CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

Copyright© Siemens AG
Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products
 Why review CT’s

Description of CB and CT Manufacturing Process

Issues with CT’s

Suggestions for Improvements

- CT Specifications
- CT Mix
- CT Ratings
- Other

Page 2 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 CT-adapted toto
CT-according protection
specification
requirements

Page 3 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 High-Voltage Circuit-Breaker
Type 3AP1 DT 72.5 up to 245 kV

Product Characteristics

One interrupter unit per pole

Stored energy Spring Drive Mechanism

Rated voltages up to 245 kV

Rated short circuit breaking current
up to 63 kA

Type tested according to IEC 62271-100

Equipped with bushing type current
transformers

Ambient temperature range from -55 °C
up to +50 °C with pure SF6

Page 4 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 Current Transformer

Sealing ring

Cowl

Cores with
secondary winding

Housing

Connecting leads

Page 5 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 CT Specifications and Consequences

Standard

special

very special

Page 6 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

Page 7 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products
 Cost Savings per CB

Very Special Small Housing

[Complying Offer] Quantity

Ratio: 1200-900/5
15
Class: 0.25PX300R0.45 on 900/5 tap [S1-S2]

0.15PX400R0.58 on 1200/5 tap [S1-S3]

Special Small Housing

[Alternative Offer]

Ratio: 1200-900/5

Class: 0.25PX250R0.4 on 900/5 tap [S1-S2]

15
0.15PX325R0.55 on 1200/5 tap [S1-S3]

TOTAL SAVINGS - (Estimated) Approx

$ 10k per CB
Page 8 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products
 Weight Saving

Very Special Small Housing

[Complying Offer] Weight
Ratio: 1200-900/5
Class: 0.25PX300R0.45 on 900/5 tap [S1-S2] 150kg per bushing
0.15PX400R0.58 on 1200/5 tap [S1-S3]
Total 900kg
Special Small Housing
[Alternative Offer]
Ratio: 1200-900/5
129kg per bushing
Class: 0.25PX250R0.4 on 900/5 tap [S1-S2]
0.15PX325R0.55 on 1200/5 tap [S1-S3] Total 774kg

TOTAL SAVINGS -
SAVINGS
126kg per CB

Page 9 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 What do we look at in CT specification
Dimension
CT

Knee Point Burden Sec. Current ALF Accuracy

Page 10 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION

Current transformers can be constructed in a number of different ways:

WOUND PRIMARY: with a fixed primary with a number of turns around
the core;the winding is fully insulated and form an integral part of the
assembly

BAR PRIMARY: this has a fixed insulated primary conductor passing
through the core and essentially the primary conductor is equal to 1
turn

Page 11 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION(
cont.)

BUSHING TYPE:this has no primary winding;it is for use with a fully

insulated conductor acting as the primary winding.

WINDOW TYPE:this has no primary winding but it normally has

insulation in the window so that conductors can be passed through
Other types are for HV applications.

Page 12 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 BASIC FORMULAE

MAXIMUM SECONDARY WINDING VOLTAGE

Page 13 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 BASIC DESIGN CONCEPTS (Cont.)

The more accurate the reflection in the secondary of the primary

current the smaller the current and phase angle errors.

These errors are dependant on :

Excitation ampere turns

Type of magnetic material used

Configuration of the transformer;in general the smaller the ID and
OD the more accurate the transformer for the same excitation
Ampere - turns

Page 14 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 CT – 1A or 5A Secondary?

1250/5 0.15 PX 100 Rct = 0.5 1250/1 0.025 PX 100 Rct = 2.5
5P20 20VA Rb = 0.8 5P20 4VA Rb = 4
SSC = 25kA SSC = 25kA

Page 15 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 CT – 1A or 5A Secondary?

1250/5 0.15 PX 300 Rct = 0.5 1250/1 0.025 PX 250 Rct = 2.5
5P20 85VA Rb = 3.4 5P20 13.75VA Rb = 13.75
SSC = 25kA SSC = 25kA

Page 16 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 CURRENT TRANSFORMER CHOICE

MEASUREMENT CTS

Require good accuracy up to 120% rated current

Require low saturation levels to protect instruments

PROTECTION CTS

Require accuracy up to many times rated current

Require definite voltage outputs at below saturation levels

Page 17 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 CT – Magnetising Curve

Page 18 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

Page 19 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products
 MARKET CONSIDERATIONS

THE SPECIFIER

Should ensure that the appropriate class for each application is

used;specifying a greater burden than actually required may not give
you the accuracy you want!!!

The protection class requirements should be accurately calculated as

the specifying of voltages higher than require only result in higher
prices

Page 20 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 MARKET CONSIDERATIONS
(Cont.)

THE PURCHASER

Consider carefully the implications of the specification!

Do not use metering CTs for Protection applications:it will cost more
later when the end user has problems with its protection system.

Ensure that the CTs you use have the correct mechanical
characteristics;ensure that the materials used are adequate to
withstand the temperatures of your busbars!!!

Page 21 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 TYPICAL EXAMPLES

METERING APPLICATION

Customer asks for low ratio with high

burden and class

Typical 15 VA 1M

Result: -
Large and expensive CT using mumetal ALTERNATIVE
Determine what connected load is;

Typical now is electronic with small VA

burden typical 2.5 or 5VA

RECOMMEND ALTERNATIVE

Page 22 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 TYPICAL EXAMPLE
PROTECTION APPLICATION

Customer specifies differential CT’s with large knee point voltage

CT size is too large to fit in switchgear

Check voltage requirement based on relay recommended formulas!!!!

90% of time customer specified knee point voltage is much higher than
needed!!

Result : a lower cost ct that can fit in your gear

Page 23 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 TYPICAL SWITCHGEAR APPLICATIONS

How are dimensions of CTs affected???

Remember the basic formula ,voltage is dependant on: turns; flux density
in core and size of core

If a customer wants a larger internal diameter then the price will go up

due to:

Increased weight of core to compensate for lower flux density;
remember flux density is proportional to magnetising force and for
a given number of turns the magnetizing force of ampere turns
/metre is indirectly proportional to the mean length of core i.e,

The larger the diameter of the core the lower magnetising ampere
turns the lower the flux density!!!

Page 24 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 CT-Requirements

Old Specification  new adapted Data

No Calculation  CT-stability calculation
Multi-Ratio  necesary ratios only
CT interchangable  project specific data
High Burden  adapted burden

Page 25 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products

 What do we look at in CT specification

Dimension
CT
CT Design Consideration :
Knee Point Burden Sec. Current ALF Accuracy

Don’t re-use old specifications

Do your studies to optimise CT considering:
•Fault Levels
•X/R ratio
•Relay response times
Work with the manufacturer . . . .

Page 26 Energy / Transmission / High Voltage Products