Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Sleep allows our bodies and brains to recover and refresh. It is as important as
any of our healthy habits like eating, drinking, and even breathing. A higher risk on
obesity, diabetes, injuries, poor mental health, and problems with attention and behavior
are some of the things both children and adults may attain if they do not receive enough
sleep. The required sleep duration of a person depends on the person’s age. The
National Sleep Foundation recommends newborns to sleep 14-17 hours each day,
infants to sleep 12-15 hours, toddlers to sleep 11-14 hours, preschoolers to sleep 10-13
hours, teenagers to sleep 8-10 hours, younger adults and adults to sleep 7-9 hours, and
older adults to get 7-8 hours of sleep (www.sleepfoundation.org/excessivesleepiness).
Gadgets play a significant role in the common man’s life and we have grown so
used to it that it became very difficult for us to think of daily life chores in the absence of
machines. In other terms gadgets are applications that make work easy. Gadgets also
play a vital role in the educational field in order to enhance the skills and knowledge of
an individual. It is very important for them since they need to improve their knowledge
power to gain success in the future. Gadgets make the world a great and easy place to
live. The growth of gadgets of ever-increasing difficulty opens new scenery for human
ability. Gadgets provide a secure, at comfort and well-nourished life for billions of human
beings. People need advanced technology to stay active and strong. Gadgets promote
independent learning. Students today can now educate themselves without the help and
supervision of parents and teachers using any gadget that has access to the internet.
They can also utilize these gadgets to help and guide them through their assignments. It
is very helpful for them to improve their skills and knowledge through these well-
equipped technologies. Gadgets also enhance communication. Decades ago people
uses letters to communicate with others which would take days or weeks before them
receiving it. However, communication is just a few clicks away through E-mails and
short messages service aided by gadgets. Gadgets also speed up works. There are
many gadgets that make life easier. This technology helps the student to work
efficiently. A student can complete their lengthy paper writing tasks in less time period.
Gadgets also aid teachers to educate students in exciting ways. Now teachers can
provide exciting education atmosphere to the students through this gadgets. Videos,
images and other graphic lessons can deliver to the students through these latest
technologies. This generates exciting learning atmosphere and endorses interest in the
education field. In short, this technology is very important for both students and
teachers but on the other hand, this technology has disadvantages too. Gadgets can
make an individual addicted. Most commonly seen, students get addicted to gaming,
texting or talking on phone or online. It affects their learning in a bad way. Gadgets
lessen an individual socialization and creativity. Years and Decades ago students read
books, socialize and engage in some active things in their free time, but now these
gadgets reduce participation day by day, especially creativity aspects. They become
less creative and less capable of amusing them. Even though gadgets promote
learning, it also affects an individual’s interest in studies. Now everything is dependent
on the students themselves, whether they develop poor education habits and lazy
attitude or learn useful stuff available. Moreover, it also makes student forgetting their
basic learning, they totally based on the internet instead of books and take assist from
their teachers. Most of them misspell words because they use spell checkers
(www.perfectwriters.co.uk/blog).
Gadget misuse is defined as the usage of gadget that affects the person in a
deficient way like the person’s time, sleep and performance. If a student or an individual
spends hours using a mobile phone or any gadget each day and affects their sleeping
habits because of gadget usage it is already considered as gadget misuse
(www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015).
Grade seven students belong to the teen’s group age, their requirement for
sleep is 9-11 hours and if this condition will not be attained they could experience many
kinds of problems, sickness and diseases. According to a study that found adolescents
who spend more than two hours a day with their gadgets are more likely to be sleep
deprived, excessive use of smartphones and tablets may be keeping teens awake at
night. Most sleep experts agree that adolescents need nine hours of sleep each night to
be engaged and productive students. Less than seven hours is considered to be
insufficient sleep. Researchers, including those from San Diego State University in the
US, examined data from two surveys of more than 360,000 teenagers. One survey
asked students in the eighth, 10th and 12th grades how frequently they got at least
seven hours of sleep, while the second survey asked 9th–12th grade students how
many hours of sleep they got on an average school night. Combining and analyzing
data from both surveys, researchers found that about 40 percent of adolescents slept
less than seven hours a night in 2015, which is 58 per cent more than in 1991 and 17
per cent more than in 2009 (www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science).