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Book 2B Chapter 11

(page 11.27 – 11.36)

Cylinders
Cylinders
A cylinder is a solid with a uniform cross-section and its two
bases are circles.

The solids below are all cylinders.


Cylinders
Consider the cylinder on the right. A×

AB is a line joining the centres of the


two bases.

If AB is perpendicular to the two bases, B×


we call this type of cylinders right cylinders.

In this chapter, all cylinders are right


cylinders, unless otherwise specified.
Volumes of Cylinders

Do you remember how to


find the volume of a prism?

Take the following triangular prism as an example.

Volume of a prism = base area × height


height

base

triangular prism
Volumes of Cylinders

How about the volume


of a cylinder?

Using the approach of


finding the area of a circle,
Volumes of Cylinders

a cylinder can be divided into many


equal pieces and recombined into a
solid with a uniform cross-section.
Volumes of Cylinders

When the number of pieces is


increased, the solid obtained will
become approximately a prism.
Volumes of Cylinders
∵ Volume of a prism = base area × height
∴ We have the following formula:

volume of a cylinder ◀ volume of a cylinder


height = volume of prism
= base area × height

base
Volumes of Cylinders
For a cylinder with base radius r, height h and volume V,

volume of a cylinder ◀ volume of a cylinder


height
h = volume of prism
= base area × height

× r
V = πr2h
base

This is the formula for the


volume of a cylinder.
Volumes of Cylinders
Example 1
Find the volume of the cylinder in the figure 5 cm
correct to 3 significant figures.
2 cm

Solution

◀ r = 2 cm, h = 5 cm
Volumes of Cylinders
Example 2
hm
Given that the base radius and the volume of
the cylinder in the figure are 8 m and 768π m3
respectively, find its height. 8m
×
Solution
Let h m be the height of the cylinder.
volume = 768π m3

∴ The height of the cylinder is 12 m.


Volumes of Cylinders
Example 3
The figure shows a cylindrical container
filled with 342π cm3 of water. If the depth
of water is 9.5 cm, find the base radius of
the container correct to 3 significant figures.
9.5 cm
Solution ×
Let r cm be the base radius of the container. r cm


∴ The base radius of the container is 6 cm.


Follow-up question
Complete the following table.
(Give your answers in terms of π if necessary.)

Base radius (r) Height (h) Volume of the cylinder (V)


2 cm 10 cm 40π cm3
4m 112π m3
11 mm 275π mm3
Follow-up question
Complete the following table.
(Give your answers in terms of π if necessary.)

Base radius (r) Height (h) Volume of the cylinder (V)


2 cm 10 cm 40π cm3
4m 7m 112π m3
11 mm 275π mm3
Follow-up question
Complete the following table.
(Give your answers in terms of π if necessary.)

Base radius (r) Height (h) Volume of the cylinder (V)


2 cm 10 cm 40π cm3
4m 7m 112π m3
5 mm 11 mm 275π mm3
Like prisms, we can find the
surface area of a cylinder.
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

Here is a cylindrical can


that has a piece of red wrapper.
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

We can see that the lateral face of the


cylindrical can is a curved surface.
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

When we cut the wrapper vertically,


Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

When we cut the wrapper vertically, and then spread out the wrapper,
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

When we cut the wrapper vertically, and then spread out the wrapper,
we obtain a rectangle.
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

A D

B C

Therefore, the area of the lateral face, i.e. the curved surface
area, of the can is equal to the area of the rectangle ABCD.
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

A D

B C

What do you think about the


relationship between AD and the
circumference of the base of the can?
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

A D

B C

They are equal.


Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

A D

B C

Yes! You are right.


Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

A D

B C

How about the relationship between AB


and the height of the can?
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

A D

B C

They are also same in lengths.


Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

A D

B C

Correct! Therefore, we have


the following conclusion.
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders

A D

B C

Curved surface area of the can


= area of rectangle ABCD
= AD × AB
= circumference of the base of the can × height of the can
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders
For a cylinder with base radius r and height h,

× r Curved surface area of a cylinder = 2πrh


= circumference of the base × height
h
= 2πrh

We can find the curved surface area of


a cylinder if its base radius and height
are known.
Curved Surface Areas of Cylinders
Example
1 cm
Find the curved surface area of the cylinder in ×
the figure correct to 3 significant figures.
2 cm

Solution

◀ r = 1 cm, h = 2 cm
Total Surface Areas of Cylinders

×r
× r

h
h

×r

The total surface area of a cylinder can


be found by adding the areas of its two
bases to its curved surface area.
Total Surface Areas of Cylinders

area = πr2 ×r
× r

h
curved surface area = 2πrh

area = πr2 ×r

Total surface area of a cylinder


Total Surface Areas of Cylinders
Example 1
The base radius and the curved surface area of
the cylinder are 7 cm and 154π cm2 respectively.
7 cm
Find the total surface area of the cylinder in terms
×
of π.
Solution

Total surface area


= curved surface area
+ areas of the two bases
Total Surface Areas of Cylinders
Example 2
Find the total surface area of the cylinder in the
figure correct to 1 decimal place. 4 cm

Solution 3 cm
Total Surface Areas of Cylinders
Example 3
r9cm
cm
The figure shows a cylinder of volume
810π cm3. The height of the cylinder is ×
10 cm. Find its 10 cm
(a) base radius,
(b) total surface area correct to
3 significant figures.
volume = 810π cm3
Solution
(a) Let r cm be the base radius of the cylinder.

∴ The base radius of the cylinder is 9 cm.


Total Surface Areas of Cylinders
Example 3
9 cm
The figure shows a cylinder of volume
810π cm3. The height of the cylinder is ×
10 cm. Find its 10 cm
(a) base radius,
(b) total surface area correct to
3 significant figures.
volume = 810π cm3
Solution
(b)
Follow-up question
Complete the following table.
(Give your answers in terms of π if necessary.)

Base Height Curved surface Total surface area


radius area of the cylinder of the cylinder
(r) 1(h)
cm 6π cm2
120π m2
3 cm
5m
4 mm 48π mm2
Follow-up question
Complete the following table.
(Give your answers in terms of π if necessary.)

Base Height Curved surface Total surface area


radius area of the cylinder of the cylinder
(r) 1(h)
cm 6π cm2 24π cm2
120π m2
3 cm
5m
4 mm 48π mm2
Follow-up question
Complete the following table.
(Give your answers in terms of π if necessary.)

Base Height Curved surface Total surface area


radius area of the cylinder of the cylinder
(r) 1(h)
cm 6π cm2 24π cm2
12 m 120π m2
3 cm
5m
4 mm 48π mm2
Follow-up question
Complete the following table.
(Give your answers in terms of π if necessary.)

Base Height Curved surface Total surface area


radius area of the cylinder of the cylinder
(r) 1(h)
cm 6π cm2 24π cm2
12 m 120π m2 170π m2
3 cm
5m
4 mm 48π mm2
Follow-up question
Complete the following table.
(Give your answers in terms of π if necessary.)

Base Height Curved surface Total surface area


radius area of the cylinder of the cylinder
(r) 1(h)
cm 6π cm2 24π cm2
12 m 120π m2 170π m2
3 cm
6 mm 120π mm2
5m
4 mm 48π mm2

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