of 6
E 25 to E55 2.50m to 5.50m 51.00 kN
Characteristic strength
is the value at which
95% of those tested
will fail above value

(ie
ie 5%
5% will
will fail
fail below value)
below value

3 of 6
 Stellenbosch - South Africa - 2009

Removed TWO internal walls

200mm thick x 14m slab

4 of 6
 Supplier claim 29.80kN characteristic load

Thin walled props

5 of 6 3.2m (too short)
 BS5975:2008 Safe Working Load - BS EN 1065 props
erected 1o out-of-plumb with 10mm eccentricity of load

6 of 6
 BS
BS 5975:2008
5975:2008

Check
Check Two
Two
Lateral Stability
 BS 5975 : Horizontal Disturbing Force Clause 19.2.9.1

At each phase of construction falsework should resist the applied

vertical loads PLUS a horizontal disturbing force the greater of

2½% W
EITHER

OR the summation of

wind force, erection tolerance ( 1% W) , concrete pressure force,

water and wave forces, dynamic and impact forces, forces from
the permanent works (e.g. stressing etc.) etc..
1 Of 2
 Falsework’s horizontal disturbing force F H

Design for
Load W minimum lateral
stability load of
2½% W

or

known lateral
loads
PLUS 1%W

2 of 2 (BS 5975 : Clause 19.2.9.1 )

Load Case 1 - Erected but not concreted

Lateral Forces :-

Maximum wind load

plus

1% known vertical loads

(BS 5975 and Class B1)
Increases to at least
2% of known vertical
loads if Class B2
Load Case 2 - While placing the permanent
work / concrete

Lateral Forces :-

Working wind load

plus

1% known vertical loads

including full concrete load
(BS 5975 and Class B1)
Increases to 2% known
vertical loads if Class B2
NOTE: If the structure is not connected to a permanent structure
then the full wind load might need to be considered
- consult with the Temporary Works Designer (TWD )
UK BS 5975 load Case - Minimum stability

Horizontal disturbing
force FH will be
a minimum of

2½ % total vertical load

including
self weight, concrete, and
full construction
operations load
Top Restrained Load Case - connected to
Permanent Works
Restraining force RH
will be a minimum of:-

2½ % (vertical loads)
(BS 5975 and Class A)
or
2 % (self weight)
plus maximum wind
(Class B2)
or
NOTE: Although bracing is not shown, the
2 % (vertical loads) structural strength still needs checking
plus working wind (Cat. 2) and bracing may be required
(Class B1 and B2) to create effective nodes.
 Conditions of
use stated by
supplier require
top restraint
1 of 3
2 of 3
North Staffs PFI SGB GASS braced for 2½ % W

3 of 3
Top restrained falsework Or is it ?
Lateral Stability of steel beams - Web stiffeners

For structural steelwork at points of reaction or

concentrated load, web stiffeners should be
provided at ALL loading transfer points including
supports, UNLESS calculations are provided to
show that such stiffeners are not required.

Web stiffeners
No Calculations
(BS 5975 : Annex J Clause J.1)
 BS
BS 5975:2008
5975:2008

Back propping
flat slabs
Formwork

Falsework

Backpropping

European Concrete Building Project (ECBP) - 4th floor

1 of 1
 Method One - One level of backpropping
Distribution
Distribution of
of Applied
This isLoads
Applied 70% of
Load
using
using Elastic Props
the Props
Rigid applied load
SLAB
and is in addition
PROP
SLAB PROP
to the existing
NEW Slab to be cast 100% load on the slab
100%
100%
100%
Falsework load (wp )

Supporting slab (1) 50% - Pp

70%
Backprops (wb1 ) 30% + Pp
50%
Lower slab (2) 30% + Pp
50%

With preloaded props

to value Pp BS 5975 Cl 19.3.4 Table 20
 Method One - Two levels of backpropping
Distribution of
Distribution of
ThisApplied Loads
is 65%
Applied of
Loads
using Elastic
Rigid Props load
Props
the applied
SLAB
and PROP
is in addition
to the existing
NEW Slab to be cast 100%load on the slab
Falsework load (wp ) 100%
100%

Supporting slab (1) 33% - Pp

65%
Upper Backprops (wb1 ) 67% + Pp
35%
Lower slab (2) 33%
23%
Lower Backprops (wb2 ) 33% + Pp
12%
Lower slab (3) 33%
12% + Pp
With preloaded props to value Pp BS 5975 Cl 19.3.4
Table 20
 Part
Part Two
Two -- Changes
Changes since
since 2009
2009

(c)
(c) Scaffolding

Temporary construction, which is

required to provide a safe place of work
for the erection, maintenance, repair or
demolition of buildings and other
structures and for the necessary access
Harsco Infrastructure
BS EN 12811-1 : 2003

Part 1: Scaffolds -
Performance
requirements and
general design

Published June 2004

£182.00

Chairman: CEN TC 53

“States BS 5973 withdrawn”

 BS EN 12811-1
Introduces:-

TWO Load Combinations :

In Service Condition

One platform with full

imposed service load
and
the next above or below
with 50% of service load
Plus in absence of wind a lateral
force of 0.3 kN / bay / working area

Out of Service Condition

Full wind load (BS EN 1991-1-4)
and imposed Service Load
limited to only 25% or 50%
 TG20:08 Volume 1 NASC Guide for
Scaffolding with
tubes and fittings
November 2008
120 pages

Authors: Dr M.H.R. Godley

Eur Ing P.F. Pallett

Based on BS 5973 and updated

to BS EN 12811-1 with simplified
BS 6399 wind information

Information for erection and use

of standard scaffolds and
includes FOUR summary tables
of safe heights for scaffolds

1 of 4 Source : NASC £135 + p&p Vol 1 & 2

 TG20:08 Volume 2 November 2008
128 pages

TECHNICAL DATA

Information on weights and

properties, additional wind info.,
worked examples, and method
for height of unclad scaffolds.

Safe Height tables for :-

3 tables fully loaded inside boards

3 tables part ledger braced scaffolds

Fuller calculation method heights:

24 tables fully ledger braced
12 tables part ledger braced (alt. ties)

£135 + p&p Vol 1 & 2

2 of 4
 TG20:08 Supplement 1
February 2011
16 pages

Takes account of the Wind Code

BS EN 1991-1- 4:2005 + A1:2010
using a simplified method to
update the SAFE HEIGHT tables
for Basic Scaffolds

Incorporates Apprendix H for

use of ties on UNCLAD scaffolds
erected to open structures.

Source : NASC
3 of 4
 TG20:08 Overview
TOOLBOX TALK

Published by National Access

and Scaffolding Confederation
in July 2009

Plus a FREE Powerpoint

toolbox presentation from
www.nasc.org.uk

£2.50
Handy Pocket Sized booklet
Available from NASC
4 of 4
 SG4 : 10
Preventing Falls in
Scaffolding

Published by National Access

and Scaffolding Confederation
with Foreword by HSE
in December 2010

£25
60 pages
Available from NASC
1 of 5
No longer permitted to traverse along a SG4 : 10
platform (known as tunnelling method)
Create “scaffolders safe zones”

For scaffolds with 2m lifts use of Step-ups

Figure 39 2 of 5
 Erection hop-up
for next guardrail

Quick release
connection

3 of 5
 SG4 : 10
Introduces use of
‘Scaffolders Safe Zone’

Reaching below
guardrail “clip-on”
Figure 9
Figure 12
4 of 5
 SG4:You User Guide

Preventing Falls in Scaffolding

Published by National Access

and Scaffolding Confederation
with Foreword by HSE

( 84pp January 2011)

£5
Handy Pocket Sized booklet

Available from NASC

5 of 5
 Designation of Scaffolds
to TG20:08

EXAMPLE

3–5-1 S
F

Load Class 3
(General Purpose)
Number of boards Inside boards
Specialboards
Inside case
between standards assumed lightly
with loaded
fully 1.8m
loaded
bay
I.e. Loadlength
Class
Number of inside
TG20 Cl 4.2 page 19
boards ( 0, 1 or 2)
BASIC Scaffolds to TG20 Guide to T&F Scaffolds

Part Boarded Fully Boarded

2 m lifts with possible
2.7m pavement lifts
Tied to the building façade:
either at alternate lifts 4m
or at every lift
Ledger bracing at alternate bays

Façade bracing fitted every

SIX bays but note:

Plan bracing needed every FOUR

lifts, and every twelve bays
if façade braced across single bay
 The controlling Table 1

Load Desigtion Activity Load M ax Max

Class kN/m² Bay Boards

1 1-3-0 Inspection, v. light duty 0.75 2.7m 3

2 2-4-0 Light duty 1.50 2.4m 4

3 3-5-0 General purpose 2.00 2.1m 5

3-4-1 4+1
3-4-2 4+2
3-5-1 ( inside boards are 0.75 ) 5+1
3-5-2 5+2

4 4-5-0 Heavy Duty 3.00 1.8m 5

4-4-1 4+1
4-4-2 4+2
4-5-1 ( inside boards are 0.75 ) 5+1
4-5-2 5+2
Source TG20:08 Vol. 1 Table 1 page 21
Typical independent tied scaffold

TG20 Figure 1 page 18

Ledger bracing
Ties Façade
shown bracing
at alternate
lifts bays
every
alternate
SIX bays - to top platform

Plan bracing
NOT required
Tie assembly
1 of 2
Plan Façade
bracingbracing
REQUIRED
every between
ties
SIXas façade
bays brace
- to top is NOT
platform
between ledger braced frames

H > 8m every FOUR lifts

and every twelve bays
Tie assembly
2 of 2
ALL sheeted & debris netted - unclad over 15m
One transom at every lift within
300mm of ledger braced standards
fitted with right angle or
swivel fittings

Ledger
bracing

Tie assembly

1 of 1 TG20 Cl. 10.2 (page 51)

Part
Part Three
Three :: Changes
Changes in
in 2011
2011

(a)
(a) Wind
Wind
(b)
(b) Formwork
Formwork
Part
Part Three
Three :: Changes
Changes in
in 2011
2011

(a)
(a) Temporary
Temporary Works
Works Wind
Wind
 Status of Wind Codes in the UK
BS 6399-2: 1997 Loading for buildings, Part 2: Code of
practice for wind loads, was published in July 1997
TG20 (scaffolding) first published in 2005 a
simplified method based on BS 6399-2
Supplement No. 1 uses BS EN 1991-1-4+A1
The European Code BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010
was amended in March 2011 (£246)
The UK National Application Document (£170)
was also amended in March 2011
The Background Information PD 6688 (£182)
to the Annex was published in December 2009

ALL British Standards superseded by European

Standards were withdrawn on 31st March 2010
 Wind in Temporary Works
Aim: same procedure in all temporary works
Falsework - BS 5975:2008 +A1:2011 to introduce
revised simplified method based on
the UK NA to BS EN 1991-1-4 +A1
Scaffolding - TG20 Supplement No. 1 now issued

Formwork - Revision will include the same method

extended to suit climbing formwork.
Duration of work (assume less than two years)

Simplified method will use similar factors

and town descriptions as existing for
structures less than 50m with “orography”
and less than 100m without “orography”.
 Information needed by designer
Location of the site
How far from the nearest sea?
less than 0.1km, 2 km, 10 km or 100 km
Is it in a town that extends more than 2 km from
the site in all directions?
Is the topography fairly flat around the site, or is it
near the top of the hill, or part-way up ?

What is the altitude of site? (in metres above sea level)

Duration of work (normally less than two years)

Is the falsework or the scaffold to be unclad,

debris netted or sheeted?
 Maximum wind pressure on falsework and formwork

qp = 0.7 × 0.613 × ce(z)ce, T × S wind

2

Where

qp is the peak wind pressure N/m²

Ce(z)ce,T is combined exposure correction factor

Swind is the wind factor for the site

Formula is for falsework erected less than TWO years

Source BS 5975:2008 +A1:2011 (Cl 17.5.1.3) and BS EN 12812 (Cl 8.2.4.1)
 The wind factor Swind

⎛ A ⎞
Swind = v b,map × Twind × ⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ 1000 ⎠
Where
vb,map is the fundamental wind velocity (in m/s)

Twind is the topography factor allowing for

whether site is on a hill, cliff or on the flat.

A is the altitude of the site in metres

above sea level.

1 of 8
Mean hourly wind speeds 10 minute mean wind speeds
vb,map

BS 5975:2008 Figure 4 NA to BS EN 1991-1-4

2 of 8
 Twind = Topographical factor depends
on whether the terrain around
the site is flat, moderately
steep (1 : 5 ) or very steep (1 : 3 )

Structures without “orography” Twind = 1.00 (z < 100m)

3 of 8 BS 5975 Figure 5 (a)

Topography Factor Twind

Skip wind
 SEA

Definition of ‘sea’ from BS 6399

BS 5975:2008 Figure 7
4 of 8
 TOWN

Built up areas

BS 5975:2008 Figure 6 (a)

5 of 8
 “TOWN” Woodland areas

BS 5975:2008 Figure 6 (c)

6 of 8
 COUNTRY
You’ll like
this one !

Country is all terrain which is not sea or town !

Less than 2km of built-up area around the site.

7 of 8
 COUNTRY

Built up areas
BS 5975:2008 Figure 6 (b)
8 of 8
Part
Part Three
Three :: Changes
Changes in
in 2011
2011
(b)
(b) Formwork
Formwork

A structure, usually temporary, but in

some cases wholly or partly permanent
used to contain poured concrete to mould
it to the required dimensions and support
it until it is able to support itself.

It consists primarily of the face contact

material and the bearers that directly
support the face contact material.
 Published by
The Concrete Society

Second Edition: June 1995

s e d
v i
Re 2011
due
Chairman: Peter Pallett

Skip to TWf
More emphasis on proprietary panel formwork
More guidance on Soffit Formwork systems
 New Sections on Climbing Formwork

Peri
 Update on Permanent Formwork - e.g. Twin wall

1 of 2
2 of 2
Significant updates
to sections on:-

Surface finishes
and tolerances
to
BS EN 13670
“Execution of
concrete structures”

Striking and
Curing
 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004: Eurocode 2: Design of concrete
structures. General rules and rules for buildings
does not cover surface finishes (replaces BS 8110)

BS EN 13670: 2010 Execution of concrete structures.

Includes informative guidance (£186 Feb 2010)

Annex F Table F.4 Types of surface finish

Basic Finish Where no particular requirement needed

Ordinary Finish Where not of visual importance.
e.g. unseen areas such as lift shafts

Plain Finish Visual effect of some importance

e.g. Seen occasionally, direct painted etc.
Special Finish Where special requirements needed.
e.g. Where surface irregularity and colour are
important.
Concrete Pressure envelope when placed from top

Pmax

Concrete
stiffening

0 Pmax Max Dh
 Design formwork pressures for a range of new
cements and self-compacting concretes
DTI Contract
Ref: 39/3/739 CCC2399

September 2004 133 pages

Quote:
“ The findings indicate that the
use of CIRIA R108 was
conservative for the range of
new concrete types for walls
and columns.
There appears to be no case
for change from the existing UK
approach to concrete pressure
determination.”
NOTE: The report is confidential and NOT available to the public.
See article in “CONCRETE” March 2009
 Concrete Groups and the values of C2
Group Concrete C2

1. Without admixture - CEM I (OPC) , SRPC, 0.3

A CEM II A with metakaolin or with silica fume

basic 2. With any admixture except with retarding property 0.3

CEM I , SRPC, CEM II A with metakaolin / silica fume

3. With admixtures that retard - CEM I (OPC), SRPC, 0.45

CEM I I A with metakaolin or with silica fume

4. Without admixture - CEM II A, CEM II B, CEM III A 0.45

B 5. With any admixture except with retarding property 0.45
retarded
CEM II A, CEM II B, CEM III A

Self-compacting - With any admixture except with 0.45

retarding properties.
1 of 2 ALL cements except CEM III B & CEM IVB
 Concrete Groups and the values of C2
Group Concrete C2

6. With admixtures that retard 0.6

CEM II A, CEM II B and CEM III A

7. With or without admixtures 0.6

CEM III B and CEM IVB
C Self-compacting - With retarding properties 0.6
heavily
retarded
ALL cements

Self-compacting - With any admixture except with 0.6

retarding properties.
CEM III B & CEM IVB

2 of 2 Source: CIRIA R108 and March 2009 “CONCRETE”

 Table AA Rate of Rise R in metres per hour
H
WALLS 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 10.0
& BASES 2m 40 45 50 50 50 50 50
Pmax (kN/m²) 3m 50 55 60 65 70 75 75
5 °C 4m 55 60 65 70 75 85 100
5m 65 65 70 75 80 95 110
Basic Concrete 6m 70 75 80 80 90 100 115
Group A 2m 35 40 45 45 50 50 50
80 − 55
3m 40 45 50 55 60 70 75
= 45% increase
(1) CEM I
(OPC) 10°C 4m 45 50 55 60 65 75 90
or 5m
6m
5545
50
55
55
60
60
60
65
70
75
80
85
100
105
(2) CEM I with
admixture 2m 30 35 40 45 50 50 50
3m 30 40 45 50 55 65 75
15°C 4m 35 45 50 50 60 70 90
5m 40 45 50 55 60 70 90
6m 40 45 50 55 65 75 95

4m 30 35 45 45 50 65 85
20°C 5m 35 40 45 50 60 70 90
PFP/002E page 8 6m 35 40 45 50 60 70 90
 Table BB Rate of Rise R in metres per hour
H
WALLS 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 10.0
& BASES 2m 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Pmax (kN/m²) 3m 65 70 75 75 75 75 75
5°C 4m 75 80 85 90 95 100 100
Retarded Concrete 5m 85 90 95 95 105 110 125
Group B 6m 95 100 100 105 110 120 135
(3) CEM I with 2m 40 45 50 50 50 50 50
retarder 3m 50 55 60 65 65 75 75
(4) Blend with 10°C 4m 55 60 65 70 75 85 100
<35% pfa 5m 60 70 70 75 80 90 100
or <65%ggbs 6m 65 75 75 80 85 95 115
(5) Blend <35% pfa 2m 35 40 45 45 50 50 50
<65% ggbs with 3m 40 45 50 55 60 70 75
admixture 15°C 4m 45 50 55 60 65 75 90
5m 50 55 60 65 70 80 100
6m 50 60 65 65 75 85 105
4m 40 45 50 55 60 70 90
20°C 5m 40 45 50 55 65 75 95
6m 45 50 55 60 70 80 100
PFP/002E page 9
 Sustainable Forests
Where timber is used in formwork, it is recommended
that only material which is certified under the Forest
Stewardship Council scheme should be used.

This ensures that timber is sourced from FSC

certified forests which are managed sustainably.

There is a “Chain of
Custody” which tracks
the timber from
forest to consumer.

Source www.fsc.org
 Safe Working Properties - Timber in Wall formwork

Source: Third Edition Formwork Guide ( PFP/009A page 4 of 18 )

Formwork to precast edge forms
Safe Working Properties - WALL Formwork

Source: New Table 10 Formwork Guide (Third Edition)

and
and finally
finally

TWf
 Temporary Works forum
Promoting Temporary Works in the Construction Industry

by : Institution of Civil Engineers

Institution of Structural Engineers
Health and Safety Executive
Standing Committee on Structural Safety
Chartered Institute of Building
TW Equipment Suppliers
Consulting Engineers
Contractors
Remit: Authoritative guidance, profesional leadership,
interfaces PW & TW, current trends, warnings
on unacceptable risks, recommend research
areas, watching brief on overseas issues
www.twforum.org.uk
Thank You
The End