3-Surveys and Validation

10/1/2010
Sites Surveys and Validation
www.legend-technologies.org
• Sites Surveys and Validation
– The cell planning process results in a cell plan with nominal site positions.
– If the operator has access to existing locations (ex: deal with TE, Police,..etc) then it is
necessary to adapt the cell plan according to these locations.
– The proposed network design shows only approximate site locations but the exact site
position depends on the possibilities of constructing a site on the suggested location.
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– Non technical issues may contribute in preferring one location than the other provided
that, both of them verify the radio requirements:
• Obtaining
Obt i i th the permits
it ffrom th
the diff
differentt authorities
th iti liklike civil
i il aviation
i ti andd military
ilit
authorities.
• Lease contract should be agreed upon with the owner of the site.
• Access roads: the site must be accessible for material transport and installation.
• Space requirements for the shelter and passes for the feeders.
• Space to construct the antenna supports.
• AC power Source.

– NTRA (National Telecom Regulatory Authority) Protocol in Egypt:
¾ Building height from 15m to 50 m

¾ No more than 1 antenna on the same pole (6m), and if needed a stub tower
shall be used.
¾ No more than 3 antennas to be mounted on the same height.
¾ Vertical Distance between antennas on the same tower is 4 m.
¾ Horizontal Distance between two stub towers on the same roof is 12m.
¾ Tower height to be higher than the surrounding buildings in a circle of radius
at least 10 m.
m
¾ Horizontal distance to the nearest school (nursery, primary, preparatory) is at
least 20m
¾ Power density doesn’t exceed 0.4 mwatt/cm2
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– Equipments used during the survey and validation phase:
GPS: used to locate certain point on the map using the latitude (N) and longitude (E)

Compass & Binuclear: used to determine the azimuths and direction with respect to
the north direction.
direction
Compass Binuclear
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Range Finder (Laser meter): used to determine the heights and distances.
– Technical RF requirements based on which we select the best candidate:
• Distance from the nominal.

• Strategic location to fulfill coverage objects.
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– Technical requirements based on which we select the best candidate

• Distance from the nominal:
¾ The initial study of a cell system often results in a theoretical cell pattern with nominal
positions for the site locations.
¾ The existing buildings must then be adapted in such a way that the real positions are
established and replace the nominal positions.
¾ For each nominal point the RF planner will choose a search area such that the nominal
shouldn’t be moved out of it.
Search Area, ex: 50m
Nominal Cell Location
– Technical RF requirements based on which we select the best candidate

• Strategic location to fulfill coverage objects:
¾ Clear of present and upcoming obstructions.
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¾ The proper designed height can be achieved with the used tower structure.
¾ Typically the common structures are Poles: 6/7.5/9m poles, Stub towers: 9/12/15/18/21m
Green Field Towers: 30/40/50/60 m
¾ If the required antenna’s height as per the design is 35m and the building’s height is 25m
then the proper structure is 12m stub tower
12 m
25 m

¾ The proper tilting as per the design and simulation can be implemented, without
shadowing on the roof.
β= tilt angle
D=Cell Range
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¾ Ex: If H=35m and we need theoretical Cell range=500 m what will be the proper tilting?
¾ Tilt angle β = 90 – α = 90 – ( tan-1 (D/H)) = 90 – ( tan-1 (500/35)) = 90 – 86 = 4 degrees,
then the proper tilting = 4 degrees
β= tilt angle
D=Cell Range

¾ It is better to install the antennas on the edges of the roof.
¾ When the antenna is placed at the mid of the roof then we have to calculate the
minimum height of the antenna inorder to not have any shadowing on the roof edge.
β= tilt angle
σ Half the vertical beam

width
h V/2
H
d
D=Cell Range
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¾ If the distance to the roof d = 50m and we’re going to apply down tilt = 4 degrees, then
we want to calculate the minimum tower height to not have shadowing on the roof.f
¾ σ=90 - (β +V/2) = 90 – (4+3.5) = 90 - 7.5 = 82.5 degrees
¾ Tan σ = ( d/h), then Tan (82.5) = (50/h) = 7.5
then h = 50/7.5 ≈ 7meters (min. tower height to not have shadowing with 4 deg downtilt)
β= tilt angle
σ Half the vertical beam

width
h V/2
H
d
D=Cell Range

– Some Planning Tips
• The First Fresnel zone: The area around the visual line-of-sight that radio
waves spread out into after they leave the antenna. This area must be clear or
else
l signal
i l strength
t th will
ill weaken.
k
• Double Structure sites.
• Roads coverage.
• Obstacles like metallic Bill Boards.
• Terrain difference.
• Sites near water.
• Tunnels coverage.
coverage
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Thank You

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10/1/2010

Sites Surveys and Validation

• Sites Surveys and Validation

• Sites Surveys and Validation

• Sites Surveys and Validation

¾ Building height from 15m to 50 m

• Sites Surveys and Validation

• Sites Surveys and Validation

• Sites Surveys and Validation

• Sites Surveys and Validation

– Technical RF requirements based on which we select the best candidate:

• Distance from the nominal.

• Sites Surveys and Validation

– Technical requirements based on which we select the best candidate

Search Area, ex: 50m

Nominal Cell Location

• Sites Surveys and Validation

– Technical RF requirements based on which we select the best candidate

• Sites Surveys and Validation

– Technical RF requirements based on which we select the best candidate

• Sites Surveys and Validation

– Technical RF requirements based on which we select the best candidate

• Sites Surveys and Validation

• Sites Surveys and Validation

σ Half the vertical beam

• Sites Surveys and Validation

σ Half the vertical beam

• Sites Surveys and Validation

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