5 JUNE 202I

“Implementasi Forensic Accounting

Dalam Mendeteksi Fraud
(Study Kasus di Indonesia dan
Australia)”
EMMAN MARPAUNG M.FCG, CFE, Cert III
EMMAN MARPAUNG
Education and Certification
• Bachelor of Accounting - University of Bengkulu, Indonesia
• Fulbright Scholarship – University of Mississippi, USA
• Master of Forensic Accounting and Financial Crime – Macquarie University, Australia
• Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) – Sydney Chapter
• Cert III – Private Investigator New South Wales, Australia
• Founder Forensic Accounting Tech. application (FA Tech).

Work Experience
• PwC Indonesia – Forensic Services
• BDO Australia in Sydney – Forensic Services
• BDO Indonesia – Forensic Services
• Integrity Indonesia - Forensic Investigation Services
• Ernst & Young Indonesia – Forensic Investigation & Dispute Services
• KPMG Indonesia – Forensic Services

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“Implementasi Forensic
Accounting Dalam
Mendeteksi Fraud (Study
Kasus di Indonesia dan AGENDA

• LIMA (5) PRINCIPLES OF FRAUD AND CORRUPTION

Australia” • FRAUD AND ECONOMIC CRIME SURVEY – OLEH PwC

• FRAUD AND CORRUPTION CASE STUDY - INDONESIA

• FRAUD AND CORRUPTION CASE STUDY - AUSTRALIA

• PENIPUAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN (FINANCIAL STATEMENT

FRAUD), RED-FLAGS, DAN BAGAIMANA CARA
MENDETEKSINYA?
• CARA MEMITIGASI FRAUD DAN STRATEGY INTERNAL
CONTROL PERUSAHAAN UNTUK MENJAGA ASET
PERUSAHAAN?

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 LIMA (5)
PRINCIPLES OF
FRAUD AND
CORRUPTION
There is no one solution

PAGE 5
Source: ACFE Report to The Nations 2020 Asia Pacific Region
Fraud and Corruption are ever changing

PAGE 6
Source: ACFE Report to The Nations 2020 Asia Pacific Region
Prevention is the most effective way to address fraud
and corruption

“Preventing fraud through effective counter

fraud practices reduces loss and reputation
damage. It also requires fewer resources
than an approach focused on detection and
recovery.”
There is always going to be fraud

PAGE 8
Source: ACFE Report to The Nations 2020 Asia Pacific Region
Finding fraud is a good thing

Most Wistle-Blowers are Fired

5%
6%
Terminations
15%
“Doing the right thing not always meant that Poor Evaluations

right things would happen to you.” Suspensions

Transfers
74%

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 FRAUD AND
ECONOMIC CRIME
SURVEY – OLEH
PwC
Size, scale and depth of global survey

5,000+ respondents 99 territories

171 Indonesian survey respondents

>50% >70%
of Indonesian
of respondents
respondents have a
represent privately
US$ 100 million
owned companies
annual turnover

>66%
of global and
Indonesian
respondents were
C-suite

PAGE 11
On Average, One In Ten Companies Reported More Than Ten Incidents Of Fraud In
The Last 24 Months

Source: PwC - GECS 2020 Fraud and Economic Crime

 Fraud, Corruption Or Other Economic Crime Continues To Show An Increasing
Trend Of Reported Fraud In Most Territories, Including Indonesia

Source: PwC - GECS 2020 Fraud and Economic Crime

The top five most disruptive impacts

Source: PwC - GECS 2020 Fraud and Economic Crime

Most disruptive fraud events – by industry

Source: PwC - GECS 2020 Fraud and Economic Crime

 Nama perusahaan yang tertera sudah
aaa direkayasa.

FRAUD AND
CORRUPTION CASE –
INDONESIA

INVOICE FINANCING
FRAUD
 Case “Invoice Financing Fraud” Bagaimana cara mendeteksinya?

Analisa jurnal expense dan revenue

Recontruksi jurnal dan identifikasi kejanggalan

Project Owner
(PLN)
8. “PT Bumi Perkasa”
menerima suntikan dana
USD 1,7 juta dari “GP” dan
berhutang kepada “BRI
Syariah” senilai USD 1,8
juta. Selisihnya USD 100K
merupakan fee untuk
“Altria” untuk transaksi
ini. Uang USD 1,7 juta ini
sebagian digunakan tidak
pada fungsinya –
Entertainment Fee.
Awal tahun 2016,
direkturnya resigned. Hal
serupa ternyata telah
terjadi beberapa kali
dengan total transaksi
USD5.4 juta.
1. Jan 2012 PLN mengadakan
tender untuk Projek
Lakukan interview
Engineering, Construction, &
Procurement (ECP) dan
dimenangkan oleh “PT Bumi
Perkasa”
2. Oct 2012 “PT Bumi Perkasa” 5. March 2013 “BRI
membutuhkan suntikan dana, Syariah” menerbitkan
akan tetapi “BRI Syariah” hanya L/C untuk invoice ynag
dapat memberikan fasilitas diterbitkan oleh
pembayaran A/P and L/C. “Altria”. L/C jatuh
tempo dalam 8 bulan.
“PT Bumi Perkasa” BRI Syariah
(Anak Perusahaan Bank (“BRI
BUMN)
Syariah”)
4. March 2013 - “PT Bumi
Perkasa” mengirimkan a Fake
PO to “Altria”, kemudian 3. March 2013 “PT Bumi
“Altria” mengirimkan Invoice Perkasa” ber-kolusi
tas PO palsu tersebut. Untuk dengan “Altria” untuk 7. Nov 2013 –
melakukan Invoice “BRI Syariah”
pembayaran, “PT Bumi
Financing Fraud. membayarkan L/C
Perkasa” menggunakna L/C.
yang telah jatuh
PO Nilai pengadaan ini adalah
tempo senilai
\ USD 1,8 juta
USD1,8 juta ke
Altria Capital Standard “Altria” melalui
Standard
Pte Ltd Chartered Chartered Bank

6. March ‘13 “GP” “Altria” Bank, London yang ada di

London.
representasi dari
“Altria” (affiliation)
men-transfer uang Global Trading Since the "PT Bumi Perkasa" is a
ke PT Bumi Perkasa Pte Ltd “GP” Subsidiary of State-Owned
sebanyak USD 1,7
juta.
Enterprises, the government
lost millions of dollars
 Nama perusahaan yang tertera sudah
direkayasa.

FRAUDULENT REVENUE
RECOGNITION CASE –
INDONESIA
Case “Fraudulent Revenue Recognition”
1. The client recognise revenue 40% 60%
based on cost base instead of
percentage of completion (not in
line with PSAK).

2. Inflate revenue without

supporting document
PT ABC (Client)

Pahami Kontract dengan Principle

(Berapa nilai kontrak)

Rekonstruksi ulang jurnal

pendapatan berdasarkan GL

Minta Supporting document

Contract Interim Payment yang
ditandatangani oleh Perusahaan,
Project Owner, dan Evaluator

Legend

Di approve oleh product owner

Belum di approve, hanya invoice

Fake revenue
 Nama perusahaan yang tertera sudah
direkayasa.

MULTIPLE
VENDOR PAYMENT
FRAUD CASE -
AUSTRALIA
Occam Refinery Pty Ltd Case “Multiple Vendor Payment Fraud”

Acc 1. Main Account

Acc 2.

Acc 3.
Credit Card Account

Acc 4.
Sport Bet Account (Gambling)

Acc 5. Our forensic accounting investigation identified:

• Total of over AUD 4.2 million was defrauded through
multiple vendor payment fraud. There were more than 1
Acc. 6
time payments made for one invoice.
• Over AUD420K GST (VAT) fraud. Claimed GST to the
Australian Tax Office for GST that were never paid.
Acc. 7
 Nama perusahaan yang tertera sudah
direkayasa.

FRAUDULENT
REVENUES &
EXPENSES DURING
M&A

CASE - AUSTRALIA
Merger & Acquisition

Clear Dental Pty Ltd Archer Capital Ltd

Transaction: Archer Capital

Top 7 Accounting Firm
purchased Clear Dental for
conducted Financial Due
AUD 1.7 million
Diligence on Clear Dental

Our forensic accounting investigation identified:

• duplicating fee circa AUD450K
• miscoded circa AUD350K,
• Written Up procedures circa $570K
• 238 instances of very rare code totalling circa AUD240K.
• 80.5% decrease in monthly fees post-purchase and
• From list of customers, there are a huge amount of income
coming from customer whom addresses are located in
different state
Merger & Acquisition

The Best Furniture Pty Ltd Mayer Ltd

Transaction: The Best
Furniture was acquired
by Mayer

Our forensic accounting investigation identified:

• Over 300K revenue was inflated by not reporting the sales
return and sales discount.

• Inflated Asset by not recorded expenses by over AUD500K.

• The Best Furniture Pty Ltd paid GST of over for vendors that
are not registered for GST 250K or inactive ABN vendor.
CONTOH DARI PENIPUAN
LAPORAN KEUANGAN
(FINANCIAL STATEMENT
FRAUD), RED-FLAGS,
DAN BAGAIMANA CARA
MENDETEKSINYA
Fabricated Revenue
Cara mendeteksi:
➢ Hitung Gross Margin Rasio setiap bulan atau setiap kuarter.
➢ Analisa expense yang berhubungan erat dengan sales.
➢ Lihat supporting dokumen nya.
➢ Lakukan pengecekan pada aktivas penjualan dan adjustment.
➢ Lakukan pengujian pada laporan aging piutang.
➢ Analisa shipping cost.
➢ Untuk auditor konfirmasi langsung ke customer untuk total balance.

Improper Recording of Sales Returns, and Allowances, and Discounts

Cara mendeteksi:
➢ Lakukan analisa perbandingan sales return dan allowance.
➢ Pegecekan ke invoice dan jurnal penjualan.
➢ Cek jika ada biaya off-site storage yang mungkin digunakan untuk
menyembunyikan barang yg di return.
➢ Konfirmasi piutang dengan kostumer.

Improper Capitalisation
Cara mendeteksi:
➢ Vouching expenditure.
➢ Men-trace transaksi.
➢ Analisa PPE nya (property, plant, and equipment) nya.

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Omitted Expenses and Liabilities.
Cara mendeteksi:
➢ Cek minutes of meeting BOD meeting.
➢ Hitung Current Rasio.
➢ Lakukan konfirmasi liabilities ke vendor.

Fictitious Inventory.
Cara mendeteksi:
➢ Hitung inventory turnover rasio (COGS/average inventory).
➢ Lakukan test perbandingan antara data yang dicatat di system dan stocktake
sheet.
➢ Lakukan site visit ke warehouse untuk observasi secara langsung.

Fictitious Assets.
Cara mendeteksi:
➢ Pilih beberapa fixed asset dari GL dan lakukan vouching ke supporting
document.
➢ Lakukan pengujian atas kepemilikan asset.
➢ Lakukan pengujian untuk intangible assets dan check appraisal value pada
appraisal report dengan nilai yg dicatat.

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 INTERNAL
CONTROL THAT
MANAGEMENT
SHOULD
CONSIDER
 INTERNAL CONTROL
10 HAL YANG DAPAT DILAKUKAN MANAGEMENT UNTUK MEMPERKUAT INTERNAL CONTROL DAN MENJAGA ASSET PERUSAHAAN

1 2 3 4 5
Develop Adequate
Ensure Duties Are Physical Control of Identify Risks in Your Develop Written Policies
Segregated Correct Errors Promptly
Assets Office and Procedures

6 7 8 9 10

Maintain Adequate Perform a Self-

Perform Reconciliations Review and Approve Provide Adequate
Supporting Evaluation of Your
Regularly Processes/Transactions Training to Staff
Documentation Internal Control

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Questions &
Answers

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PAGE 31
Thank You

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