Cylinder

Cylinder is a solid bounded by a closed cylindrical surface and two parallel planes.

Properties of a cylinder

1. The bounding cylindrical surface of a cylinder is called the lateral surface, and the two
bounding parallel planes are called the bases. The area of the lateral surface is denoted
by AL and the area of the base is denoted by Ab.
2. The bases of a cylinder are equal.
3. The altitude of the cylinder is the perpendicular distance between the bases. It is denoted
by h.
4. Every section parallel to the base is equal to the base.
5. Any two parallel sections, neither of which cuts a base are congruent.
6. The right section is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. The area of the right section
is denoted as AR.
7. Axis of the cylinder is the line that connects the centroids of bases. The length of the axis
is equal to the length of the element, it is denoted as L.
8. For right cylinder, the area of the right section is equal to the area of the base and the
length of the axis is equal to the altitude.

Name of a Cylinder

The name of a cylinder is according to the shape of its base. If the base is ellipse, the
cylinder is called elliptical cylinder, and if circle, it is called circular cylinder. The most common
type of cylinder is the right circular cylinder.

Formulas for Cylinder

• Volume
V = ARL
 V = Abh
• Lateral Area

AL = PRL

where;

V = volume of the cylinder

AR = area of the right section

L = length of the lateral side

Ab = area of the base

h = altitude

AL = area of the lateral side

PR = perimeter of the base

Note that for right cylinder, AR = Ab and L = h.

The Right Circular Cylinder

A right circular cylinder is a cylinder whose base is a circle and whose elements are
perpendicular to its base.

Properties of a Right Circular Cylinder

1. The axis of a right circular cylinder is the line joining the centers of the bases.
2. For any oblique or non-oblique sections which do not pass any one base, the center of
which is at the axis.
3. A right circular cylinder can be formed by revolving a rectangle about one side as axis of
revolution.
4. Every section of a right circular cylinder made by a cutting plane containing two elements
and parallel to the axis is a rectangle.

Formulas

• Area of the base

Ab = πr2
π
Ab = 4d2
• Lateral Area
AL = 2πrh
AL = πdh
• Volume
V = Abh
V = πr2h
π
V = 4 d2h

• Total Area
Total area (open both ends), AT = AL
Total Area (open one end), AT = Ab + AL
Total Area (closed both ends), AT = 2Ab + AL

Example 1. Calculate the volume of a cylinder where:

a) the area of the base is 30 cm2 and the height is 6 cm.

b) the radius of the base is 14 cm and the height is 10 cm.
Solution:
1. V = Abh
V = 30 cm2 × 6 cm
V = 180 cm3 → volume of the cylinder
2. V = πr2h
V = π(14 cm )2 (10 cm)
V = 6,157.52 cm3 → volume of the cylinder

Example 2. The figure shows a section of a metal pipe.

Given the internal radius of the pipe is 2 cm, the external
radius is 2.4 cm and the length of the pipe is 10 cm. Find the
volume of the metal used.

Solution:
The cross section (base) of the pipe is a ring:
To get the area of the ring, we subtract the area of the inner circle from the area of the
outer circle.
Ab = Ab (outer) - Ab (inner)
 Ab = πr2(outer) - πr2 (inner)
Ab = (π(2.4cm)2) - (π(2cm)2)
Ab = 18.096 cm2 – 12.566 cm2
Ab = 5.53 cm2

Solve for the volume of the pipe to get the volume of the metal used

V = Abh
V = 5.53 cm2 × 10 cm
V = 55.3 cm3 → volume of the metal used

Example 3. A circular cylinder is circumscribed about a right prism having a square base
one meter on an edge. The volume of the cylinder id 6.283 cu. m. Find its altitude.

Solution:

Volume of the cylinder:

𝜋
V = Abh= 𝐷 2 ℎ
4

The diameter of the cylinder is the diagonal of the square:

𝐷 = √12 + 12 =√2 m
Then;
𝜋
6.283 𝑚3 =4 𝐷 2 ℎ
𝜋
6.283 𝑚3 =4 (√2 𝑚)2 ℎ
6.283 𝑚3 1.570796327 𝑚2 ℎ
=
1.570796327 𝑚2 1.570796327 𝑚2

𝒉=3.99988203 m → altitude of the cylinder

Example 4. The depth of water in a cylindrical tank is 8 feet. Suppose the radius and
height of the tank are 5 feet and 11.5 feet, respectively. Find the volume of water required
to fill the tank to the brim.

Solution:

First calculate the volume of the cylindrical tank: 𝑉1

𝑉1 = Abh=𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
𝑉1 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ

𝑉1 = 𝜋 × (5𝑓𝑡)2 × 11.5 𝑓𝑡

𝑉1 =903.2078879 𝑓𝑡 3

Volume of the water in the tank: 𝑉2

𝑉2 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ

𝑉2 = = 𝜋 × (5𝑓𝑡)2 × 8 𝑓𝑡

𝑉2 = = 628.3185307 𝑓𝑡 3

The volume of water required to fill the tank: 𝑉𝑅

𝑉𝑅 = 𝑉1 - 𝑉2

𝑉𝑅 = 903.2078879 𝑓𝑡 3 −628.3185307 𝑓𝑡 3

𝑽𝑹 = 𝟐𝟕𝟒. 𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟑𝟓𝟕𝟐 𝒇𝒕𝟑 → volume of water required to fill the tank to the brim