It shows an example of chi-square test analysis with footnotes explaining the output.

The data
were collected on 200 high school students and are scores on various tests, including a video
game and a puzzle. The outcome measure in this analysis is the student’s favourite flavour of
ice cream – vanilla, chocolate or strawberry- from which we are going to see what
relationships exists with video game scores (video), puzzle scores (puzzle) and gender and is
there any relationship between different chosen flavoured ice cream and gender

Case Processing Summary

Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
gender * favorite flavor of ice 200 100.0% 0 0.0% 200 100.0%
cream

The first is the summary case processing, which indicates the number of valid analytical
cases. For both the favourite flavour of the ice cream and gender only cases with unmissed
values can be used during the test. In the above test total number of participants is 200 both
male and female

The following tables include the results for crosstabulation and chi-square testing.

gender * favorite flavor of ice cream Crosstabulation

Count
favorite flavor of ice cream
vanilla Chocolote Strawberry Total
gender Male 15 47 29 91
female 32 48 29 109
Total 47 95 58 200

Chi-Square – The Chi-Square Test of Independence determines whether there is an

association between categorical variables (i.e., whether the variables are independent or
related). It is a nonparametric test.

Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance (2-
Value Df sided)
a
Pearson Chi-Square 4.577 2 .101
Likelihood Ratio 4.679 2 .096
Linear-by-Linear Association 3.110 1 .078
N of Valid Cases 200
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected
count is 21.39.

The Key result in the Chi- square test table is the Pearson Chi-Sqare
 The value of the test statistic is 4.577(Pearson Chi-square)
 For that statistical, the footnote relates to the assumption of the expected cell count
(i.e., expected cell counts are all above 5): There were no cells expected to have a
count below 5, so it met that assumption.
 Since the test statistics are based on a 3x2 crosstabulation table, The degree of
freedom for the test statistic is
df = (R-1) * (C-1) = (3-1) * (2-1) = 2
 The corresponding of p value is p = 0.101

Conclusions and Decisions

In the above test statistic p-value is greater than our chosen level of importance (α = 0.05),
so the null hypothesis is not rejected. Rather, we conclude that there is insufficient evidence
that the sex with the flavour of ice cream are associated.

Based on the test result we can decide

 No association was found between gender and flavor of ice cream (pearson chi-
square=4.577 p=0.101)

Symmetric Measures
Approximate
Value Significance
Nominal by Nominal Phi .151 .101
Cramer's V .151 .101
N of Valid Cases 200

Phi: Is the chi-square statistic to weighted total number of observations ratio. The
symmetrical measures are the most "optimistic." Unlike many association measures, they
have no theoretical upper bound when any variable has more than two categories.
Cramer's V: is a rescalation of phi to always have a maximum value of 1. Cramer's V
becomes more conservative in terms of phi as the number of rows and columns increases.
N: N provides in the first column the number of observations that fit the description. For
example, the in first column value 200 consist the number of observations in which
chocolate, vanilla and strawberry are a preferred flavour of the ice cream.