THE COGNITION OF THE JUNIOR POLICE OFFICERS ON THE PNP

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES: BASIS FOR AN

INTERVENTION PROGRAM

Table 1
Profile of the Respondents
Age Frequency Percent
35 years old and below 315 58.3
36 to 45 years old 131 24.3
46 years and above 94 17.4
Total 540 100.0
Table 1 shows the age group of the respondents. It infers that majority (f=315,
58.3 percent) are represented by the 35 year-old and below; while several (f=131,
24.3 percent) are between 36 and 45 years old; and some (f= 94, 17.4 percent) are
over 46 years old. This information indicates that this study is mostly participated
by young police officers, both junior and senior.  
Sex Frequency Percent
Male 432 80.0
Female 108 20.0
Total 540 100.0

Table 2 presents the sex of the respondents. It indicates that most (f= 432, 80.0
percent) are male; while their female counterparts comprise 20 percent or 108 of
the total 540 respondents. This explains that the PNP is a male-dominated
industry.
Highest Mandatory Training and Schooling Frequency Percent
Public Safety Junior Leadership Course (PSJLC) 315 58.3
Public Safety Senior Leadership Course (PSSLC) 131 24.3
Public Safety Officers Orientation Course (PSOOC) 94 17.4
Total 540 100.0
 Table 2
Population and Sample Frame
Respondents Population Sample Percent
Junior Police 18,500 315 58.33
Officers
Senior Officers 5,500 225 41.67
Total 24,000 540 100.00
 Table 3
Assessments on the Cognitive Level of the Junior Police Officers in the NCR as
to General Procedures
Indicators JPOs SOs
WM VI WM VI
1.       maintains an official police blotter where all types of operational and
CGE CGE
undercover dispatches shall be recorded 3.20 2.55
2.       coordinates, personally or through an official representative, with the
HC CLE
Police Office within whose jurisdiction the operation shall be conducted 3.76 1.76
3.       conducts arrest, raid, etc. with a marked police vehicle, preferably led by
a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO), and with personnel in prescribed police HC CGE
uniform 3.51 2.54
4.       uses peaceful means including the use of megaphones or any other
similar instruments to influence/warn the offenders/suspects to stop and/or HC CLE
peacefully give up 3.52 2.50

5.       avoids the use of warning shots during police interventions HC CGE
3.57 2.54

6.       issues a warning before he could use force against an offender HC CGE
3.68 2.75
7.       submits an after-encounter report outlining the circumstances
HC CGE
necessitating the use of weapon against the suspect 3.77 2.74
8.       avoids firing a moving vehicle except when its occupants pose imminent
danger of causing death or injury to the police officer or any other person, and
HC CGE
that the use of firearm does not create a danger to the public and outweighs the 3.90 3.12
likely benefits of its non-use
Composite Mean 3.78 HC 2.59 CGE
Legend: 3.51 - 4.00= Highly Competent (HC); 2.51 - 3.50= Competent to a Great Extent (CGE); 1.51 - 2.50 = Competent to a Limited Extent
(CLE); 1.00 - 1.50= Not Competent (NC)

Table 3 enumerates the Assessments on the Cognitive Level of the Junior

Police Officers in the NCR as to General Procedures. The composite mean value
of 3.78, according to the Junior Officer- respondents, is rated as ‘Highly
Competent’. This infers that this indicator is high as to ‘avoiding firing a moving
vehicle except when its occupants pose imminent danger of causing death…’
(WM= 3.90), ‘submits an after-encounter report…’ (WM=3.77). Conversely, the
junior officers agree that they somewhat lag in terms of ‘maintaining an official
police blotter where all types of operational and undercover dispatches shall be
recorded’ (WM= 3.20). This indicates that the junior police officers prefer being in
the operations rather doing administrative works.
According to the Senior Officer- respondents, the composite mean of 2.59,
rated as ‘Competent to a Great Extent’ points to the junior officers’ cognitive level
in terms of General Procedures. This would mean that the junior officers are high
as to ‘avoids firing a moving vehicle except when its occupants pose imminent
danger of causing death…’ (WM= 3.12), but needs further improvement in the area
of ‘coordinating, personally or through an official representative…’ (WM= 1.76) as
only ‘Competent to a Least Extent’. This data indicates that the junior officers are
expected to be in the field, rather than doing coordinating functions or
administrative matters.
It could be gleaned from the information gathered that the assessments of
the junior police officers under General Procedures is higher than that of the
senior officers. This may be due to the fact that the junior officers have exercised
a certain level of complacency or have thought highly that they have been doing
their job properly. The senior officers think that the junior officers should also be
trained to do menial administrative functions.
 Table 4
Assessments on the Cognitive Level of the Junior Police Officers in the NCR as
to Basic Procedures
JPOs SOs
Indicators
WM VI WM VI
HC
1.       plans patrolling carefully in order to avoid waste of time, effort and
resources 3.5 3.1 CGE
4 1
HC CLE
2.       protects and preserves the Crime Scene 3.7 2.5
6 0
HC
3.       stops an individual for the purpose of conducting a spot check/ accosting
only when reasonable suspicion exists 3.8 3.1 CGE
6 9
4.       performs a pat-down search if the individual has been legitimately
stopped with reasonable suspicion and when the police officer has reason to
believe that the individual possesses weapon/s on his person and poses a 3.3 CG 3.0 CGE
threat to the police officer’s or another person’s safety 1 E 1
HC
5.       observes proper procedures in serving Warrant of Arrest or warrantless
arrest 3.7 3.0 CGE
1 5
HC
6.       conducts a record check on the arrested person to determine the
possibility that the latter may be liable for any other crime 3.9 3.1 CGE
1 5
HC
7.       performs the duties of the police during custodial investigation 3.7 3.1 CGE
3 2
HC
8.       upholds the policies and procedures in the admission, visitation and
release of detainees 3.6 3.2 CGE
5 1
HC
9. commences inquest proceedings upon the presentation of arrested person by
3.6 3.0 CGE
the police officer before the inquest prosecutor 9 2
10.    monitors case continuously up to its final resolution
3.6 HC 3.0 CGE
Composite Mean 4 1
Legend: 3.51 - 4.00= Highly Competent (HC); 2.51 - 3.50= Competent to a Great Extent (CGE); 1.51 - 2.50 = Competent to a Limited Extent
(CLE); 1.00 - 1.50= Not Competent (NC)
 Table 5
Assessments on the Cognitive Level of the Junior Police Officers in the NCR as
to Special Procedures
JPOs SOs
Indicators
WM VI WM VI
HC
1.       implements orders on demolitions, injunctions,
3.7 3.2 CGE
and other similar orders
5 0
2.       provides police assistance in the
implementation of final decisions or orders of the 3.0 CG 3.2 CGE
courts in civil cases, of quasi-judicial bodies and of 6 E 0
administrative bodies on controversies within their
jurisdiction
3.       adheres to policies, limitations on the role of HC
the PNP, guidelines, dispersal, and prohibited acts on 3.9 3.1 CGE
rallies and demonstrations 0 6
HC
4.       follows general, specific, operational tasks, and
3.9 3.1 CGE
guidelines of Civil Disturbance Management
0 5
HC
5.       establishes authority, composition, guidelines,
3.7 2.9 CGE
and procedures in the conduct of Checkpoints
4 8
6.       follows procedure, ground commander, HC
negotiators, assault teams and plan, support 3.7 2.8 CGE
personnel, coordination safety and guidelines during 3 2
hostage situations/ barricaded situations
HC
7.       reports and investigates properly child abuse
3.7 2.5 CGE
cases
6 4
HC
8.       provides active support to internal security
3.7 2.8 CGE
operations
2 0
9.       responds to bomb, bomb threat and bomb HC
incident emergency response and adheres to 3.9 2.6 CGE
procedures and guidelines 2 2
HC
10.    intervenes on computer crime incident 3.8 2.7 CGE
0 4
3.7 HC 2.9 CGE
Composite Mean 3 2
Legend: 3.51 - 4.00= Highly Competent (HC); 2.51 - 3.50= Competent to a Great Extent (CGE); 1.51 - 2.50 = Competent to a Limited Extent
(CLE); 1.00 - 1.50= Not Competent (NC)
 Table 6
Assessments on the Cognitive Level of the Junior Police Officers in the NCR as
to Miscellaneous Procedures

JPOs SOs
Indicators
WM VI WM VI
CLE
1.     adopts the PACER procedures in responding
3.1 CG 2.08
to Kidnapping Cases
1 E
2.     adheres to Training Manual on the CGE
Investigation of Crimes Involving Women and 3.1 CG 2.84
Children 1 E
CLE
3.     follows PSPG manual 2.9 CG 2.33
7 E
CLE
4.     upholds HPG Traffic Management and
2.8 CG 2.43
Investigation Manual
6 E
CLE
5.     supports CIDG investigation manual 2.9 CG 2.22
2 E
CLE
6.     backs Maritime Group Manual 2.9 CG 2.16
3 E
CLE
7.     implements PNP CL SOCO Manual 2.9 CG 2.03
3 E
CLE
8.     coordinates Inter – Agency Protocol for 2.7 CG 1.95
Explosives Related Incidents investigation 6 E

CLE
9.     decentralizes Functions of the Public
2.8 CG 1.96
Information Office
3 E
10.  follows Airport Security Operational Procedures CLE
 2.6 CG 1.83
8 E
2.9 CG 2.18 CLE
Composite Mean 1 E
Legend: 3.51 - 4.00= Highly Competent (HC); 2.51 - 3.50= Competent to a Great Extent (CGE); 1.51 - 2.50 = Competent to a Limited Extent
(CLE); 1.00 - 1.50= Not Competent (NC)

Table 7
Summary of Assessments on the Cognitive Level of the Junior Police Officers in
the NCR
Indicators JPOs SOs
WM VI WM VI
General Procedures 3.81 HC 2.64 CGE
Basic Procedures 3.71 HC 3.06 CGE
Special Procedures 3.84 HC 2.94 CGE
Miscellaneous Procedures 2.92 CGE 2.22 CLE
Composite Mean 3.57 HC 2.71 CGE
Legend: 3.51 - 4.00= Highly Competent (HC); 2.51 - 3.50= Competent to a Great Extent (CGE); 1.51 - 2.50 = Competent to a Limited Extent
(CLE); 1.00 - 1.50= Not Competent (NC)
Difference in Assessments on the Cognitive Level of the Junior Police Officers in
the NCR
Table 8
Difference in Assessments on the Cognitive Level of the Junior Police Officers in
the NCR
Indicators t-Test Sig. Decision Remarks
0.00 Significan
General Procedures
10.20 2 Reject Ho t
0.00 Significan
Basic Procedures
7.86 3 Reject Ho t
0.00 Significan
Special Procedures
11.00 2 Reject Ho t
0.00 Significan
Miscellaneous Procedures
6.54 3 Reject Ho t