SECTION 1: LISTENING (5.

0 POINTS)
There are 3 parts in this section. Each part will be played TWICE. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered spaces provided below.
Part 1. You are going to listen to a conversation between a man talking to a colleague about a
school excursion.
Question 1-6
Complete the notes. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each
answer.
School Excursion
Destination: 1. _____________
Weather: 2. _____________
Arrival time: 3. _____________
Activities planned:
See: 4. _____________
Eat: Catered lunch
Attend: 5. _____________
Return time: 6. _____________
Question 7-10
Complete the table. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Nationality %

7. ___________________ 26

8. ___________________ 25

9. ___________________ 16

Indonesian 15

10. __________________ 8

Saudi 7

Other 3

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.

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Part 2: You will hear an interview with a student called Liam, who talks about the financial
difficulties he faced during his first year at university. For questions 11-15, choose the answer A,
B, C or D which fits best according to what you hear.
11. Liam’s choice of bank account was based on__
A. the availability of interest-free overdrafts.
B. the gift from the bank to new student customers.
C. the location of the nearest branch of the bank.
D. the high credit limit on credit cards for students.
12. Liam believes the most useful student discounts are for___
A. travelling by rail.
B. going to the cinema.
C. eating out.
D. online shopping.
13. Following the theft of his laptop, Liam wished he had ___
A. taken his possessions with him during the vacation.
B. thought about the need for insurance cover.
C. made sure his room on campus was more secure.
D. used a stronger password to protect his data.
14. When he got into debt, Liam felt__
A. confident he could deal with the situation on his own.
B. annoyed that nobody had warned him that could happen.
C. unconcerned as he knew his parents would help him.
D. apprehensive about what the lenders might do next.
15. What advice does Liam give to others who are in debt?
A. Take out a longer-term loan to pay off the immediate debt.
B. Spend nothing until you have saved enough to clear the debt.
C. Set up a regular repayment plan for a fixed period of time.
D. Negotiate a lower interest rate with those you owe money to.
Your answers:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 3. Listen to a piece of news on Covid-19 in Indonesia. For questions 16-25, fill in each gap
with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the recording. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered spaces provided below.
16. Despite being hardest hit by Covid 19 recently, Indonesia is facing a lot of challenges including
low vaccination rate, not enough hospital beds and now, the ____________________ are filling up
too.
17.From above the grid of fresh graves on the outskirts of Jakarta is a chilling glimpse at the
____________________Covid is taking in Indonesia.

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18. The spread of the delta variant is so indiscriminate now that Indonesia has become Asia's
____________________.
19. The death toll is so high that and coffins arrive about 10 every hour, and it’s a place where
____________________ are rarely alone.
20. Indonesia’s health care system is pushed to the point of near collapse and hospitals are so
_____________________ that they’ve set up beds for Covid patients outside in parking lots.
21. Oxygen in such ___________________that most families buy their own if they can find it.
22. Inside hospitals medical staff are vaccinated and wear protective gear but it doesn't help the
___________________that comes with losing so many people.
23. Up to now, only a fraction of Indonesia’s population has been vaccinated, just over 7 percent of
208 million ____________________.
24. The government has been criticized for its slow rollout of vaccines but religious social media
influencers have also been ___________________across the internet.
25. The situation raises the big concern that Indonesia's crisis could _________________a new
Covid variant before enough people are vaccinated.
Your answers:
16. 21.
17. 22.
18. 23.
19. 24.
20. 25.

SECTION 2: LEXICO-GRAMMAR (3.0 POINTS)

Part 1. For questions 26-45, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following
questions and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (2.0 pt)
26. Unanswered, the demands for nuclear deterrents have ________ fears of civil war.
A. flashed up B. prognosticated C. sidetracked D. stoked up
27. The general was convinced that if his army could make the first ________ strike, they would be
able to win the battle.
A. enigmatic B. pre-emptive C. showdown D. rudimentary
28. I hate the way Tony ________ around looking so self – important.
A. struts B. scampers C. slithers D. slinks
29. In some countries, confrontation between police and strikers on ________ has become a feature
of life in the eighties.
A. dole queues B. picket lines C. back benches D. assembly lines
30. That Mary is an _________ liar: you must take what she says with a small grain of salt.
A. incorrigible B. incurable C. irredeemable D. irremediable
31. Her close personal friends never ________ in their belief in her; whatever was written in the
press.
A. derided B. taunted C. faltered D. reneged

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32. Steve used to be easy to work with, but since his promotion he's begun to ________ .
A. throw his weight around B. throw in the towel
C. throw him off balance D. turn up trumps
33. The court________ scot-free.
A. let her off B. took her away C. set her up D. kept her out
34. People are always critical. One needs to ________ to cope with criticism.
A. have a thick skin B. have a thin skin
C. get under their skin D. make their skin crawl
35. His public announcement of the secret plans was dealt a sheer ________ of confidence and was
heavily criticized by the other members of the council.
A. damage B. breach C. crash D. fracture
36. I thought the movie was going to an end, but it just ________ .
A. dragged in B. dragged on C. dragged into D. dragged up
37. My father decides to apprentice me ________ a lawyer although I don’t agree.
A. with B. to C. for D. into
38. Towards the end of the film Thelma and Louise, a large truck is ________ by the main characters
when they shoot its tank, which is full of oil.
A. shot off B. struck in C. poured out D. blown up
39. The princess's nanny's autobiography really gives the _______ on life among the royals.
A. show-down B. know-how C. low-down D. look-out
40. Somebody who is foolish or stupid is ________ .
A. soft in the head B. riding high
C. over the moon D. pushing up daisies
41. It took me several seconds to grasp the meaning of her statement but finally the ________
dropped.
A. penny B. axe C. hammer D. stone
42. Although it was initially regarded as a ________, Leicester City finished 2014-2015 Premier
League being the champion.
A. rank interloper B. rank outsider
C. rank newcomer D. rank foreigner

43. She decided to ________ with the services of the maid and do the housework himself.
A. dispose B. dispense C. depose D. desert
44. Congratulations on your success! How does it feel to be_______?
A. the man of the hour    B. a word of honor
C. an egg on the face       D. the top of the morning  
45. I’m hoping that this work experience will stand me in ________ in my future career.
A. good grounding B. good stead
C. fine precedent D. stable footing

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Your answers:
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

Part 2. For questions 46-55, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space
provided. (1.0 pt)
46. For users, they are still expensive _____________________ features and come with their own set
of integration problems. (ADD)
47. You want clothes that are stylish as well as practical, versatile, _____________________.
(TASK)
48. Mongolia, although poor, has considerable _____________________ resources of oil and
minerals. (TAP)
49. Since _____________________, banks are permitted to set their own interest rates.
(REGULATE)
50. _____________________ images of women are used to legitimise male dominance. (TYPE)
51. Many MBA courses are highly theoretical, esoteric and impractical, instead of being
_____________________as they should. (BUSINESS)
52. Every attempt is being made to ensure that these works of art are preserved for
_____________________ (POST)
53. Those who made this dress are going to be_____________________ designers. They are nothing
but awesome! (TREND)
54. The decision to close the local hospital caused such a public _____________________ that the
authorities decided to re- examine their options and keep it open. (CRY)
55. Efforts have been made to recover disaster-stricken and _____________________ areas of the
country, hope fading day by day. (WAR)
Your answers:
46. 47. 48. 49.
50. 51. 52. 53.
54. 55.

SECTION 3: READING (6.0 POINTS)

Part 1. For questions 56-65, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word.
(1.0 pt)
Economic benefits of vaccination
The costs of vaccination programmes are (56) ________ outweighed by the economic benefits of
reducing illness, disability and premature death, according to a modelling study. Patenaude and his

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team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland generated estimates for the economic cost
of illnesses, disability and premature death that (57) ________ otherwise occur without vaccination
programmes in 94 low and middle-income countries, and compared these with the overall cost of
(58) ________ the programmes. They focused on vaccination programmes targeting 10 infectious
diseases, (59) ________measles, yellow fever and hepatitis B.
Using a model that considered treatment costs as well as lost wages and productivity due to illness,
the researchers found that the money saved through the vaccination programmes will be
approximately $682 billion for the period from 2011 to 2020 and a (60) ________ $829 billion from
2021 to 2030. Patenaude claimed that they wanted to convert the benefits (61) ________ money so
people could compare them with other types of investments a country or organisation might be
making – like in education or transport or other things. Also, the researchers (62) ________ their
findings using another model, (63) ________ estimates the value of a saved life using data on
people’s willingness to spend money to (64) ________ their risk of death. Using this model, they
found that the estimated value of lives saved by the vaccination programmes will be about 51 times
their cost from 2011 to 2020 and 52 times their cost from 2021 to 2030. As stated by Patenaude,
measles vaccination provided the highest estimated return on investment as it had a high case fatality
(65) ________ and measles vaccines were extremely effective at reducing mortality in young
children.
Your answers:
56. 57. 58. 59.
60. 61. 62. 63.
64. 65.

Part 2. For questions 66-75, read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions.
Write your answers (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes. (1.0 pt)
The Balance in the Oceans
The oceans' predators come in all shapes and sizes. For example, one of the less infamous ones is the
colorful starfish, which feeds on plant life, coral, or other shellfish such as mussels for sustenance. A
more bloodcurdling example, especially to human beings and most other species of fish, is the shark,
though most scientists agree that only ten per cent of the 450 plus species of sharks have been
documented as actually attacking a human. Still, there is another predator lurking invisibly in the
bodies of water of the world, one which poses one of the greatest threats to all species of ocean life -
bacteria. Though many types of fish are continually stalking and evading one another for survival,
they all band together in an attempt to keep bacteria levels at bay in order to allow their own
existence to continue.
Bacteria play a dual role in the ecosystems of the oceans. On the one hand, they are beneficial as
they stimulate plant life through food decomposition, which releases the necessary chemicals for the
growth of plant life. This is called nutrient recycling and helps keep the oceans alive. But, on the
other hand, bacteria are a major predator for all fish because they attack fragile, weaker individuals.

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If they are allowed to run rampant and not kept in check, they could virtually suffocate the oceans. In
water, bacteria prove to be an even greater threat than on land because, as they proliferate, they
reduced the oxygen levels necessary for organisms in the oceans to live. Further, when fish
populations become depleted due to factors like overfishing, microbes such as algae expand and
threaten the fragile ecosystems of the ocean. Therefore, ocean predators play a critical role by
thwarting bacteria growth and maintaining the oceans’ equilibrium by reducing vulnerable links in
the food chain.
In many ways, the balance within the oceans’ ecosystems mirrors the human body. That is, all of
their components must work in harmony for them to stay healthy, efficient, and alive. If one of them
is missing or deficient, an entire system can be placed in jeopardy. In both the human body and the
ocean, bacteria play a vital role because, at manageable levels, they aid in protecting and cleaning
each system of foreign agents that can be of harm. On the other hand, if bacteria levels increase and
become out of control, they can take hold of a system, overrun it, and become debilitating.
Therefore, both oceans and the human body have a kind of custodian that maintains bacteria levels.
In the human body, it is called a phagocyte. Phagocytes eat up sick, old, or dying cells, which are
more prone to bacterial invasion, and thus keep the body healthy. Like in the human body, bacteria
can prove fatal to the living organisms in the ocean.
Like phagocytes in the human body , ocean predators work as antibacterial custodians of the seas. In
essence, they are the immune system and a vital link in the food chain because they remove small,
injured, or sickly fish from the ocean environment before bacteria can become too comfortable and
multiply. By ridding the ocean of weaker fish, predators allow the stronger ones to multiply, making
their species stronger and more resilient. Without their services and with their declining numbers,
bacteria will blossom to levels that will eventually overpower and kill even the strongest species of
fish because of the depletion of their number one source of life, all important oxygen.
While the greatest battle in the ocean may seem on the surface to be the survival of the fittest fish, a
closer look reveals something completely different: fish versus microorganisms. Clearly, most living
organisms in the oceans are hunters by nature, but this way of life does not merely provide a food
source for a dominant species. It also maintains a healthy level of bacteria in an ocean’s ecosystem,
thus ensuring the continuation of all species of life within. Major predators are necessary, like the
antibacterial cells of the human body, to keep this delicate balance in synch. If their numbers
continue to decline and humans ignore their vital role in the ocean, dire consequences will definitely
result.
66. The word “lurking” in the passage is closest in meaning to __.
A. attacking B. increasing C. waiting D. approaching
67. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of ocean predators?
A. The shark is the deadliest one for all other kinds of life in the oceans.
B. One of the most threatening to all fish populations is bacteria.
C. Starfish do little damage to the population of mussels and shellfish.
D. Most of the killers that hide in the oceans are unknown to humans.

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68. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about bacteria?
A. They can be extremely detrimental to fish if their numbers increase.
B. They are able to feed off themselves when other food sources are limited.
C. They stimulate plant life, which in turn releases oxygen into the water.
D. They present themselves in numerous shapes and forms as well as colors.
69. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence
in the passage?
A. Evasion tactics help fish escape from the threats posed by an increasing number of bacteria.
B. Various species of fish prey upon one another in order to lower bacteria levels in the ocean.
C. high bacteria levels in the ocean help most species of fish to survive by providing them with food.
D. Rivals or not, all fish help one another survive by preventing bacteria from proliferating.
70. The author discusses “nutrient recycling ” in paragraph 2 in order to__
A. show how bacteria act similarly in the ocean and the human body.
B. explain the different roles of nutrients and oxygen for species of fish.
C. indicate that bacteria do have a positive impact in the oceans.
D. note how chemicals from bacteria are able to stimulate plant growth.
71. The word “thwarting” in the passage is closest in meaning to__.
A. encouraging B. presenting C. slowing D. sustaining
72. According to paragraph 2, bacteria are dangerous to ocean life because__
A. they have the capability to attack both strong and weaker fish.
B. they could monopolize the critical breathable gas in the ocean.
C. they get rid of vulnerable links, like dying fish, in the food chain.
D. they blossom out of control when overfishing becomes dominant.
73. The word “debilitating” in the passage is closest in meaning to__.
A. stimulating B. hindering C. elevating D. weakening
74. The author’s description of phagocytes mentions all of the following EXCEPT__
A. They rid the human body of potentially dangerous organisms.
B. They act in a similar manner as the predators of the ocean.
C. They dispose of bacteria to make weakened cells revive.
D. They are cleaning agents in humans to maintain bacteria levels.
75. According to paragraph 4, the elimination of weaker fish by ocean predators__
A. can often have an adverse effect on the population of the certain prey species.
B. inadvertently helps stronger species of fish to proliferate more easily.
C. reduces oxygen levels, thereby causing bacteria to multiply in their prey.
D. allows bacteria to grow and multiply in the stronger individuals of a species.
Your answers:
66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

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Part 3. The passage below consists of six paragraphs marked A, B, C, D, and E. For questions 76-
85, read the passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided. (1.0 pt)
Vacuum Trains: Space-Age Travel on Earth
Vacuum trains work on a very simple principle of physics, namely, it's easier to move an object
through a vacuum than it is through a medium, such as air. Are vacuum trains the future of travel?
A. When compared to the many other scientific and technological advances of the late 20th and early
21st centuries, it could be said that little progress has been made in the field of mass transit systems.
But for Concorde, the turbo-jet powered airplane which retired due to budgetary concerns in 2003,
and the bullet trains of Japan, little has changed in the way that groups of people travel to far-off
destinations. By and large, we still use the same transport technologies and travel at the same speeds
to those of fifty years ago. In times of scientific and technological sluggishness, it's often best to
permit 'blue-sky' thinkers to take the stage. One such individual whose creative thinking was not
limited by current wisdom or beliefs was the American physicist Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945).
Known as the father of modern rocket propulsion, Goddard was often mocked during his lifetime for
the seemingly pie-in-the-sky nature of his proposals. The ridicule caused Goddard to become
increasingly reticent about the nature of his work over the course of his career; so much so that many
of his designs did not come to light until after his death. Among Goddard's revolutionary ideas was
one for a high-speed train known as vacuum tube train, or `vactrain' for short.
B. The central rationale behind a vactrain as conceived by Goddard in the 1910s, is that trains could
travel considerably faster and use up appreciably less energy if they were not held back by air
resistance. A conventional train pushes a wall of air ahead of it and in doing so causes an area of low
pressure to form behind it. Both these phenomena end up `pulling' the train back and necessitate
huge amounts of energy to be expended in order to counteract the forces. But by placing a train line
within a sealed tunnel and voiding the tunnel of all air (i.e. creating a vacuum), this rolling resistance
is nullified. The sealed tunnel can be placed above ground or even in underground bored rock, the
latter hypothetically enabling cross-oceanic travel at speeds once thought the sole domain of science
fiction. Such technology has the potential to unequivocally supplant the aircraft as the world's fastest
mode of mass transit. Goddard's early designs, for instance, proposed the possibility of travelling
from Boston to New York in just 12 minutes at speeds averaging around 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h). In
actual fact, by combining vactrain technology with another form of technology known as maglev,
such trains could travel a great deal faster.
C. Maglev (short for magnetic levitation) trains are trains that float on a bed of magnets thus
negating the recurrent friction that conventional trains experience from running on tracks using
mechanical apparatuses such as wheels, axles and bearings. By causing the train to, in effect, fly
along its route, albeit just inches from the surface of a magnetic line, maglev trains can travel at
speeds of up to 361 mph (581 km/h). Maglev trains are currently operational (albeit in small
numbers) in Japan, Korea and China. Although still a nascent venture, they have not as yet proved to
merit any undue concerns in terms of safety. But what if a maglev train was placed within a vacuum?

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Some believe such trains could reach speeds of more than 4,000 km/h, allowing passengers to travel
from Europe to North America in under an hour.
D. Certainly, much interest has been shown by scientists and innovators eager to cash in on the 'next
big thing'. Indeed, several patents have already been taken out proposing various uses for the merger
of vactrain and maglev technologies. One scientist in the front line of such research is American
engineer, Daryl Oster, who holds a patent for what he calls 'Evacuated Tube Transport' (ETT).
Oster's proposes using relatively small six-person automated capsules that could travel up to 4,000
km/h on maglev lines within vacuumed tunnels. His research has piqued the interest of the Chinese
government who acquired a license to use ETT technology in combination with their own pre-
existent maglev research. According to Oster, the world could be using ETT for world travel within
the next 10 years.
E. So, is ETT really a feasible transportation technology for the future? Some put paid to the idea
because of its prohibitive cost. For instance, a hypothetical underground ETT line from Los Angeles
to New York City would cost an estimated US$1 trillion, with an elevated surface level alternative
only lessening the brunt of the cost by a third. Hence, the apathetic response most governments, bar
the Chinese government perhaps, give to ETT proposals. But some futurologists point to the mother
of all invention: necessity. The carbon footprint of current mass transit systems is considerable and
must be reduced. Fossil fuels deposits are dwindling and energy-efficient alternatives will soon be
required. Vactrains run entirely on electricity so there would be no carbon footprint whatsoever.
Thus, while construction would be expensive, supporters of ETT technology emphasise the long-
term cost-effectiveness of the venture - in terms of the environment, energy usage, and the economic
advantages attainable by a world having a speedier mass transit infrastructure. Still, it remains to be
seen who, if anyone, will take the plunge. ETT technology could well remain just a pipe dream.
In which section is the following mentioned?
76. an instance in which an individual felt averse to divulge certain information A
77. the potential of a means of transport to carry cargo at high speeds C
78. the necessity to overhaul contemporary transit systems E
79. an instance in which an individual underestimated the potential of a technology A
80. a means of transport which has recently been put to public use A
81. a collaborative effort at developing rapid transit technology B
82. the view that contemporary transports systems are underdeveloped E
83. uncertainty as to whether funds will be available to finance a project D
84. the potential of a technology to surpass conventional expectations B
85. the extent to which a proposed transit system could reduce ecological damage E
Your answers:
76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.
Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (1.95 pt)
Dirty River But Clean Water

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Floods can occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly
at bends or meanders in the waterway. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they
are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While riverine flood damage can be eliminated by moving
away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers
because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to
commerce and industry.
A. Fire and flood are two of humanity’s worst nightmares. People have, therefore, always sought to
control them. Forest fires are snuffed out quickly. The flow of rivers is regulated by weirs and dams.
At least, that is how it used to be. But foresters have learned that forests need fires to clear out the
brash and even to get seeds to germinate. And a similar revelation is now dawning on hydrologists.
Rivers – and the ecosystems they support – need floods. That is why a man-made torrent has been
surging down the Grand Canyon. By Thursday March 6th it was running at full throttle, which was
expected to be sustained for 60 hours.
B. Floods once raged through the canyon every year. Spring Snow from as far away as Wyoming
would melt and swell the Colorado river to a flow that averaged around 1,500 cubic metres (50,000
cubic feet) a second. Every eight years or so, that figure rose to almost 3,000 cubic metres. These
floods infused the river with sediment, carved its beaches and built its sandbars.
C. However, in the four decades since the building of the Glen Canyon dam, just upstream of the
Grand Canyon, the only sediment that it has collected has come from tiny, undammed tributaries.
Even that has not been much use as those tributaries are not powerful enough to distribute the
sediment in an ecologically valuable way.
D. This lack of flooding has harmed local wildlife. The humpback chub, for example, thrived in the
rust-red waters of the Colorado. Recently, though, its population has crashed. At first sight, it looked
as if the reason was that the chub were being eaten by trout introduced for sport fishing in the mid-
20th century. But trout and chub co-existed until the Glen Canyon dam was built, so something else
is going on. Steve Gloss, of the United States’ Geological Survey (USGS), reckons that the chub’s
decline is the result of their losing their most valuable natural defense, the Colorado’s rusty
sediment. The chub were well adapted to the poor visibility created by the thick, red water which
gave the river its name, and depended on it to hide from predators. Without the cloudy water the
chub became vulnerable.
E. And the chub are not alone. In the years since the Glen Canyon dam was built, several species
have vanished  altogether. These include the Colorado pike-minnow, the razorback sucker and the
round-tail chub. Meanwhile, aliens including fathead minnows, channel catfish and common carp,
which would have been hard, put to survive in the savage waters of the undammed canyon, have
moved in.
F. So flooding is the obvious answer. Unfortunately, it is easier said than done. Floods were sent
down the Grand Canyon in 1996 and 2004 and the results were mixed. In 1996 the flood was
allowed to go on too long. To start with, all seemed well. The floodwaters built up sandbanks and
infused the river with sediment. Eventually, however, the continued flow washed most of the

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sediment out of the canyon. This problem was avoided in 2004, but unfortunately, on that occasion,
the volume of sand available behind the dam was too low to rebuild the sandbanks. This time, the
USGS is convinced that things will be better. The amount of sediment available is three times greater
than it was in 2004. So if a flood is going to do some good, this is the time to unleash one.
G. Even so, it may turn out to be an empty gesture. At less than 1,200 cubic metres a second, this
flood is smaller than even an average spring flood, let alone one of the mightier deluges of the past.
Those glorious inundations moved massive quantities of sediment through the Grand Canyon,
wiping the slate dirty, and making a muddy mess of silt and muck that would make modern river
rafters cringe.
For questions 86-92, decide whether the following statements are (T), False (F) or Not Given
(NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
86. Damage caused by fire is worse than that caused by flood.
87. The flood peaks at almost 1500 cubic meters every eight years.
88. Contribution of sediments delivered by tributaries has little impact.
89. Decreasing number of chubs is always caused by introducing of trout since mid 20th century.
90. It seemed that the artificial flood in 1996 had achieved success partly at the very beginning.
91. In fact, the yield of artificial flood water is smaller than an average natural flood at present.
92. Mighty floods drove fast moving flows with clean and high quality water.
For questions 93-98, read the following summary and fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN
TWO WORDS taken from the passage. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided.
The eco-impact of the Canyon Dam
Floods are people’s nightmare. In the past, canyon was raged by flood every year. The snow from far
Wyoming would melt in the season of (93) ____________ and caused a flood flow peak in Colorado
river. In the four decades after people built the Glen Canyon dam, it only could gather (94)
____________ together from tiny, undammed tributaries.
Humpback chub population on reduced, why?
Then, several species disappeared including Colorado pike-minnow, (95) ____________ and the
round-tail chub. Meanwhile, some moved in such as fathead minnows, channel catfish and (96)
____________ . The non-stopped flow leaded to the washing away of the sediment out of the
canyon, which poses great threat to the chubs because it has poor (97) ____________ away from
predators. In addition, the volume of (98) ____________ available behind the dam was too low to
rebuild the bars and flooding became more serious.
Your answers:
86. ng 87.f 88.t 89.f 90.t

91.t 92.ng 93.spring 94.sediment 95.razorback

sucker
96.common carp 97.visibility 98.sand

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Part 5. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 99-105, read
the passage and choose from paragraphs A-H the one which best fits each gap. There is ONE
extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided. (1.05 pt)
Mobile Phone Etiquette
The term 'etiquette' refers to the set of largely unwritten rules and conventions that govern our
everyday behaviour. Many of these rules are reasonable and logical, and sticking to them makes life
easier for everyone. Other aspects of good etiquette might seem to be somewhat arbitrary, with
origins lost in the mists of time; for the most part, though, we abide by the rules because we don't
wish to appear bad-mannered or disrespectful.
99. D
A prime example of this concerns the use of mobile phones. There can be no doubt that these devices
have a host of advantages and that, over the last twenty years or so, they have revolutionised the way
in which people communicate. On the negative side, though, the fact that mobiles became ubiquitous
almost overnight means that there hasn't been time for society as a whole to develop a set of
commonly accepted guidelines regarding their use.
100. G
Journalist, Anne Perkins, was so infuriated by the lack of respect and consideration shown by some
mobile phone users that she decided to set up MobileManners.web. This website aims to raise
awareness of the issue and to encourage people to follow the Mobile Manners code of c onduct when
using their mobile.
101. B
Their conversation was well underway when it was interrupted by the ringing of the celebrity's
phone. Not only did he insist on taking the call, but he then proceeded to carry on a prolonged
conversation while Anne was left twiddling her thumbs. The worst part of this was that he wasn't
responding to a family emergency or even discussing an important business deal. He was simply
recounting his exploits of the previous night at some fashionable nightclub to some sycophantic
crony. After hanging up, he didn't even apologise to Anne, so when his phone rang again, two
minutes later, she cut the interview short and left.
102. F
To begin with, the site points out that mobiles are supposed to make your life easier, not more
stressful. You should not feel obliged to answer the phone every time it rings, nor do you have to
respond to text messages immediately. You can, and, most of the time, should give priority to the people
around you.
103. H
These are basic points that most people probably have an opinion on, even if they don't necessarily
agree with the Mobile Manners take on things. However, the code goes on to give Anne's views on a
wide range of issues which many of us may never have thought about before. The topics that should
and shouldn't be discussed on a mobile in public, the types of ringtone that are appropriate for people

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with certain jobs, and the times of day when it is inappropriate to send a colleague a text message are
just some of the things that are covered.
104. A
Of course, displaying good manners isn't the only thing that people need to think about in connection
to mobiles. Safety is another very important aspect of mobile phone use. In particular, the issue of
using mobiles while driving has been in the headlines in recent years. A large number of road
accidents are believed to have been caused by drivers who were chatting on the phone or, even worse,
texting while on the road.
105. C
All in all, it is clear that it can take some time for us to fully understand the social and legal
ramifications of new technology. This is especially true of a development that changes the culture as
quickly and as radically as the mobile phone has.
Missing paragraphs:
A. Rude behaviour, like that of the so-called 'star', certainly doesn't adhere to the Mobile Manners
code, the first rule of which is 'Show respect to the people affected by your mobile phone use'. The
website stresses that its founder truly believes that mobile phones are wonderful devices but that, in a
civil society, people should be more thoughtful about their impact on others.
B. Anne says that she had long been annoyed by some impolite people's use of mobiles, but that the
final straw came about six months ago when she was interviewing a well-known public figure for an
article she was writing for a national newspaper.
C. In a number of countries, it is now illegal to use a mobile while you are behind the wheel. In other
places, only hands-free phones are permitted, although this compromise might still endanger road
users, since research has shown that drivers are far more distracted by a phone conversation than
when chatting with another passenger.
D. Problems arise, however, when people disagree about the correct etiquette, or aren't sure about
what the 'done thing' is in a certain situation. This can occur when a significant change in the lifestyle
of people in a community happens too rapidly for social norms to become ingrained.
E. Anne points out that the details aren't crucial, and that she doesn't expect people to memorise the
whole code. The important thing, she says, is that people start thinking about the issue and modifying
their behaviour accordingly. Even if some people start lowering their voices when talking on their
mobiles or switching them to silent mode when in public places, Anne thinks she will have achieved
something and made the world a slightly more pleasant place.
F. The Mobile Manners site is just one of many dealing with this issue that have sprung up in recent
years. There is also a large number of sites dealing with online etiquette (or 'netiquette) and others
covering the correct way (at least in the authors' opinion) to behave in relation to other technological
developments. People clearly feel the need for guidance in these matters.
G. Consequently, otherwise polite people can use their phones in ways that irritate those around
them. And places such as museums, restaurants, cinemas and theatres have been forced to introduce

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measures that regulate the use of mobile phones, or in some cases ban them outright, because
members of the public could not be relied upon to use their phones in a considerate manner.
H. This means that you shouldn't let a ringing phone interrupt a face-to-face conversation unless you
are expecting an important call and, under those circumstances, it is polite to apologise and say
something along the lines of 'Do you mind if I get that?' before answering the call. Similarly, you
should wait for an appropriate moment to respond to a text, and never try to carry on your
conversation and compose a text message at the same time.
SECTION 4: WRITING (6.0 POINTS)
Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should
be between 100 and 120 words.

Today, one of the greatest threats comes from oil. Very often, the discharge of oil is
deliberate. Sometimes, however, it is accidental, as when an oil tanker is involved in a collision. One
of the worst oil tanker mishaps occurred when the Torrey Canyon ran aground. Thousands of liters
of thick crude oil had to be poured out before she was destroyed by flames. The effect of this was
that a huge oil slick spread over the sea gradually drifting towards the coast. Great damage was
caused to marine life, not only by the oil itself, but also by the detergents used against it. This
disaster was also untimely. There was a steady stream of sea birds making for the British breeding
grounds. Many of them were alight on the water during the journey. Their feathers became badly
clogged with oil. Thousands of birds died as a result. Many of them never reached land.
How do we go about controlling or minimizing water pollution ? The task is by no means
easy. Effective pollution control systems depend on policies that combine technical, economic, social
and aesthetic considerations. This means the role of the Government is all the more important. The
Government can combat water pollution in several ways. One way is to treat waste water to make
water reusable and of high quality. Another measure is to enact and enforce regulations prohibiting
and limiting pollution of waters. Next, adopt new effective techniques that will prevent or limit the
natural runoff of pollutants, for example, from agricultural areas into streams and rivers.

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Part 2: The table below describes the number of employees and factories in England and Wales
from 1851 and 1901. Describe the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 150 words.

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Part 3. Write an essay of about 350 words on the following topic.

Some people think children should have the freedom to make mistakes, while other people believe
that adults should prevent children from making mistakes. 
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

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