Formulario Álgebra

Exponenciales: log b A
n
1. a =a
m n
m =n 4. log b A=
n
n n
2. a =b a =b 5. log b 1 = 0
m n m +n
3. a a = a 6. log b B = 1
m
a m n x x
4. n
=a 7. log b B = Y

a y
n m n n
5. m
(a ) = a 8. log b B = n
1 9.
log B a
6.
n
a = n b =a
a 10. log a = log 10 a
n n n
7. (a b ) =a b A B
n n 11. log b = log b
a a B A
8. =
b b
n
12. log b a = log b a x
x

n n
a b 13. log b A = log b B A=B
9. =
b a 14. ln x = c x= e
c
0
10. a =1 15. ln e = 1
m x
11. n m n 16. ln e = 1
a =a
1 Cambio de Base
12. n n log c a
a =a 17. log b a = c= nueva base
13. n
ab=
n
a
n
b log c b
n Valor Absoluto
a a
14. n
= 1. |x|  a  a  x  a
b n
a 2. |x|  a  x  a  x  a
m
15. n
a =
m n
a 3.
2
|x| = x
2

4. |a b | = |a| |b |
Logaritmo a |a|
5. | |=
log b a = c  a =b
c
b |b |
6. 2
a = |a |
1. 7. |a | = a
log b A B C = log b A + log b B + log b C 8. | a| = a
A 9. | x|  | b |  x  b
2 2
2. log b = log b A log b B
B 2 2
n
10. | x|  | b |  x  b
3. log b A = n log b A 2
11. (( a ) ) = a sia  0
Trigonometría
º
c a
seno  = secante  =
c a c
a
b c
coseno  = cosecante  =
c b
a b
Pitágoras: tangente  = cotangente  =
2 2 2 2 2 2
b a
c =a + b c = a + b

Oblicuángulos:

Ley de los senos:

a b c
= =
sen  sen  sen 

Ley de los cosenos:

2 2 2
b =a +c 2 a c cos 
2 2 2
a =b +c 2 b c cos 
2 2 2
c =a +b 2 a b cos 
Identidades Trigonométricas:

1.
2
sen  + cos  =1
2
1
5. sec  =
2 2 tan  cos 
2. tan  = 2 1
1 tan  6. cosec  =
2 1 cos 2  sen 
3. sen  = cos  1
2 7. cotan  = =
sen  1 sen  tan 
4. tan  = =
cos  cotan 
 Formulario Cálculo
Propiedades de Limites:

1. lim x ~ a f( x ) = L 1 lim x ~ a f( x ) = L 2 L 1 = L 2
2. lim x ~ a c = c
3. lim x ~ a c f( x ) = c lim x ~ a f( x )
4. lim x ~ a ( f( x ) + g ( x ) )= lim x ~ a f( x ) + lim x ~ a g ( x )
5. lim x ~ a f( x ) g ( x ) = lim x ~ a f( x ) lim x ~ a g ( x )
f( x ) lim x ~ a f( x )
6. lim x ~ a =
g ( x ) lim x ~ a g ( x )
n n
7. lim x ~ a f( x )= lim x ~ a f( x )

Indeterminaciones:
0  0
, ,0 ,  , 1 , 0
0 

Operaciones Conocidas:
a 0= a a a
0 =0  0 = 0 sec 0 = 1
= =
0 a= a 0  + a=  0 sen 0 = 0 cosec 0 = 
0 a   = 0 cos 0 = 1 log 0 = 
=0 =0 =0
a   a=   tan 0 = 0 log  = 
a
cot 0 =   = 
Limites de funciones algebraicas:

P( x) ( x a ) P( x)
lim x ~ a = lim x ~ a P ( x ) yQ ( x ) son polinomios Si x  a factorizar ;
Q( x) ( x a ) Q( x) Si x   dividir entre la mayor potencia

Limites de funciones trigonométricas:

sen x tan x cos ( x ) 1

lim x ~ 0 = 1 lim x ~ 0 = 1 lim x ~ 0 = 0
x x x

Limites de funciones exponenciales:

1
g( x ) 
lim x ~ 0 f ( x ) = 1 se puede usar: lim x ~ 0 x ~  1 + f ( x )
f( x )
= e

x x
a 1 e 1
lim x ~a = ln a lim x ~a =1
x x