Jason L.

Cabrigas
BAT -4

Parts of a plant and its functions

1. Roots -Roots keep a plant in the ground. They also

take in water and nutrients from the soil.
2. Leaves- Leaves absorb sunlight, and make food for
the plant by photosynthesis. The waste product of
 photosynthesis, oxygen, escapes through tiny holes
in the leaves.
3. Stem-The stem supports the leaves and flowers. It
also transports water and nutrients between the
roots and the leaves.
4. Flowers- are known as the reproductive products
of plants. They are mostly responsible for producing
fruits. The process is like this- the ovules present in
the flowers get fertilized and produces fruit. They
also contain pollen which helps in the pollination of
the flower. After the combined process of
fertilization and pollination, the ovules get
transformed into a fruit.
5. Fruits- are the products of reproduction in plants.
The most essential component from which
reproduction starts, that is the seed, is present in
the fruit. Therefore, they act as a protective layer for
seeds.
6. Seeds -are the main agents for reproduction. They
can be found most commonly in fruits from where
they germinate and develop into new plants.
 Parts of a tree and its functions

1) Roots
Roots are the underground part of a tree. The
primary root or taproots grow horizontally downwards,
with lateral roots arising from the taproot. Each root is
surrounded by many, tiny root hairs that increase their
area of absorption.
Functions
 Anchoring the tree to the soil
 Absorbing water and minerals from the soil
 Storing of reserve food
 Preventing soil erosion
2) Crown
They are the topmost portion of a tree that may vary
widely based on their shapes and sizes. The crown is
made up of the following parts:
i) Leaves: Usually the green part of a plant that remains
attached to the crown. Leaves are also known as the
factories of a tree. A collection of green leaves is called
foliage.
ii) Branches: The first thick branches of a tree arising from
the central wooden axis are called boughs while the
smallest terminal branches of a tree are known as twigs.
iii) Flowers: The most colorful and attractive part of the
plant that remains attached to the terminal branches. It
later develops into a fruit. 
iv) Fruit: The edible part of the plant that develops from
the flowers. It contains the seed that gives rise to a new
plant.
Functions
 Leaves produce food for the plant
 Leaves help to filter dust and other particles present
in the air, thus keep the air clean
  Leaves keep the plant cool through the loss of water
by evaporation
 Twigs help to give rise to new plants
 Boughs and branches store food materials in the form
of sugar that are required by the plant for their growth
and metabolism
3) Trunk or Bole
The trunk is the central wooden axis of the crown that is
typically brownish. They contain a network of small tubes
that runs between the roots and the leaves, thus acting as
the plumbing system in the plant. A typical tree trunk
shows six parts:
Parts of a Tree Trunk
i) Outer bark: The outermost layer of the trunk, branches,
and twigs of the tree. The bark of some plants has a
characteristic odor and scent.
ii) Cambium: The thin layer of living tissues consisting of
growing cells that are present just inside the bark. Every
season they add a new layer to its trunk, thus producing a
visible annual growth ring in most trees.
iii) Sapwood or xylem: The youngest layers of wood that
are made up of a network of living cells. Over the years,
the inner layers of sapwood die.
iv) Heartwood: The older and dead xylem cells found
close to the center of the trunk and thus are usually darker
than xylem. They are filled with stored sugar, oils, and
dyes.
v) Pith: The tiny dark spot present at the center of the tree
trunk that is highly protected from damage by wind,
insects, and animals.
vi) Inner bark or phloem: The pipeline located between
the outer bark and the cambium of the tree trunk.
Functions
 Bark protects the delicate inside wood of the tree
 Cambium helps in making new cells thus allowing the
tree to grow in diameter
 Outer bark and sapwood helps in supporting the
crown and providing the tree its shape
 Pith and sapwood conducts water and minerals from
the roots to the leaves
 Inner bark transports the foods prepared by the
leaves to all parts of a plant
 Outer bark and cambium provides mechanical
strength to the plant