WEEK 2 EAPP Outlining and Main Idea

OUTLINING
LESSONS 4
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Read the specific directions carefully before answering the exercises and activities.
Accomplish this module on or before SEPTEMBER 19/26, 2020. For online consultations, please refer to the
given schedule.
ESSENTIAL LEARNING PURPOSES: At the end of these lessons, I am expected to:
1. Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information needed;

2. Identify the steps in constructing an outline;
What do I 3. Construct a topic outline and a sentence outline.
need to
know?
Before going further, let us see if you can answer this exercise. I know you can do it! This will
help you to determine your prior knowledge about this topic. Good luck!
Think-Pair-Share: Fill in the necessary information in the partially completed outline below.
Teenage Pregnancy
What I know?
REVIEW Thesis statement: The alarming incidents of teenage pregnancy in
the country call for concerted efforts from parents, educators, and
legislators.
I. Introduction: The rate of teenage pregnancy—in the country and the rest
of the world—is on the rise.
A. Background
B. Statistics
II. Body
A. Causes of teenage pregnancy
1. ____________________________
2. Lack of sex education
3. Alcohol and drug abuse
4. Lack of parental supervision
B. Effects of teenage pregnancy
1. On the young parents
2. ______________________________
III. Conclusion
A. As a social problem
B. _____________________________
Guide Questions:
1. Why is it important to learn how to outline correctly?
HOLY TRINITY COLLEGE OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY | SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM 26
MODULE IN ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
APPLIED SUBJECT ABM, HUMSS, STEM, & TVL
2. How does effective outlining enhance your understanding of the academic text?
3. How do you decide which ideas to include in an outline?
OUTLINING
An outline is a condensed version of an academic text in a linear, structured format. As an

academic writing strategy, it aids both the writer and the readers in identifying the key ideas in the
text, simplifying the task of reading a longer, more complicated text. Writers have the choice of
starting their composition with a tentative outline, or “clinching” the completed writing task by
writing an outline based on it.
Read the sample outline titled “The Many Faces of Clinical Depression” and note how the individual parts helped
explain the topic.
Title: The Many Faces of Clinical Depression

Thesis Statement: Clinical depression is a complex medical problem that
requires immediate intervention involving medical practitioners, support
groups, and the victim’s family.
I. Definition of Depression
A. From a medical perspective
B. From a spiritual standpoint
II. Symptoms of Depression

A. Physical manifestations
1. refusal to engage in activities previously enjoyed
2. intense fear of something (strange creatures, darkness, solitude)
3. destructive behavior
4. inability to sleep
B. Psychological symptoms
1. distorted self-image
2. suicidal ideation
III. Causes of Depression

A. Genetic
B. Physiological
C. Psycho-social
D. Drug abuse
IV. Treatment for Depression

A. Intervention
B. In-depth conversation with family and friends
C. Spiritual counseling
D. Hospitalization
In the sample outline just read, note how the parts are interrelated with each other and how each heading is
explained by the details in the subheading. Notice too, how the holistic structure is achieved through the individual
headings that validate and contribute to the thesis statement.
What is OUTLINE?
An outline is a tool used to organize written ideas about a topic or thesis into a logical
order. Outlines arrange major topics, subtopics, and supporting details. Writers
WHAT IS IT? use outlines when writing their papers to know which topic to cover in what order. Outlines for
papers can be very general or very detailed.
TYPES OF OUTLINE
A. Topic Outline
A topic outline is characterized by a systematic list of topics and subtopics written in words or
fragments.
Title: Another Look at Global Warming
Thesis Statement: Global warming is a phenomenon whose causes have a

human dimension.
I. Causes of global warming

A. The harmful effects of greenhouse gas emission
1. The hazards of burning of coal and fossil fuels
2. Human activities that contribute to global warming
B. Sentence Outline
A sentence outline is structured in such a way that both the heading and
the subheadings are written in complete sentences. Like other outlines, it is preceded by a debatable thesis
statement which gives it direction.
Title: Learning the Constructivist Way
Thesis Statement: Because students learn in different ways, educators should respond to
students’ varied needs using the constructivist learning theory.
I. The constructivist learning theory argues that students are not empty receptacles
to be stuffed with information.
A. Students learn in different ways.

1. Alternative assessment methods should be considered to meet
students’ needs.
2. Different avenues for tapping students’ potential should be made
available to them.
CARDINAL RULES IN OUTLINING
1. Observe parallelism. Make the ideas in your heading and subheading consistent. If you used a verb in the first
heading, the second subheading should also be a verb.
Example (Noun used as heading):

I. Causes of Anorexia Nervosa
II. Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Example (Gerund/Verb used as heading):

I. Tracing the Cause of Anorexia Nervosa
II. Finding a Cure for Anorexia Nervosa
2. Include general ideas in your heading. For your subheadings, use specific
ideas.
Example:
I. Tracing the Extent of Facebook’s Popularity in the Philippines
a. Among Digital Natives
b. Among Digital Immigrants
3. Expand your heading into more than one idea.
Example:
I. The many uses of Facebook
a. As an educational tool
i. As a means of expanding social network
b. As a business strategy
Short Quiz Before going further, let us see if you can answer this exercise. I know you can do
WHAT’S it! This will help you to determine your prior knowledge about this topic. Good luck!
MORE?
A. Read each paragraph. Then fill in the blanks in the outlines that follow.
1. What makes an effective leader? To be sure, no one characteristic or trait defines an

effective leader. It is true, however, that effective leaders get the most out of
employees or group members by holding them to very high standards or expectations.
Setting high standards increases productivity because people tend to live up to the
expectations set for them by superiors. This is an example of the Pygmalion effect,
which works in a subtle, often unconscious way. When a managerial leader believes
that a group member will succeed, the manager communicates this belief without
realizing that he or she is doing so. Conversely, when a leader expects a group
member to fail, that person will not usually disappoint the manager. The manager’s
expectation of success or failure becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Thus it pays for a
manager to expect the best from employees. (Adapted from Andrew J. DuBrin,
Leadership 4/e, Cengage Learning.)
Main Idea: Effective leaders encourage a high level of performance by expecting the best from their
employees.
Support: 1. People are likely to live up to a manager's or superior's expectations.

2. Called the “Pygmalion effect” i.e. expect the best and you'll get it.
3. ____________________________________________________________
--leader who expects the best gets high achievement
--leader who doesn't expect much gets low achievement
--________________________________________________________
--pays for leaders to expect the best
2. Despite its rapid spread, Islam is not a religion for those who are casual about
regulations. On the contrary, adhering to the rules of Islam takes effort and discipline.
One must rise before dawn to observe the first of five prayers required daily, none of
which can take place without first cleansing oneself according to an established ritual
or ceremony. Sleep, work, and recreational activities take second place to prayer.
Fasting for the month of Ramadan,† undertaking the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once
in a lifetime, paying tax for relief of the Muslim poor, and accepting Islam’s creed
require a serious and an energetic commitment. On the whole, the vast majority of
Muslims worldwide do observe those tenets.* (Adapted from Jan Goodwin, Price of
Honor, Plume Books, 2002 p. 29.)
Main Idea: Practitioners of Islam need to be willing to make a lot of effort to follow the rules of their
faith.
Support: 1. Get up before dawn, perform ritualized cleansing and say the first of five daily prayers.
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. Fasting for the month of Ramadan.
4. ________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________
6. Accepting Islamic beliefs.
B. Expand the headings below using 3 or more subheadings:
Outline 1
Title: Personal Independence in the Millennial Age
Thesis statement: Being independent entails liberties and freedoms

coupled with restrictive duties that should be the guiding principle of
millennials.
I. The Advantages of Being Independent
A. _________________________________________
_________________________________________
B. _________________________________________
_________________________________________
C. _________________________________________
_________________________________________
D. _________________________________________
_________________________________________
Outline 2
Title: The New Face of Facebook
Thesis statement: Facebook has gone beyond its traditional use and
must be regarded by educators as a useful educational tool.
I. The Future of Facebook
A. _________________________________________
_________________________________________
B. _________________________________________
_________________________________________
C. _________________________________________
_________________________________________
D. _________________________________________
_________________________________________
Read the paragraphs. Make an outline by answering the questions. Complete the given
format below.
WHAT I CAN DO?
I. What is the first paragraph about?
A. How do the farmers now raise their crops?
B. What do they put on the plants?
1. What chemical do they use?
2.
3.
II. What is the second paragraph about?
A. What effects do the chemicals have on plants?
B.
I. Participating in the Clean and Green Project

A. Keeping the surroundings clean and orderly
1. __________
2. __________
3. __________
B. Tending the school garden
1. __________
2. __________
3. Watering the plants.
Now, let us check your progress. Being guided with the attached rubrics, accomplish the
activity in this section of the module.
Read the text titled “Teen Pregnancy in the Philippines: Rising and Alarming” found in
the link:
ASSESSMENT
http://philrights.org/teen-pregnancy-in-ph-rising-and-alarming/
Write a sentence outline based on it.
Read the paragraphs and make an outline.
ENRICHME
NT
To help you understand outlines and outlining better, access these links:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/01/#resourcenav
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/03/
http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/outlining
NEXT LESSON: Main Ideas
ENHANCE ENGLISH ENGAGEMENT

English for Academic and Professional Purposes
(Mishima Z. Miciano/Remedios Z. Miciano)
REFERENCES ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

AND SKILLS AND STRATEGIES FOR ACADEMIC DISCOURSE 1st edition
(Lorna A. Billanes, Ph.D)
STATING MAIN IDEA OF A TEXT
LESSONS 5
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Read the specific directions carefully before answering the exercises and activities.
Accomplish this module on or before SEPTEMBER 19/26, 2020. For online consultations, please refer to the
given schedule.
ESSENTIAL LEARNING PURPOSES: At the end of these lessons, I am expected to:

1. Define what is main idea and its kinds, if implicit or explicit;
2. Identify main idea of texts, if expressed;
3. Express main ideas in my own words;
What do I 4. Assist others in understanding a learning material.
need to
know?
Before proceeding to the next topic, warm your brain through this activity.
Answer the circles.
What I
know? HOLY TRINITY COLLEGE OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY | SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM 34
REVIEW MODULE IN ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
MAIN IDEA OF A TEXT
Understanding the topic, the gist, or the larger conceptual framework of a textbook

chapter, an article, a paragraph, a sentence or a passage is a sophisticated reading task. Being
able to draw conclusions, evaluate, and critically interpret articles or chapters is important for
overall comprehension in college reading. Textbook chapters, articles, paragraphs, sentences, or
Lesson Intro passages all have topics and main ideas. The topic is the broad, general theme or message.
WHAT’S NEW It is what some call the subject. The main idea is the "key concept" being
expressed. Details, major and minor, support the main idea by telling how, what, when,
where, why, how much, or how many. Locating the topic, main idea, and supporting details
helps you understand the point(s) the writer is attempting to express. Identifying the relationship between these
will increase your comprehension .
The successful communication of any author's topic is only as good as the organization the author uses
to build and define his/her subject matter.
WHAT IS MAIN IDEA and SUPPORTING DETAILS?
The main idea is the central point or thought the author wants to communicate to
readers. The main idea answers the question, “What does the author want me to know about
the topic?” or “What is the author teaching me?” Often the author states the main idea in a
single sentence. In paragraphs, a stated main idea is called the topic sentence. In an article, the stated main idea is
called the thesis statement. When the author does not state the main idea directly, it is called an implied main idea.
An implied main idea requires you to look at the specific statements in the paragraph and consider what idea they
suggest.
Why is identifying the main idea important?
Finding the main idea is a key to understanding what you read. The main idea ties all of the sentences in
the paragraph or article together. Once you identify the main idea, everything else in the reading should click into
place. The rest of the reading is the evidence provided to support that main idea.
Where are the main ideas found?
It is easy to identify a main idea that is directly expressed in the text. Main ideas are often found at the
beginning of paragraphs. The first sentence often explains the subject being discussed in the passage.
Main ideas are also found in the concluding sentences of a paragraph. The main idea can be expressed as a
summation of the information in the paragraph as well as a link to the information in the next paragraph.
The main idea is not always clearly stated. It is more difficult to identify a main idea when it is inferred or
implied. It can be implied through other words in the paragraph. An implied main idea can be found in several
ways. Several sentences in a paragraph can imply the main idea by introducing facts about the topic before actually
stating the topic. Implied ideas can be drawn from facts, reasons, or examples that give hints or suggestions
concerning the main idea. These hints will be clues leading you to discover the main idea in the selected text.
With STATED MAIN IDEA, you can prove your answer by going directly to the passage to check it. Your
answer is clearly stated in the passage and should be easy to find. Questions on stated main idea are based on what
is written exactly or stated in the passage itself. For these questions, you go directly to the reading and look for the
information. In other words, prove it!
Example: There are many different ways to make a friend. One way to make a friend is to be a friend. If
someone needs you, be there. Second, remember that everyone is a different person. Respect the way other people
are and get to know them. They will respect you and want to get to know you too. Another thing you can do is
always to be kind to everyone. You’d be surprised how many great friends are waiting for you.
If the main idea is not stated, then it is implied. The IMPLIED MAIN IDEA is not stated, it is only
suggested. There is not a topic sentence, so you need to be a good detective. Pay attention to the details and put
them together with your own knowledge to determine the main idea. This is called drawing an inference. You draw
an inference to find the implied main idea.
Example: Miguel got an “F” on his history test. He only completed 30% of the classwork, and 0% of his
homework. When the teacher called Miguel’s father, Miguel was grounded for a month. He had to bring his books
home every night and sit at the kitchen table to study.
A. Read all the passage and find the main idea. Fill in the chart given.
Tim Burton is living proof that it is possible to have a successful career if you choose to
follow your passions. Hailed today as a creative and innovative film director, as a child, Burton was
fascinated by classic horror films. He taught himself to draw, and eventually earned a degree in
animation at the California Institute of the Arts. His first job after college was as an apprentice
animator for Disney, but he left after only a year, preferring to pursue his own artistic vision. His
first successful film was the award-winning short Vincent, which paid homage to his childhood
hero, screen villain Vincent Price. Many commercially successful films followed, and after two
decades, because of his unique vision - a quirky blend of fantasy and horror - Burton has
something of a cult following. In addition to his films, over 700 of Burton’s drawings, paintings, and
other artwork have been exhibited at New York City's Museum of Modern Art.
MAIN IDEA
B. What is the main idea of the excerpt below. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. Could you be a record setter? If you want to be in the Guinness Book of World Records, you will need to
do something better than anyone else in the world. First, read all of the current records. Decide if you will
try to break an existing record or set a new one. Write to Guinness Records to get the guidelines. Keep
careful notes on your record attempts. Two reliable persons or organizations must act as witnesses. Each
record attempt must be recorded on videotape. If you think you can do it, give it a try!
a. First, read all of the current records.

b. If you want to be in the Guinness Book of World Records, you will need to do something better
than anyone else.
c. Decide if you will try to break an existing record or set a new one.
d. Could you be a record setter?
2. Darrell was not so certain about his own future. The days ahead stretched out before him like a dark road
filled with dangerous shadows. It would be like the summer Mom sent him to a camp for inner city kids.
The camp director promised Darrell and his mother that he would experience adventures in the outdoors
away from the dangers of the city. What Darrell ended up experiencing was torment from a kid who
wanted nothing more than to make anyone weaker than him feel as miserable as possible.
a. Darrell’s bad memories of camp make him think things wouldn’t be fine.
b. one summer, Darrell’s mother sent him to a camp outdoors for city kids.
c. the camp director’s promises did not come true.
d. Darrell was looking forward to moving.
3. Frogs and toads have some things in common. They are both amphibians. That means they live on land
and in water at different times in their lives. Both lay their eggs in water. They also have the same eating
habits and eat insects with their long sticky tongues.
On the other hand, they are different in many ways. As adults, frogs spend most of the time in water, while
toads prefer land. Frogs have smooth skin and slim bodies with long back legs. Toads have rough skin and
plump bodies with short back legs.
a. how different amphibians are

b. how frogs live
c. how frogs and toads are different
d. similarities and differences between frogs and toads
4. The raisin business in America was born by accident. It happened in 1873 in the San Joaquin Valley of
California. Many farmers raised grapes in this valley. That year, just before the grape harvest, there was a
heat wave. It was one of the worst heat waves ever known. It was so hot the grapes dried on the vines.
When they were picked, California had its first raisin crop.
People were surprised to find how good raisins were. Everybody wanted more. So the San Joaquin farmers
went into the raisin business. Today, of course, they do not let the grapes dry on the vines. They treat them
with much more care.
In late August the grapes start to ripen. They are tested often for sweetness. The growers wait until the
sugar content is twenty-one percent. Then they know the grapes are ripe enough to be picked.
Skilled workers come to the vineyards. They pick the bunches of grapes by hand. The workers fill their flat
pans with grapes. They gently empty the pans onto squares of paper. These squares lie between the long
rows of vines. They sit in the sun.
Here the grapes stay while the sun does its work. It may take two weeks or longer. The grapes are first
dried on one side. When they have reached the right color, they are turned to dry on the other side. The
grapes are dried until only fifteen percent of the moisture is left. Then they have turned into raisins.
The raisins are rolled up in the paper on which they have dried. Trucks take them from the fields. They are
poured into big boxes called sweatboxes. Each box holds one hundred and sixty pounds of raisins. Here,
any raisins that are a bit too dry take moisture from those that have a bit too much. After a while they are
all just moist enough.
The big boxes are trucked next to the packaging plant. They are emptied onto a conveyor belt that shakes
the raisins gently. This knocks them from their stems. A blast of air whisks the stems away. The water bath
is next. Then the plump brown raisins have a last inspection. They are again checked for moisture and
sugar. Then they go on a belt to packing machines. Here they are poured into packages, which are
automatically weighed and sealed. The raisins are now ready for market.
1. The process of raisin development requires multiple steps.

2. California has been the leader in American raisin development.
3. Raisins on the grocery store shelf undergo a brief fermentation process.
5. The fact that electronic computers are now used for data processing has led the general public to believe
that it is a mysterious, complicated science and that the computers are giant brains. Both of these ideas are
false. A computer is basically just a high-speed adding machine that performs the functions it is told to. If
the input data are varied even a little, the computer is unable to operate until it is programmed to accept the
variations. The business operations it performs are impressive only because of the extremely high speed of
manipulation, but most of these operations have been used for decades. Unlike man, the computer
performs repetitive calculations without getting tired or bored.
a. A computer is a high-speed adding machine.

b. A computer is a mysterious giant brain.
c. A computer is impressive because of its high speed.
d. A computer is superior to man in many ways.
C. Read the passage. Then read each question about the passage. Choose the best answer to each question.
Mark the letter for the answer you have chosen.
D-Day
The D-Day invasion was an important event during World War II that made a big difference in the outcome
of the war. That event occurred on June 6, 1944. On that day the Allied forces crossed the English Channel and
attacked the German forces on the northern coast of France. The forces made this surprise landing on open beaches
in the French region of Normandy.
The D-Day invasion required great planning. England, Canada, and the United States brought together
some 3 million soldiers and 16 million tons of supplies in Great Britain. The Allies had 5,000 large ships, 4,000
small craft, and over 11,000 airplanes.
Months before the D-Day invasion, Allied planes bombed the Normandy coast to prevent Germans from
taking over in the area. Allied soldiers cut rail lines, blew up bridges, and took control of landing strips to prepare
for the invasion.
During the night of June 5, troops, jeeps, and even small tanks were brought in on gliders and warships.
Beginning at 6:30 A.M. on June 6, German groups of soldiers on the coast were attacked by shells from Allied
warships. All was ready for the largest land invasion in recent history—D-Day
1. The main idea of the article is that—
A. 3 million men fought.

B. the D-Day invasion took planning.
C. bridges were blown up.
D. the D-Day invasion was June 6, 1944.
2. A detail that supports the main idea is that—
A. 11,000 planes were used.

B. Germans built up their forces.
C. Britain was attacked.
D. it happened in Normandy
3. A detail that does not support the main idea is that—
A. rail lines were cut.

B. 5,000 ships were used.
C. bridges were blown up.
D. Normandy is in France.
4. A valid generalization you could make about the last paragraph is that—
A. few warships were needed.

B. all the troops, jeeps, and tanks were loaded on the morning of June 6.
C. gliders and warships were important to the D-Day invasion.
D. the D-Day invasion occurred on June 6, 1944.
5. A generalization you could make about the D-Day invasion is that—
A. Germany was the enemy.

B. Canada was in the war.
C. many people took part in the invasion.
D. the invasion was in June.
After reading the paragraph, write a sentence stating the main idea.
Paragraph 1
It has been said that to feel well, you must eat well. That is true, but you also need to get adequate amounts
of exercise. The combination of a nutritious diet and an exercise program is the best thing you can do for yourself
and those that love you. With a proper diet, you will more easily
maintain the proper weight and get the nutrients your body needs to function properly. Add exercise to the mix,
and maintaining the proper weight becomes easier. A proper diet consists of fresh foods that are low in fat and
sugar, high in fiber, and includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. This type of diet will help you ward off
diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and many forms of cancer. By adding exercise, you are keeping
your heart healthy and your joints functioning properly, which also helps ward off the same diseases as well as
arthritis. Recent studies have also shown that proper diet and exercise helps keep people mentally fit also by
lowering the risk of a stroke and even lowering your risk for developing Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia.
So as you can see, proper diet and adequate exercise may just be the key to helping you live longer and healthier.
The main idea of the paragraph is:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
The history of surgery is fascinating. When we think of surgeons today, we think of highly
educated doctors who have trained for years in their specialty area. Surgeons of today are very skilled and have a
very high success rate. They operate in sterile conditions and with the aid of imaging such as x‐ray, CT scans, or
MRIs. But this wasn't always the case. In fact, in the Middle Ages, the barbers in a community were also the
surgeons. Can you imagine that? Going to the same place for surgery that you would to get your hair cut. Seems
strange to us today, but it was the common practice in those days. They also knew nothing about sterile techniques
and even operated without gloves. They also used rudimentary tools such as saws and pliers. The worst part, there
was no anesthesia. Sadly, most surgery patients died from infection. They also didn't understand the way the body
worked at that time. They would drill holes in people's head to let the demons out and cut off a leg with a rusty
saw. It is a wonder that anybody survived a surgery during those times. Over the years, surgical techniques
improved and eventually evolved into the highly trained field it is today. We are lucky to
live in a time in which medical advancements abound.
The main idea of the paragraph is:

________________________________________________________________________________________
Write the main idea of the paragraph in the center circle below. Write
the supporting ideas in the outside circles.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
BUT there was no

hilarity in the little town
that same tranquil
Saturday
afternoon. The Harpers,
and Aunt Polly’s family,
were being put into
mourning,
with great grief and many
To help you understand main ideas and supporting details better, access the following links:
https://www.brainpop.com/english/writing/mainidea/
https://0.tqn.com/z/g/testprep/library/Reading_Worksheets/Main_Idea_Worksheet_3.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkZo2zVKJR4
NEXT LESSON: Summarizing and Paraphrasing
ENHANCE ENGLISH ENGAGEMENT
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
(Mishima Z. Miciano/Remedios Z. Miciano)
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

AND SKILLS AND STRATEGIES FOR ACADEMIC DISCOURSE 1st edition
(Lorna A. Billanes, Ph.D)

WEEK 2 EAPP Outlining and Main Idea

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WEEK 2 EAPP Outlining and Main Idea

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OUTLINING

ESSENTIAL LEARNING PURPOSES: At the end of these lessons, I am expected to:

1. Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information needed;

An outline is a condensed version of an academic text in a linear, structured format. As an

Title: The Many Faces of Clinical Depression

II. Symptoms of Depression

III. Causes of Depression

IV. Treatment for Depression

Title: Another Look at Global Warming

Thesis Statement: Global warming is a phenomenon whose causes have a

I. Causes of global warming

Title: Learning the Constructivist Way

A. Students learn in different ways.

Example (Noun used as heading):

Example (Gerund/Verb used as heading):

1. What makes an effective leader? To be sure, no one characteristic or trait defines an

Support: 1. People are likely to live up to a manager's or superior's expectations.

B. Expand the headings below using 3 or more subheadings:

Title: Personal Independence in the Millennial Age

Thesis statement: Being independent entails liberties and freedoms

Title: The New Face of Facebook

I. The Future of Facebook

WHAT I CAN DO?

I. Participating in the Clean and Green Project

Write a sentence outline based on it.

NEXT LESSON: Main Ideas

ENHANCE ENGLISH ENGAGEMENT

REFERENCES ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

ESSENTIAL LEARNING PURPOSES: At the end of these lessons, I am expected to:

Understanding the topic, the gist, or the larger conceptual framework of a textbook

Why is identifying the main idea important?

a. First, read all of the current records.

a. how different amphibians are

1. The process of raisin development requires multiple steps.

a. A computer is a high-speed adding machine.

1. The main idea of the article is that—

A. 3 million men fought.

A. 11,000 planes were used.

3. A detail that does not support the main idea is that—

A. rail lines were cut.

A. few warships were needed.

5. A generalization you could make about the D-Day invasion is that—

A. Germany was the enemy.

The main idea of the paragraph is:

The main idea of the paragraph is:

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

BUT there was no

NEXT LESSON: Summarizing and Paraphrasing

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

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