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LEARNING GUIDE

Week No.: 10 & 11

TOPIC
• Communication for Work Purposes: Business, Trade, Law, Media, Science, and
Technology

EXPECTED COMPETENCIES
At the end of this weeks’ learning module, one should be able to:
a. Create a clear coherent and effective communication materials
b. Present ideas persuasively using appropriate language, registers – tone,
facial expressions and gestures
c. Adopt awareness of audience and context in presenting and
communicating ideas
d. Produce an effective research-based topics of an essay.

WARM UP ACTIVITY
Reflect on the learning that you gained from this lesson by completing the given chart
What were your misconceptions about the What new or additional learning have you
topics prior to taking up this lesson? gained from this lesson in terms of skills,
content, and attitude?
I thought.... I learned that...

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Preparing a Speech or Oral Report

Some students and professionals do not like the idea of speaking in public, whether in front
of small or large groups. Just the thought that they will be facing people already makes them jittery.
However, this is normal part of life. When you become professionals, there will always be a time
that you will face an audience.
Being able to speak effectively in front of an audience will always be an advantage. Some
professionals become most sought-after speakers because of their good oral communication skills.
So how do you prepare for this difficult task? These principles are related to public
speaking. Consider the following so you can render an effective speech and be a good public
speaker:
1. Audience – Know the profile of your listeners. It is important that you know who will
listen to you – their age, gender, educational background, religion, economic status, and
interests. Also, know how much the audience knows about the topic.

2. Logistics – It is something basic or essential for every speaker to know who is organizing
the event. Know who will be introducing you and who will be speaking before and after
you.

2.1 Venue – The venue is equally important. Locate the lights and if you have
movable aids, know where to position them.

2.2 Facilities – Ask beforehand about the pieces of equipment available for you.
These facilities should match the presentation aids that you will use.

3. Content of report/ speech/ lecture – Since you have been invited as a speaker, the
organizers might have sought you because of your reputation as an effective speaker. If the
purpose of the event is to inform just like a convention, conference, or a training-seminar,
it is expected that you are able to contribute new information. If the purpose is to entertain,
your speech should be light hearted, amusing, and lively. If the purpose is to persuade, your
presentation should sound convincing enough.

How to prepare for the big event

The following are some tips for you:
1. Read a lot. Research on the topic assigned to you.
2. Prepare your oral presentation with an introduction, body, and a conclusion.
3. Rehearse by practicing aloud and getting the feedback of those who will act as
your audience during the rehearsal stage.
4. Use technology. In this day and age, most speakers use technology.

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b.
Delivering the report/speech / talk
When you deliver your report, speech or talk, make use of both verbal and non-verbal code.

1. Paralinguistic cues – Subsumed under this category are facial expression, posture,
gesture and movement. For facial expression, the eyes and eye-to-eye contact are very
important. There is the saying which states: “The eyes are the window to the soul.” This
means that by establishing eye contact or through gazing, one can detect the emotional
state of a person.

2. Prosodic features – when making a presentation, there are features that you need to
observe. When you speak, aim at delivering your message clearly through intelligible and
comprehensible pronunciation. You need to articulate the sounds clearly by paying
attention to how you move your lips, tongue, and teeth.

Overcoming anxiety or stage fright

Many speakers become tense when making small and big presentations. This is normal.
Becoming nervous only shows that you care about your presentation. You are concerned about
whether the audience will pick up something from your talk. Note that a little amount of nervous
tensions is needed if you aspire for an excellent performance. At the beginning, you may
experience anxiety, but as you go along with your presentation, your nervous tension will ease up.
Eugene White and Claire Henderlinder (1956) stated that: “We do not actually fear the
process of speaking as such but a negative response from the listeners.” This is indeed true. What
people actually fear is not the process of speaking but the negative response, comment, or feedback
from the listeners.

The Art of Selling Your Ideas and Convincing your Audience

Whatever field you explore, you will have to sell your ideas and convince your audience.
For example, if you have discovered a new strategy, invented a new product, created a new device,
or stumbled upon new knowledge, your next step is to encourage people to consider it, support it,
promote it, use it, or apply it. They will not do so if they doubt what you are introducing, offering,
or suggesting. It is, therefore, crucial to master the art of selling your ideas and convincing your
audience.
When you are selling the idea, you have to know what you are talking about. Preparation
is key in selling your ideas and convincing your audience. In selling an idea sincerity and honesty
go a long way. While you may highlight the positive aspects of your idea or product or service,
you should acknowledge the drawbacks so that people would know what to expect.

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for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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As Isadore Sharp, the founder of the Four Seasons hotel chain emphasizes (2009):
“Communication ... is vital to outstanding service. And in order to communicate, you’ll first
have to win trust”.

Consider the three types of rhetorical appeals

• Logos (logical appeal) – Good reasoning or sound logic is supported by facts,
data, statistics, and expert knowledge from credible sources. This king of appeal
also makes use of examples, consequences, and comparisons and contrasts. The
delivery of such an appeal uses academic, formal language.
• Ethos (ethical appeal)- This kind of appeal finds strength in the authority and
credibility of the source of information and knowledge.
• Pathos (emotional appeal)- To illustrate your points and support your arguments,
you can involve your audience by sharing specific narratives that can move them.
Emotions allow readers and listeners to identify with real people who have gone
through similar stories of conflict and triumph.

The Essay
Essay comes from the Latin word “essais”-an attempt to write. Michel de Montaigne was the
father of essay.

Research-based Argumentative Essay

We all know that research is important. Without research, many of the advancements in science
and technology that we enjoy today would not have been possible. Without research, we would
not know what to do to help people when catastrophes strike.

From Research to Argument:

Producing a research-based argumentative essay
Explanation essay Blog Research-based
argumentative essay
What is it? An essay that answers A personal journal or An essay that presents
the question “why?” diary entry that is a writer’s position
posted online

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for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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with support from

research studies
What is the purpose To inform readers Reasons for To persuade readers
of the writing about why something blogging: to accept the writer’s
project? happens To entertain position
To instruct
To inform
To persuade
Does it require Research may be Research may be Research must be
research? used but is not used but is not used to support the
required required writer’s claim or
position.

Writing an explanation essay

Addressing “why” questions means providing explanations for phenomena. An
explanation essay is one such example of a written piece if work that addresses “why”
questions. It explains a particular topic to its readers. Since it is meant to inform or educate the
readers, the essay should present convincing and adequate support for the explanations.

The Blog
Today, with easy access to computers and the Internet, people write their diaries
differently. From handwritten entries on a piece of paper or a notebook page, diaries in
contemporary times come in the form of online journals which are called blogs.
Blogs, like diary entries, are individual accounts of a writer’s experiences and emotions.
Thus, the viewpoint is usually personal and subjective. However, blogs are different from the
traditional journal or diary entry in the sense that blogs are uploaded to online platforms that
make it easier for bloggers (those who write blogs) to include visual features, as well as links to
other sites on the net.
How does one create a blog? Go to wikihow.com and look up “How to start a blog.” The
site provides step-by-step instructions on how to create a blog from coming up with a concept,
starting a blog at blogger.com, launching a blog on Wordpress, to promoting your blog.
Likewise, the use of video is what we call a vlog.

Personal Reflective Essay

The personal reflective essay presents your insights on a particular aspect of life as you
have observed and experienced it. It can include a vivid description of what you have witnessed
and gone through. When you write this type of essay, it is like inviting your audience to enter
your mind as you narrate significant turning points and share your views with them.

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for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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Essentials of Documenting Sources

Proper documentation of all borrowed ideas, information, concepts, arguments, or
information for your research and academic writings is very important. This is done through
citations which serve the following purposes:
1. To avoid plagiarism
Plagiarism is a serious offense. Basically, plagiarism means taking and using the
ideas, information, concepts, arguments, or information of someone else, intentionally or
unintentionally, without properly citing them.
2. To make your paper more scholarly
Scholarly writing means that you are able to exhaustively use related and current
ideas, information, concepts, arguments, or information.
3. To help your target audience identify your original source
More often than not, your target audience or readers want to either verify the
information or learn more about the information from the original.

Doing Research
There are three types of notes, namely paraphrases, summarises, and direct
quotations. Paraphrasing is done when you use your own words in taking down notes. If the
information provided in the source is long, it is best to summarize. You may also copy the note
verbatim or exactly as it is presented in the source if you wish to preserve the source.

PROGRESS CHECK
I. A. Write E on the blank if the statement shows effective strategy and N if the
strategy is ineffective.

1. I immediately check my grammar and mechanics when I write my initial draft.

2. I use reliable and valid sources only.
3. I write when I don’t feel well or when I am not in the mood.
4. I start writing the first draft to generate ideas.
5. I don’t use my outline when I draft my paper.
6. I write, revise, and edit at the same time.
7. I draft one paragraph at a time.
8. I observe the process approach to writing.
9. I conduct a self – review of my draft before I submit it for peer and teacher
feedback.
10. I consider my audience and purpose in writing.

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for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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B. Write T on the blank if the statement is true and F is the statement is false.
1. An oral presentation does not require practice.
2. An oral presentation is best delivered by reading the printed copy of the speech.
3. An oral presentation may be used to persuade or inform the target audience.
4. The most important component of an oral presentation is audience analysis.
5. The visual aids should contain lengthy texts.

II. From the given guidelines of the lessons learned in public speaking, do the following
steps for your speech activity.

a. Research your topic or subject for your oral presentation.

b. Create your own speech content.
c. Write / Draft using an essay with corresponding parts and elements of a speech
outline (introduction/greetings, body, and conclusion).
d. Use/ Apply the styles, manners and methods of speaking (memorize speech –
extemporaneous only).

Criteria or Rubrics:
Ideas/Content 20%
Organization (unity and coherence) 20%
Grammar and mechanics 20%
(Capitalization/Spelling/Punctuation)
Total 60%

References:

Barrot, J. S., &Sipacio, P. J. (2018). Purposive communication in the 21st century. C & E
Publishing, Inc.

Suarez, C. A., Perfecto, M. G., Canilao, M. N., &Paez, D. I. (2018). Purposive communication in
English. Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Madruino, M.R., & Martin,I.P., (2018). Purposive communication Using English in Multilingual
Contexts. C & E Publishing, Inc.

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 8

LEARNING GUIDE

Week No.: 12 & 13

TOPIC
• The Oral Presentation

EXPECTED COMPETENCIES
At the end of this weeks’ learning module, one should be able to:
a. Deliver an organized and effective oral communication skills using an
appropriate technology
b. Convey ideas through oral, audio and visual and web-based presentations
for different target of audiences
c. Apply the qualities of an effective speaker using the different types and
methods of public speaking
Warm up Activity
1. Am I really interested in the topic? Is it useful to my field of
interest?
2. Is it relevant? Will it impact me, others, or the society? Will it
benefit my target audience?

CONTENT
Some useful tips in delivering an oral presentation
What makes a good and effective oral presentation?
1. Visualize yourself delivering an excellent speech.
2. Emphasize the relevance of your speech to your audience.
3. Clearly explain your objectives at the start of your presentation.
4. Use multimedia in your presentation, in case of technical glitch.
5. Do not overload your visual aids/ do not read your visual aids; explain them.
6. If your situation permits, arrive earlier than the members of the audience, and
warmly greet them.
7. Dress professionally.
8. Include real life situations.

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for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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9. Maintain eye contact and use natural gestures.

10. Allow enough time for questioning. Listen carefully before answering the questions.
Do not be defensive.

APPLICATION OF STYLES, MANNERS & METHODS OF SPEAKING

Virtual Speech Delivery

PROGRESS CHECK
TITLE OF SPEECH/ BLOG/ VLOG/ NEWS REPORTING AS NEWS ANCHOR

Individual Oral Presentation

Criteria
• Projection and mastery
• Content and Organization
• Diction and Pronunciation
• Interpretation

References:

Barrot, J. S., &Sipacio, P. J. (2018). Purposive communication in the 21st century. C & E
Publishing, Inc.

Suarez, C. A., Perfecto, M. G., Canilao, M. N., &Paez, D. I. (2018). Purposive communication in
English. Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Madruino, M.R., &Martin,I.P., (2018). Purposive communication Using English in Multilingual

Contexts. C & E Publishing, Inc.

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.