LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

QUARTER 3/ 2nd SEMESTER/ WEEK 5 & 6

Name:__________________________________________ Score: ___

English for Academic and
Grade & Section _____________________Subject: Professional Purposes
______________

Name of Teacher: __________________________________Date: ________

I. Title: Techniques in Summarizing Text

II. Type of Activity: Concept notes with formative activities

LAS for summative assessment
( Written Work Performance Task)

III. MELC: Uses various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts

CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-4

IV. Learning Objective: By the end of the lesson the students learn to use various
techniques in summarizing texts.

V. Reference/s:
Print Material/s:
 EAPP Teacher’s Guide, Department of Education

Online Resource/s:
 https://www.slideshare.net/tinelachica04/eappparaphrasing-and-summarizing
 https://www.slideshare.net/lcslidepresentations/summarizing-paraphrasing-
synthesizing/ July 1, 2020

VI. Concept Notes with formative activities

Techniques in Summarizing Text

Before delving into the main topic, try to recall one specific memory that you
have. Try to go back to the happiest day of your life. What happened first on that
day? What was the most essential thing that transpired to you? Who were there and
how did it all happen?
Recalling facts from your memory is an easy thing to do. That’s one of the first
skills that you have learned even without any person teaching you. Your brain is
wired to recall information by storing it first in your short-term memory then saving all
the essential information in your long-term memory. The chances however of placing

1
everything in the long-term memory are minimal. Most information in your brains are
placed in the short-term memory. This is the reason why you tend to forget trivial
things that have no emotional connection to you.
In summarizing academic text, there is no need to store information in the
long-term memory. It’s only important for you to store information in your short-term
memory by organizing the relevant information, data, and facts presented by the text
so that you will be able to fully comprehend what the text is all about.
There exists a difference however when it comes to paraphrasing and
summarizing. Paraphrasing is restating text and giving it meaning in another form.
To paraphrase, you must repeatedly read the passage until you have completely
understood what it says. After which write your paraphrase without looking at the
original text. In order to avoid plagiarism, you must make sure to use your own words
and ideas in restating the text. Plagiarism is the act of presenting an information
created by others as your own. After writing your paraphrase, read the passage and
verify that you were able to capture all essential information and that you have not
misquoted or misunderstood the text.
Now that you know what paraphrasing is, differentiate it with summarizing
which refers to providing a shorter version of the text. Summary or a precis is a
synopsis or digest of the essence of an entire text. Like paraphrasing, the first step is
always reading the text. Indeed, you cannot provide a summary if you have not
learned it. The next step is to identify the main idea of the text that you are planning
to summarize. Make sure to summarize it from your own perspective as a reader.
Issues arise when the summary deviates from the original content because of bias,
however. In order to avoid this, you must be very objective in your summary and
focus only on what you have read. The use of transitional devices is also helpful in
writing a summary. This will not only indicate a mastery of your understanding, but it
will make it easier for the readers to understand your summary.
In writing the main idea, make sure to also include the supporting details of
that main idea. This is to make sure that the main idea gets discussed properly.
Supporting details come in the form of examples, analogies, stories, or even
drawings. Do not however focus too much in writing supporting details and thus
making your summary longer than what is necessary. Remember the rule of K.I.S.S.
Keep It Short and Simple.
In a nutshell then, to write a summary, you must eliminate unnecessary words
and repetitions, remove personal ideas and inferences, use transition words for a
smooth flow of ideas, then conclude with a “summing up sentence”. You can also
ask yourself the following guide questions:
1. Are all the important information in the summary?
2. Am I listing things out?
3. Am I saying the same things repeatedly?
4. Have I left out my personal views and ideas?
5. Does my summary make the text easier to understand?
6. Is my grammar, punctuation, and spelling correct?

2
 After writing your summary, make sure that your purpose is clear, you have
not plagiarized any part of your text, you do not misinterpret the original, the length of
your text is shorter, the style of writing is your own, and you acknowledge other
people’s work
What happens when you can write summaries of different text and you place
them into one single text? That is the process of synthesizing. Basically speaking,
when you synthesize you combine several texts into one, usually shorter, piece of
writing. After you have selected the sources you want to use, you need to use your
summary and paraphrasing skills to rewrite the information in your own words. The
information from all the sources need to fit together and form one continuous text.
The sources need to be acknowledged and properly referenced.
In writing your synthesis, you must organize the information you have from
summarizing the different text. You could give all the similar ideas in different text the
same number or color to help you group them together.
Hence, there are three techniques that you should have now learned:
paraphrasing, summarizing, and synthesizing. By mastering these techniques, you
do not only improve your ability to understand but also your ability to present
information.

Example
Technique in Paraphrasing
Technique Original Sentence Paraphrased Sentence
1. Change word for or Philippine news Philippine news cover
part of speech coverage is frequently events displaying
biased in favor of the government bias.
government.
2. Use synonyms A budget cut in the The decrease in
shows contrast, Department of Health pandemic preparedness
cause, or effect, resulted in a decrease in is due to a budget cut in
and substitute a pandemic preparedness. the Department of Health.
word or phrase that
conveys a similar
meaning.
3. Use synonyms of There was a resurgence At the beginning of 2020,
phrases and of the bubonic plague at the incidence of bubonic
words. the start of the decade. plague emerged again.
4. Change passive The entrance exam was Over one-third of the
voice to active failed by over one-third of applicants failed the
voice and move the applicants. entrance exam.
phrases and
modifiers.
5. Do not change Gamma rays consist of High energy photons
concept words, high energy photons that do not have mass or
special terms, or that have neither mass charge form Gamma
proper names. nor charge. rays.

3
4
 Summarizing Example
Original Text Summarized Text
A tornado is a powerful, twisting Tornadoes are frightening, powerful,
windstorm. It begins high in the air twisting windstorms sometimes called
among the winds of giant storm cloud. twisters or cyclones that start in giant
People who have watched a tornado’s storm clouds.
howling winds reach down from the sky
have said it’s the most frightening thing
they have ever seen. In some parts of
the country, these windstorms are
called twisters or cyclones.

Tornadoes are not only whirling Dust devils, hurricanes, and typhoons
windstorms that move through the also have twisting winds, but they are
earth’s air. Dust devils, hurricanes and different from tornadoes.
typhoons all have twisting winds. But
these windstorms differ from tornadoes
in important ways.

YOU CAN DO THIS

Task 1: Easy Paraphrase
Directions: Paraphrase the sentences and write your answers.
1. The student requested that the professor excuses her absence, but the
professor refused.
______________________________________________________________
2. There will be a music concert next to Vienna coffee shop. Would you like to
go?
______________________________________________________________
3. International Center is hosting English Conversation classes. They help
non-native speakers of English practice their English speaking skills.
______________________________________________________________
4. The office of International Students and Scholars (ISS) at Purdue University
is located in Schleman Hall.
______________________________________________________________
5. The car that was pulled over by the police officer yesterday just had an
accident. That driver is not careful.
______________________________________________________________

5
Task 2: Easy Summary
Directions: Summarize the given paragraph in not more than five sentences.
“Women entrepreneurs in the developing world often face challenges that limit their
chances for success and growth. They often have less access to education than
men and have difficulty getting financing on their own. But with an understanding of
the essential aspects of doing business – such as planning, financing, networking
and marketing – they can overcome those obstacles. That's where the 10,000
Women Initiative comes in. As Faiza Elmasry tells us, it's an investment in education
with dividends that benefit the businesswomen, their local communities and their
national economies.” (Goldman Sachs invests in Educating Women in Business,
Voice of America, voanews.com)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Task 3
Directions: Write down a summary of a story that you have read in the past.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

YOU CAN DO MORE

Task 4
Directions: Write down a summary of a movie that you have watched.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

6
Task 5: Summarizing Graphs
Directions: The chart below shows the number of men and women studying
engineering at Australian Universities.
Summarize the information in the chart by selecting and reporting the main features.
Make comparisons where relevant.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Task 6: Summarizing Paragraphs

Directions: Summarize the editorial into two or three paragraphs.
Arrest, detention, and bail under anti-terror law
By: Vicente V. Mendoza - @inquirerdotnet
Philippine Daily Inquirer / 05:10 AM July 05, 2020
A person can be arrested without warrant if he has committed or is attempting to
commit a crime in the presence of the arresting officer, or if he is reasonably
believed by the arresting officer to have committed such crime, or if he is a prisoner
who has escaped from confinement.

7
Such arrests can be made by a public officer or even by a private individual. A
person can also be arrested without a warrant if he is suffering from violent insanity
or other ailments requiring compulsory confinement in a hospital. The person
arrested must be delivered to the judicial authorities within certain periods not
exceeding 36 hours, depending on the nature of the penalty for the crime for which
the arrest is made.
Warrantless arrests were well established in common law at the time of the adoption
of the Constitution, and may well be considered an exception to its requirements that
no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause determined by a judge after
examining under oath or affirmation the complainant and his witnesses. They are
justified by the obvious necessity of having to take into custody a crime suspect
where there is no time to apply to a judge for a warrant.
The Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 changes the present law. Section 29 authorizes the
arrest and detention of suspected terrorists upon the authority of an administrative
body, the Anti-Terrorism Council (ATC), which is composed mostly of Cabinet
secretaries and other executive officials of the government. Although Section 29
does not say on what basis the ATC may authorize an arrest, it seems that it is on
the basis of affidavits submitted by government agents. The authority is necessary
before an arrest can be made, a fact which belies the need for making a warrantless
arrest.
On the other hand, Section 34 provides that an accused granted bail can travel only
“within the municipality or city where he/she resides or where the case is pending.” It
states that this restriction is “consistent with Article III, Section 6 of the Constitution,”
which provides that “the right to travel may be impaired in the interest of national
security, public safety, or public health.”
The restrictions in the Constitution, like travel bans to countries because of civil war,
are clearly for the protection of the public. But the restrictions in Section 34 are
curtailments of the liberty of the accused. They encumber the right to bail by
increasing the conditions provided in the Rules of Court for the grant of bail.
Detention for up to 24 days seems to me reasonable given the number of terrorist
suspects who may have to be arrested. In Laurel v. Misa, 77 Phil. 856 (1946), the
number of treason indices after the last war, 6,000 in all, was simply staggering; the
Supreme Court upheld their detention up to six months.
But the attempt in Sections 29 and 34 to straddle the requirements for warrants of
arrest under the Constitution and warrantless arrests under the Rules of Court, has
only resulted in producing grotesque provisions that are unconstitutional.
Indeed, these provisions in fact amend the Rules of Court promulgated by the
Supreme Court, which cannot be done because under the Constitution, Congress no
longer has the power to repeal, alter, or supplement the Rules of Court.
During the deliberation on the anti-terrorism bill, critics were told that if they were not
guilty they should have no fear. Law-abiding citizens fear, however, that in the war
against terrorism, constitutional rights will be curtailed more than it is necessary.

8
They want an anti-terrorism law that on its face shows that the Constitution still
reigns as the supreme law.
***
Vicente V. Mendoza is a retired associate justice of the Supreme Court.

Read more: https://opinion.inquirer.net/131446/arrest-detention-and-bail-under-anti-
terror-law#ixzz6RlQo67Hb

Answer:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

CHALLENGE YOURSELF
Task 7: Writing a synthesis
Directions: Research on a news article highlighting the pros and cons of the Anti-
Terrorism Law. Write a synthesis of the news articles.
News Article title 1: ______________
Author: _______________________
Date published: ________________
Synthesis: The Pros and Cons of the Anti-Terrorism Law
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

9
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Task 8: Writing a synthesis

Directions: Research on a news article on COVID 19. Write a synthesis of the news
articles.

News Article title 2: ______________

Author: _______________________
Date published: ________________

Synthesis: COVID 19
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

Task 9: Paraphrasing
Directions: Paraphrase five common English quotations. Write your answers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

10
LEVEL UP
Task 10:
Just as a story can be summarized, so can song lyrics–as long as the song tells a
story.
Step 1: Choose a song that tells a story, and copy the lyrics from the Internet.
Step 2: Read the lyrics and look for the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Step 3: Listen to the song.
Step 4: Summarize the story.

Task 11: Summarizing

Directions: Read the latest DOH Update on Covid-19 and summarize it in one
paragraph.

Task 12: Synthesizing a Case

Directions: Read (G.R. No. L-10010 August 1, 1916) CHU JAN, Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs. LUCIO BERNAS, Defendant-Appellant. Write down a short synthesis.

11