WEEK 3 EAPP Summarizing and Paraphrasing

SUMMARIZING AND PARAPHRASING
LESSONS 6
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Read the specific directions carefully before answering the exercises and activities.
Accomplish this module on or before SEPTEMBER 25/OCTOBER 2, 2020. For online consultations, please
refer to the given schedule.
ESSENTIAL LEARNING PURPOSES: At the end of these lessons, I am expected to:

1. identify the methods in writing a good summary;
2. use various techniques in summarizing
3. paraphrase an academic text using your own words.
What do I
need to
know?
Before going further, let us see if you can answer this exercise. I know you can do it! This will
help you to determine your prior knowledge about this topic. Good luck!
Read the following abstract and underline the keywords that do not appropriately describe it.
What I
know?
REVIEW
Guide Questions:
1. Why is it important to learn how to summarize?
2. When writing a summary, how important are keywords in describing its content?
3. How does one decide which ideas should be included in a summary?
SUMMARY AND PARAPHRASE
HOLY TRINITY COLLEGE OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY | SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM 51
MODULE IN ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
APPLIED SUBJECT ABM, HUMSS, STEM, & TVL
Summaries are shortened versions of long and complicated texts. They
are useful for several reasons: they help you focus on the main idea,
enabling you to identify key points and glossing over less important ones.
When you summarize, you are able to combine the key points that support
the main idea.
Lesson Intro
WHAT’S NEW
Often when we hear news stories and watch television shows, we want to tell our families,
friends, and colleagues about what, how, and why something happened. In fact, we recount the story, its main
characters, and events in our own words. This technique is called paraphrasing, which is to express an idea or
somebody’s message in our own words, by maintaining the meaning of the original material. Paraphrase is a Greek
word, paraphrasis, which means “to tell in other words.” Simply, it is to restate a statement in different words than
the original text, while keeping the meaning and sense of the original source the same.
Both summarizing and paraphrasing use similar actions by involving almost the same processes. However,
their objectives are different. Summary aims at condensing the original source into a shorter form. Paraphrase has
no concern with length, but is a rewording or restating or the original source in different words, keeping the length
or word count almost the same.
What is a SUMMARY?
A summary teaches students how to discern the most important ideas in a text, how to ignore
WHAT IS IT?
irrelevant information, and how to integrate the central ideas in a meaningful way. Teaching
students to summarize improves their memory for what is read. Summarization strategies can be
used in almost every content area.
A summary is condensed, or shortened, retelling of a longer work (this can be a movie, book, play, long poem,
and so forth). Summaries are meant to be short--the purpose is to communicate the basic idea of the piece and the
relevant details.
Why use summarizing?
 It helps students learn to determine essential ideas and consolidate important details that support them.
 It enables students to focus on key words and phrases of an assigned text that are worth noting and
remembering.
 It teaches students how to take a large selection of text and reduce it to the main points for more concise
understanding.
Original
So how do you go about identifying your strengths and weaknesses, and analyzing the opportunities and
threats that flow from them? SWOT Analysis is a useful technique that helps you to do this.
What makes SWOT especially powerful is that, with a little thought, it can help you to uncover
opportunities that you would not otherwise have spotted. And by understanding your weaknesses, you can
manage and eliminate threats that might otherwise hurt your ability to move forward in your role.
If you look at yourself using the SWOT framework, you can start to separate yourself from your peers, and
further develop the specialized talents and abilities that you need in order to advance your career and to
help you achieve your personal goals.
Summary
SWOT Analysis is a technique that helps you identify strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats.
KINDS OF SUMMARY
1. Descriptive Summary
This summary is basically a list of topics without details and can serve as a quick reference to the
subject matter discussed in the literature. Imagine subject catalogs you might see in some libraries but
written in complete sentences. Descriptive summaries can also be found in annotated bibliographies.
Example:
This manual aims to assist first-time users of the PIXMa Printer. It presents state-of-the-art technology that
may be applied in diverse situations and focuses on solutions to practical problems in printing and troubleshooting.
The information in this manual is presented in both matrix and text form. The matrices explain the process. The
text provides answers to commonly asked questions.
2. Informative Summary
Compared to a descriptive summary, an informative summary is longer as it gives context to the
realization of the study. It provides the background of the problem and the methods used to address the
problem. As its name suggests, this kind of summary may also give a glimpse of the document’s merits
and limits. A page is enough to write an informative summary.
Example:
When people declare themselves independent of their political ties, they should give reasons.
Governments are formed to protect equality and rights, including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. If
government does not do this, people can change the government.
The following paragraph is a summary of the original source below written by a student as
part of a report on the dietary habits of Australian adolescents. Compare the student's
summary to the original text and answer the question.
Is the student’s summary a good summarising example?
What is a PARAPHRASE?
A paraphrase is a restatement of a text in another form or other words, often to simplify or clarify meaning. In the
simplest terms, paraphrasing is altering the wording used by someone else into your own words. The way that this is
achieved is by rewriting the text with completely different words and phrases whilst keeping the original meaning
intact.
Original
Despite the undoubted fact that everyone's vision of what constitutes success is different, one should spend one's
time establishing and finalizing one's personal vision of it. Otherwise, how can you possibly understand what your
final destination might be, or whether or not your decisions are assisting you in moving in the direction of the goals
which you've set yourself?
The two kinds of statement – mission andMODULE
vision – IN
canENGLISH
be invaluable to your approach,
FOR ACADEMIC aiding you, asPURPOSES
AND PROFESSIONAL they do, in
focusing on your primary goal, and quickly identifying possibilities that you
APPLIED might wish
SUBJECT ABM,toHUMSS,
exploit and explore.
STEM, & TVL
Paraphrase
We all have different ideas about success. What's important is that you spend time defining your version of
success. That way, you'll understand what you should be working toward. You'll also know if your decisions are
Use Paraphrasing…
 As another option to quoting.

 To rewrite someone else's ideas without changing the meaning.
 To express someone else's ideas in your own words.
 To support claims in your writing.
Steps to Effective Paraphrasing
1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.
2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.
3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At
the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.
4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential
information in a new form.
5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the
source.
6. Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to
incorporate the material into your paper.
Compare this direct quote, which comes from an article in The New York Times discussing the relocation and
redevelopment of a train station in New York City, with an effective paraphrase in the right column:
Take note of these good practices!
 The paraphrase reflects the same ideas as the original quote, but is in its own words and writing style.
 The term “underground purgatory” is placed in quotes, as it is a unique phrase used in the original quote.
 There is a parenthetical citation, citing the source of the idea.
Compare the original quote with this poorly-written paraphrase:
Take note of these mistakes!
 The paraphrase has a very similar sentence structure to the original quote; it essentially has a few
different words from the original quote and does not flow well.
 The term “civic hub” is not in quotes (it should be, as it is a unique phrase used in the original quote).
 There is no citation crediting the source of the idea.
The paragraph below is a paraphrase written by a student. Its aim is to support one of the key contentions in their
essay on learning motivation among older students studying off campus. Compare the student’s paraphrase to the
original text and answer the following question.
Is the student’s paraphrase a bad paraphrasing example?
is an example of both a paraphrase and a summary of a certain passage.
The original passage:

Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in
the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly
quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source
materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed., 1976, pp. 46-47.
A legitimate paraphrase:
In research papers, students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a
desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the
material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).
An acceptable summary:
Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of
quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which one of the following is NOT a part of a summary?

A. using your own words B. summary being shorter than the text
C. exact words from the text D. including main ideas only
2. Tomorrow is Jill's birthday. She is excited because she gets to pick where she will eat dinner. Will it be
Mexican food at the Big Enchilada House? Or will it be fried chicken at the Chicken Shack, or a big
cheeseburger at Al's Hamburger Palace. She just couldn't decide. Then there was always the Pizza Shop
with that great peppe roni pizza. How would she ever decide? Maybe she would just flip a coin.
The Summary of this passage is:
A. Jill has many restaurants to choose from for her birthday.

B. Jill loves Mexican food.
C. The Pizza Shop has the best pizza in town.
D. Jill will choose a place by flipping a coin.
3. San Francisco is located on the coast of California in an area often called the Bay Area. The weather is
generally very mild, seldom getting really cold or really hot. Its mild climate is one reason many people live
there. It seldom snows in San Francisco and generally does not get below freezing during the winter. Even in
the middle of summer, temperatures may be in the mid 80s with a cool breeze from the bay keeping the
weather very comfortable.
The Summary of this passage is:
A. San Francisco has many neat things to do.

B. It seldom snows in California.
C. Many people choose to live in California.
D. The weather in San Francisco is generally very mild.
4. A summary includes the following

A. central idea and supporting details
B. opinions, background, direct quotes from the text, PEEL
C. central idea, supporting details, and text evidence
D. the point, evidence, explanation and link
5. Your summary should

A. should be just a word or two
B. be in complete sentences, in your own words and should cover the central idea and supporting details
C. complete sentences, including text evidence and should cover central idea and supporting details
D. complete sentences, cover central idea and supporting details, in your own words
6. Match the correct endings to make a definition of the 2 words

A) To paraphrase means…
B) To summarise means…
 …to express someone else's ideas in your own words.
 …to express only the most important points of someone else's words.
7. Look at the following extracts from reading texts. Match them to paraphrased sentences which have the
same meaning.
1. Keeping your house cool or warm, driving cars and making things in factories all pollute the
atmosphere.
2. This affects the world weather and makes it difficult for animals to find food and fresh water.
3. Humans take away animal’s homes and their food by farming, when they cut down trees for wood,
and when they look for oil.
a. When the weather changes, animals can’t find water & food easily.
b. Pollution comes from cars, factories, heating & air conditioning.
c. Cutting down trees and looking for oil damages animals’ homes & takes away their food.
A. Read this section of an article and choose which option from the answers below best
summarises it.
Which of the following best summarises the original paragraph?
On a separate piece of paper, write a paraphrase of each of the following passages. Try not to
look back at the original passage.
1. "The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat,
and it exerts tremendous control on our climate," [Jacques] Cousteau told the camera. "The cold
ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwellings help to
cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by
human activity." From "Captain Cousteau," Audubon (May 1990):17.
2. The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the law was a bad joke because everyone
knew of a local bar where liquor could be had. They were the years when organized crime ruled the cities, and the
police seemed powerless to do anything against it. Classical music was forgotten while jazz spread throughout the
land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie became the heroes of the young. The
flapper was born in the twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more than
anyone or anything else, America's break with the past. From Kathleen Yancey, English 102 Supplemental Guide
(1989): 25.
3. Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed
are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85
percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. From "Bike Helmets: Unused
Lifesavers," Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348.
4. Matisse is the best painter ever at putting the viewer at the scene. He's the most realistic of all modern artists, if
you admit the feel of the breeze as necessary to a landscape and the smell of oranges as essential to a still life. "The
Casbah Gate" depicts the well-known gateway Bab el Aassa, which pierces the southern wall of the city near the
sultan's palace. With scrubby coats of ivory, aqua, blue, and rose delicately fenced by the liveliest gray outline in
art history, Matisse gets the essence of a Tangier afternoon, including the subtle presence of the bowaab, the sentry
who sits and surveys those who pass through the gate. From Peter Plagens, "Bright Lights." Newsweek (26 March
1990): 50.
5. While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, it's unlikely that
architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world's tallest building. The question is: Just how high
can a building go? Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high,
twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-
story building. From Ron Bachman, "Reaching for the Sky." Dial (May 1990): 15.
Explorer! Please take time to watch the following videos and exercise link attached in this
section before you proceed to the next lesson. For now, you may take your break.
LINKS:
1. https://keystoliteracy.com/wp-content/pdfs/5b-wkshp-templates/how-to-write-a-summary.pdf
2. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-paraphrasing-definition-examples-quiz.html
3. https://owl.excelsior.edu/research/drafting-and-integrating/drafting-and-integrating-
paraphrasing-activity/
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJ9DOE91oiw
ENHANCE ENGLISH ENGAGEMENT

English for Academic and Professional Purposes
(Mishima Z. Miciano/Remedios Z. Miciano)
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

AND SKILLS AND STRATEGIES FOR ACADEMIC DISCOURSE 1st edition
(Lorna A. Billanes, Ph.D)

WEEK 3 EAPP Summarizing and Paraphrasing

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SUMMARIZING AND PARAPHRASING

ESSENTIAL LEARNING PURPOSES: At the end of these lessons, I am expected to:

SUMMARY AND PARAPHRASE

Why use summarizing?

 As another option to quoting.

Steps to Effective Paraphrasing

Compare the original quote with this poorly-written paraphrase:

Is the student’s paraphrase a bad paraphrasing example?

The original passage:

Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which one of the following is NOT a part of a summary?

A. Jill has many restaurants to choose from for her birthday.

A. San Francisco has many neat things to do.

4. A summary includes the following

5. Your summary should

6. Match the correct endings to make a definition of the 2 words

ENHANCE ENGLISH ENGAGEMENT

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

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