FINAL PROJECT PROPOSAL

MINIMUM PULSE MONITORING SYSTEM ON ANDROID-

BASED PREPAID KWH METERS

Arranged by :
Prio Sigit Asehno
NIM. 2020305019

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK LISTRIK

POLITEKNIK CALTEX RIAU
2021
 SUMMARY
Electricity is an energy that is needed for human life in this modern era.
Electricity serves to drive all electronic equipment that we have. Prepaid
electricity uses a pulse system, so we have to keep the pulses from running out so
that the electricity doesn't go out which can potentially damage electronic items
that are connected to electricity. Even though they have used a prepaid system,
electricity customers are still unable to control their electricity usage. In addition,
due to rapid technological developments that almost everyone has an android
smartphone, a tool is needed to convey minimum pulse warnings and daily power
usage directly to electricity customers' android smartphones. This tool is designed
to use the PZEM-004T sensor module to detect current, voltage, power and
energy values so that power usage can be known at a certain time. The data is
processed on the ESP32 and then submitted to Nextion as an offline monitoring
media as well as telegram and blynk on the user's smartphone through the help of
the internet as an online monitoring medium.
Keywords : PZEM-004T, ESP32, Nextion, Blynk, Telegram, and Android
Smartphone

i
 DAFTAR ISI

I. SUMMARY i

II. TABLE OF CONTENS ii

III. LIST OF PICTURE....................................................................................iii

IV. LIST OF TABLE........................................................................................iv

I. PRELIMINARY...............................................................................................1
1.1. Backgrounds...............................................................................................1
1.2. Formulations Of The Problems..................................................................2
1.3. Scope Of The Problems.............................................................................2
1.4. Objectives And Benefits ...........................................................................3
1.4.1. Objectives.......................................................................................3
1.4.2. Benefits .........................................................................................3
1.5. Research Methodology..............................................................................3
1.6. Writing System..........................................................................................4

II. LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................5

2.1. Previous Research .....................................................................................5

ii
 2.2. Theoritical Basis........................................................................................8
2.2.1. Monitoring......................................................................................8
2.2.2. PLN Electricity...............................................................................8
2.2.3. Modul Nextion...............................................................................8
2.2.4. Modul PZEM-004T........................................................................9
2.2.5. ESPduino........................................................................................9
2.2.6. Android.........................................................................................10
2.2.7. Telegram......................................................................................10
2.2.8. Blynk............................................................................................11

III. DESIGN..........................................................................................................12
3.1. Block Diagram..........................................................................................12
3.2. Flowchart System.....................................................................................12
3.3. Hardware Design.......................................................................................14
3.3.1. Configurations Between Loads With PZEM-004T Module .......14
3.3.2. Configurations Between PZEM-004T Module With ESPduino. .14
3.3.3. Configurations Between Nextion Module and ESPduino............15
3.3.4. Configurations Between ESPduino and Smartphone...................15
3.3.5. Overall Configurations.................................................................16
3.4. Software Design........................................................................................17
3.5. Mechanical Design....................................................................................18
3.6. Test............................................................................................................18
3.6.1. Communication Test....................................................................19
3.6.2. Function Test................................................................................19
3.6.3. Data Test......................................................................................19

IV. Schedule And Cost Budget.............................................................................20

4.1. Timetable..................................................................................................20
4.2. Cost Estimation.........................................................................................20

V. REFERENCES................................................................................................21

iii
iv
 LIST OF PICTURE

Gambar 2.1 Nextion Module....................................................................................8

Gambar 2.2 PZEM-004T Module............................................................................9
Gambar 2.3 ESPduino............................................................................................10
Gambar 2.4 Android...............................................................................................10
Gambar 2.5 Telegram.............................................................................................11
Gambar 2.6 Blynk..................................................................................................11
Gambar 3.1 Block Diagram...................................................................................12
Gambar 3.2 Flowchart System...............................................................................13
Gambar 3.3 Configurations Between Loads With PZEM-004T Module..............14
Gambar 3.4 Configurations Between PZEM-004T Module With ESPduino........14
Gambar 3.5 Configurations Between Nextion Module and ESPduino..................15
Gambar 3.6 Configurations Between ESPduino and Smartphone.........................15
Gambar 3.7 Overall Configurations.......................................................................16
Gambar 3.8 Software Design.................................................................................17
Gambar 3.9 Mechanical Design.............................................................................18
Gambar 3.10 Mechanical Design 2........................................................................18

v
 LIST OF TABLES

Tabel 2.1 Comparision Table Of Past Research......................................................6

Tabel 4.1 Final Project Work Schedule.................................................................18
Tabel 4.2 Table Of Estimated Cost Of Final Project Work...................................18

vi
 INTRODUCTION
1.1. Backgrounds

Electricity is an energy that is needed for human life in this modern era.
Electricity serves to move all electronic goods that we have. The need for
electricity consists of several kinds, including for the largest use absorbed by the
industry which is used to drive industrial motors, then for public facilities such as
street lighting, and use for household needs which currently use a lot of electronic
goods to produce electricity. make daily work easier. The need for this electricity
is supplied by several power plants, both private and state owned (PT PLN
Persero), but in general, if the state is able to reach it, it will be supplied by the
state. PT PLN Persero is a state-owned electricity supply company. Consumption
services used by PT PLN currently use a prepaid system.

This smart prepaid/Electricity system requires credit to activate the meter.

So that the people who use it can regulate and manage the use of electricity
according to their abilities, on the other hand there is also no severance sanction.
The use of this prepaid system can also avoid problems arising from the number
of bills and electricity usage that exceeds the consumer's ability to pay.

In addition to several advantages offered by the prepaid system, this system

also has several weaknesses, namely, if the balance is already at a minimum, the
KWh meter will only sound a buzzer. This notification will be ineffective if the
kWh meter is placed in a place that is rarely accessed by consumers, such as a
garage or warehouse. In addition, if the consumer is not at home, the consumer
will not know if the balance is already minimum. This will cause power outages
and interfere with performance and potentially damage electronic devices that are
still connected when left by the owner, such as refrigerators and CCTV.

Public ignorance about the amount of electrical power consumption in an

electronic device makes them often complain that the electricity tokens that have
been charged will run out quickly, for that we need a monitoring tool for power
consumption per day so that people can find out the amount of power usage per

1
day and can regulate the use of electronic goods needed with the aim that there is
no waste of use and saving electricity in use.

On the other hand, today's society from several circles, generally teenagers
and adults, already have and are able to use Android smartphones well. Therefore,
if the minimum pulse indicator can be notified to the electricity consumer's
Android smartphone, this will be very useful so that there is no sudden power
outage due to running out of electric pulses.

1.2. Formulations Of The Problem

Based on the background that has been described. The formulation of the
problem in this study are:
1) How to design a monitoring tool for daily power consumption and monitoring
the minimum pulse on an Android-based prepaid KWh meter.
2) How is the minimum pulse monitoring performance system on an android-
based prepaid KWh meter.
3) How is the performance monitoring system for power usage per day on an
android-based prepaid KWh meter.

1.3. Scope Of Problem

The limitations of the problem in making this final project are:

1) Only in scope for prepaid system electricity
2) Only as a prototype to show the effectiveness of using a minimum pulse
detection system.
3) The device is limited to being able to send messages for minimum pulses and
power consumption per day only.

1.4. Objectives and Benefits

A.Objectives
The objectives of this research are:
1) Designing an android-based minimum pulse reminder tool

2
2) Create an android-based minimum credit reminder tool
3) Knowing the effectiveness of using an android-based minimum credit reminder
tool

B.Benefits
The benefits of doing this research are:
1) Electricity users don't have to worry about running out of electricity when
they're not at home.
2) Electronic goods that are used will avoid potential damage due to sudden
blackouts.
1.5. Research Methodology

The research methods used in making this final project are:

1) Literature study method This method is used to obtain references from various
related sources such as books, websites and component datasheets.

2) System design method This method is used as the steps for making tools to get
maximum results, starting with making a flowchart of the tool's performance
system, designing the layout of a series of tools, then assembling the tools and
making the program to completion.

3) Data Analysis Method Tests can be carried out on all systems that have been
installed on the tool, so that it can be seen whether the tool that has been made can
work properly.

1.6. Writing System

The systematics of writing this final project report as a whole consists of

four chapters, each consisting of several sub-chapters. The main points of
discussion of each of these chapters are broadly as follows:

BAB I PRELIMINARY

This chapter describes the background of the problem, the formulation of the
problem and the scope of the problem, the objectives and benefits of the research,
research methodology and writing systematics.

3
BAB II LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter describes some of the results of previous research and the theoretical
basis needed to design the system.

BAB III DESIGN

This chapter describes the system design consists of designing the system to be
built.

BAB IV SCHEDULE AND COST ESTIMATION

This chapter contains information about the schedule for the final project and the
estimated costs required for the final project.

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Previous Research

(Akbar, 2018) by monitoring the use of power in household electrical

appliances in order to be able to manage electricity use properly. Monitoring uses
ACS 712 current sensor equipment and voltage sensor as input, Arduino Uno for
data processing, and 20X4 LCD (monitoring) as output.

(Wahyuni et al., 2019) by monitoring the use of electricity pulses with

SMS notifications, it is easier for customers to know that the credit will run out or
reach the minimum limit. Monitoring uses camera as input, raspberry pi and GSM
module for data processing, and handphone as output.

(Nur, 2017) an android-based electrical energy consumption monitoring

tool using the PZEM-004T Module will produce more accurate current
measurements than using the ACS 712 current sensor. Monitoring uses the
PZEM-004T Module as input, raspberry pi for data processing, and smartphones
as output .

(Jeneldi et al., 2019) An SMS notification system for monitoring usage as

well as minimum conditions and damage to digital metering makes users more

4
comfortable when not at home. Monitoring uses a light sensor as input, ATMega
for data processing, and a 16x2 LCD and cellphone as output.

(Fakarilmi et al., 2015) The use of an SMS gateway in monitoring power

as an alarm when there is a power outage by PLN and when the electricity pulse
in kwh has run out will make it easier for boarding house owners to easily manage
and determine the use of electrical power for each boarding room. Monitoring
uses the ACS712-20A current sensor as input, Arduino as data processing, and
LCD and cellphone as output.

Tabel 2.1 Tabel Of Comparision Of Previous Research .

Writer’s
Paper Title Input Process Output
Name
Rancang Design Rizal ACS712 Arduino Uno LCD 20X4
and Build Akbar Current and SD Card
Monitoring Sensor, Module
Equipment For Voltage
Voltage, Current, Sensor(Powe
Power, kWh, and r Supply
Estimeted Usage Circuit)
Costs
R Design and Sherli Camera Rapsberry Pi, Handphone
Build a Monitoring Wahyuni GSM Module (SMS)
Tool For Dwi
Electricity Credit Afriani
Use With SMS
Notifications
And android- Fatoni Nur PZEM-004T Rapsberry Pi Smartphon
Based Electrical Habibi e Android
Energy
Consumption
Monitoring Tool
Using the PZEM-
004T Module

5
Design and Firmansyah Light Sensor Mikrokontrol, LCD 16X2,
Realization of Jeneldi (Photodiode) GSM Module Handphone
Minimum Credit (SMS)
Monitoring System
and Notification of
Damage to Prepaid
KWh Meters
Design and Hadi Current Atmega 328, LCD
Implementation of Fakarilmi Sensor GSM Module M1632,
Digital kWh Meter ACS712-20A Servo,
Control and Handphone
Monitoring System (SMS)
Using SMS
Gateway

2.2. Theoritical Basis

2.2.1. Monitoring

Monitoring is an activity or process of collecting data from the results of

an analysis of an ongoing activity or program by monitoring any changes that
occur in order to obtain information so that corrective action can be taken to
improve the program or ongoing activity.

2.2.2. PLN Electricity

PLN electricity is a source of alternating electrical energy supplied from a

generator, to activate and move electronic goods and motors. The use of
electricity is made based on current and power consumption. The more current or
power absorbed by the load used, the greater the billing fee that must be paid.

2.2.3. Nextion

6
 Nextion is a Human Machine Interface (HMI) tool that combines a
processor board with a memory touch screen with Nextion Editor software for the
development of HMI GUI (Graphichal User Interface) projects. Nextion Editor
helps develop HMI GUIs quickly by drag and drop components (Graphics, text,
buttons, sliders, etc.). And instructions to code how the components act for each
view. The Nextion HMI display is connected to the peripheral MCU via serial
TTL (5V, TX, RX, GND) to provide notifications that the peripheral MCU can
make, the peripheral MCU can easily update the progress and status back to the
Nextion display using simple ASCII text-based instructions. In general Nextion
serves to reduce the workload of HMI development.

2.2.4. PZEM Module-004T

Gambar 2.3 Modul PZEM-004T

The PZEM-004T module is a multifunctional sensor module that functions

to measure the power, voltage, current, and energy contained in an electric

7
current. This module is equipped with an integrated voltage sensor and current
sensor (CT). In use, this tool is specifically for indoor use and the installed load is
not allowed to exceed the specified power.

2.2.5. ESPduino

Gambar 2.4 ESPduino

ESPduino is a development board that incorporates the same architecture

as the Arduino Uno and the popular ESP-32 wifi module, where the pin outs on
this board are based on the esp32 form and not the UNO. This board is a
development board with the intention that making IoT can be projected more
easily. ESPduino is compatible with all Arduino expansion boards. ESPduino
supports Wifi, Bluetooth 4.2, Ethernet. This board has an input voltage of 5V-
12V, an average current of 80 mA and 1 Analog Input (3.2 V max input).

2.2.6. Android

Gambar 2.5 Android

Android is a Linux-based operating system that is used on smartphones.

Android is open source so it can be modified and can create useful software for
everyday life. Android is an open source platform for developers to create their

8
own applications for use on a comprehensive range of devices, because it provides
complete tools and frameworks for developing applications on a smartphone.

2.2.7. Telegram

Gambar 2.6 Telegram

Telegram is one of the most widely used communication applications

around the world. Telegram is used by almost all people, especially in the world
of work. Telegram has a high security system to protect the sending of messages,
both text, sound and images. This service also provides APIs to independent
developers. The Telegram API or Telegram bot allows one to integrate two
different applications simultaneously in the case of the Telegram chat application
with other devices. So with the telegra bot, chats can be replied to by a program.

2.2.8. Blynk

Gambar 2.7 Blynk

Blynk is a platform for mobile OS applications, one of which is Android

which aims to control Arduino modules, Raspbery pi, ESP8266, WEMOS D1,
and similar modules via the internet. This application is a creative place to create a
graphical interface for projects that will be implemented only by drag and drop
widget methods. Blynk is not tied to a specific board or module. From this

9
application platform, we can control anything remotely, wherever we are and at
any time with a note that we must be connected to the internet

DESIGN
3.1. Block Diagram

Burden WIFI

Sensor
Module Smartphone
PZEM-004T ESPduino
Android

Nextion

Gambar 3.1 Blok Diagram

The working system of this tool starts from the PZEM-004T Sensor Module
which detects voltage, current, and power according to the installed load. The data
will then be forwarded to the ESPduino via a cable with serial communication.
The data is then processed in ESPduino before being forwarded to the Android
smartphone via Wifi intermediary. The data that arrives at the smartphone is in the
form of graphic data with Blynk software and push notifications to Telegram if
the minimum pulse is detected and daily usage.

3.2. Flowchart Sistem

Flowchart System serves to make it easier to understand how the program

works. The flowchart can be seen in the image below:

Start

Reading Current
and Voltage

10
A

Processing data on
ESPduino

Have you
monitored
for 1 day?

Ya
No No

Credit
Bellow 10
KWH?

Yes

Sending Notifications to
android smartphone

Show Notifications on
Smartphone android

Finish

Gambar 3.2 Flowchart Sistem

11
3.3. Hardware Design

3.3.1. Configurations beetwen loads with PZEM-004T Module

Gambar 3.3 Configurations beetwen loads with PZEM-004T Module

This module can work when it is connected to an AC voltage source so

that the current, voltage, and electric power values can be known by the sensor
module. As per the datasheet, the PZEM-004T sensor module has the following
working specifications.

1. Working on voltage: 80~260VAC

2. Test voltage: 80~260VAC

3. Power: 100A/22,000W

4. Test Current: 0⁓100 A

Frequency: 45-65Hz

3.3.2. Configurations beetwen PZEM-004 module with ESPduino.

12
 Gambar 3.4 Configurations beetwen PZEM-004 module with ESPduino
In this section, the measurement data is sent from PZEM-004T to ESPduino using
a serial to USB data cable connection configuration.

.
3.3.3. Configurations between Nextion Module with ESPduino

Gambar 3.5 Configurations between Nextion Module with ESPduino

In this section the results will be displayed on the Nextion, then inputting
token pulses can be done through the Nextion media as well to add the limit value
of electric power usage.

3.3.4. Configurations between ESPduino with smartphone

13
 Gambar 3.6 Configurations between ESPduino with Smartphone

The configuration between the ESPduino and the android smartphone is

done by connecting the ESPduino to Wifi then the data via the internet is
conveyed to the android smartphone.

3.3.5. Overall Configurations

Gambar 3.7 Overall Configurations

The overall configuration is a combination of several previous

configurations. In the monitoring process using a smartphone that is connected to
ESPduino via wifi and the internet.

14
3.4. Software Design

Gambar 3.8 Rancangan Software

In this design, a widget display will be created in the Blynk application.

The widget used will display the current, voltage, power, and energy monitoring
display on the smartphone. The 2 gauge widgets above serve to display the
instantaneous current and voltage, while the graph widget below is a display of
usage per certain unit of time.

15
3.5. Mechanical Design

Gambar 3.9 Mechanical Design

Gambar 3.10 Mechanical Design 2

For these designs, the PZEM-004T and ESPduino Modules are

installed on the inside of the box, while the Nextion LCD is mounted
on the top and outside the box because this LCD will function as a
monitoring tool as well as to input the number of KWh according to
what we have entered on the KWh meter which are actually.

3.6. Test

3.6.1. Communication Test

16
 Communication testing is carried out to determine the communication
status between smartphone devices and ESPduino. Testing is done by pinging IP.

3.6.2. Function Testing

 PZEM-004T Testing

This test was conducted to determine the condition of the

PZEM-004T data reading function on the PZEM-004T tool.
 ESPduino Testing

This test is carried out to determine whether the ESPduino is

still functioning normally and can be used for sensor reading and data
processing.

 Nextion Testing

Nextion is used to display data that has been processed by

ESPduino. If the data displayed is in accordance with what has been
programmed, then the Nextion LCD circuit is working properly.

 Testing of sending data and Notifications

The process of sending data is done from the ESPduino to the

Smartphone wirelessly. If the ESPduino is able to send data and
notifications and can be received by the smartphone regarding the
minimum credit, then the connection between the ESPduino and the
smartphone has been connected correctly.

3.6.3. Data Testing

This test is carried out to determine the precision between the measured
data on the tool that has been made to the data on the actual KWh meter.

17
SCHEDULE AND COST BUDGET
4.1.Timetable

The author makes a work schedule for the final project which aims to make
the use of time more effective and more organized and in accordance with the
methodology used. The schedule is shown in the following table.

Tabel 4.1 Final Project Work Schedule

4.2. Cost Estimation

In the estimated cost so that the project can run smoothly and in accordance
with the methodology used, the author requires costs for the equipment needed in
working on this final project.

Tabel 4.2 Table Of Estimated Cost Of Final Project Work

No Tool Amount Price

1 PZEM-004T 1 unit Rp. 250.000
2 Modul Nextion 1 unit Rp. 1.300.000
3 ESPduino 1 unit Rp. 400.000
4 Kabel Jumper 40 pcs Rp. 50.000
Total Biaya Rp. 2.000.000

REFERENCES
Akbar, R. (2018). Rancang Bangun Alat Monitoring Tegangan , Arus , Daya ,

18
 kWh , Serta Estimasi Biaya Pemakaian. 1–25.

Fakarilmi, H., Sarwoko, M., Elektro, F. T., Telkom, U., Terapan, F. I., Telkom,
U., Elektro, F. T., & Telkom, U. (2015). PERANCANGAN DAN
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM KONTROL DAN MONITORING KWH METER
DIGITAL MENGGUNAKAN SMS GATEWAY DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROLING SYSTEM AND MONITORING
DIGITAL KWH METER. 2(2), 2555–2562.

Jeneldi, F., Tanudjaja, H., & Suraidi, S. (2019). Perancangan dan Realisasi Sistem
Monitoring Pulsa Minimum dan Pemberitahuan Kerusakan Pada KWh Meter
Prabayar. TESLA: Jurnal Teknik Elektro, 20(1), 27.
https://doi.org/10.24912/tesla.v20i1.2825

Nur, F. (2017). Alat Monitoring Pemakaian Energi Listrik Berbasis Android

Menggunakan Modul PZEM-004T. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi
Elektro Terapan 2017, 01(01), 157–162.

Wahyuni, S., Afriani, D., & Ziad, I. (2019). Rancang Bangun Alat Monitoring
Penggunaan Pulsa Listrik dengan Notifikasi SMS. 209–213.

19