Proof by intonation :

hypo thesis : Saz

=
( 1) !
n -
Ö? v2
↳1

base : v2

sie = (2-1) ! -

1=1 ✓

relation
Murrend
for
Step :
Sun , ,
=
( n) ! ¥ ?
stirling runter
of first kid

( )![ % Sunnit (n 1) sn.ie

SEIT Sma
-

= n -
-

teil

subsitute hypotusis
|

( n -1 )! +
n.sn?--n!&.. ?
# It ! )
"

a- sn " =
n ! -
( n
-

i !!

n.sn, =
(n -1 ) ! ( n +
*)
-

(n -1 ) !

h.sn.vn :
v1
? +
€! -
#!

Sni = (n -
s )! &! In
 a) b)

:
Fal ) §
"
=

,
Smnx

a) show Fix ) =

F, G) =
[ Sir , ]
•

✗
hey
"
=

§,
×

"
=

§,
× -
1

=
E- e- ÷
b) Show E -

× )
:
partial faction expansion
Proof using generating functions -

„¥→, E.) E)
/
1 A
-
-
* +

ÄH
+
Ea:)
F- A- ZAX + B- Bx =/
' " " "
= ✗
§ -

× + 2.2 ×

|
-

2A -

B =D
"" "

§
"
= -

× +2 × A -
→
,
"" " "
=

£42 -

1) × =

§ Snix 1- +
D= 1
,
a. „ = ,

1- =
-1 B- 2-
 c) EK) -

1¥ Fm4) .

F, G) [ Sn ×
"
=

renren.
>
k
stereiynrvn
,„
.

~
[ (Smm: ksn.nu )
"
-

Fu A) =
×
h7h

n +1
=

%! nie ,
×
""
+ KES h -7 k X
,
h >- K y
-

-
O
for a =L-1
" "

[ sn.mx
""

KESn.ua
=
+
×
n ? h -1 h IK

"" "

Fix) KE Sinn
"
=
[ Sinn, ✗ +
×
HIKI h? h

÷
↳ Fakt
Fnlx) (1- kx) -

XESn.mx
47h-1

E. sina.ir EE Funk )
n

Fakt -
-

d) Falt ) Funk)
! 4-111717--4×-1 )
=

T, =

n i

Fnlx ) Falt ) .IT ×

=/¥) FEI
-

F- 2
. .
.

("
(¥) Trisingfacbn.ae
h

=
¥ ¥ Fix ,
=

( )Panama

t.IE .
Check
=

!! Fix ) -
-

EE -
÷
=

HIHI =
EH =

⇐
Ein
=
←
- (1-+1/1-2)
 kind
fond
hypathesis

by intonation

A) „
=
✗ (x 1)-

.
.
. (x -

ntn )
☒ v0 1 =
So , Ho
1--1 ✓

step um × -
A) EK ) µ , + KH ) h
ES h
um
✗ =

,
#µ
↳

[ (A) KH )
"

✗ × - =

tis
Sn # „
+

index
Shift
= [ ksn # A) *
LEO
,
+
Sn
ntl
,nHn
L

Snin "
" =
[ Sinn ( x ), -

kt [ Sn ,
-1×1-01
" ""

„ K-1

=
[ Shk (Hk
no
-

k +
§ Shih -1
( ),
x

=
⑤
Hh k + Smu 1) (x) ,
in
-

„„
-
thecwrehee relation for Smile
 a) b)

a) An
injection mapping way not
map
two or more a c- A to the some . b c- B .

Thees there k the (h 1) cahoic.es for

are ahoi as to
map first element the
-

, ,
second .
. .

Lady to

hlu 1) ( a- 2) -

. . . (h ) -
n =
¥!Ä
overall This Eh ethewin
Mapping s .
assams n since .
ho
iyecfie mapping
is
possible
Smh
of habe.hr
b) the second bind den•te the /
Stirling
elements
numhers
of ten
This Count does
partition of a

Mrs k non -

empty sahnt> .
not in elende
Managements
of saure
partition into
different bones .

A A → B is
swje.me , if Fb c- B Ja c- A. :
f- (a) = b
mapping
This
the
is
very siuilar to the definition of Sai but we neid to count

different permutation of B since they are not in dutt in Shih .

there h ! Sah
B he , h elements
,
Hms h :
permutation, Theefae ,
.
are

1- → B
swjectiue mapping s .

.
 a) b)

a) Sinn (Sterling second had ) to

petition at
makes : ways a
of
a elements into h ( non
- ent.pt/Isakuts .

thus summing [ Sah the unruhen

, up hä
equels of partition
of a get of seize a into 0 . .
.
h süsses .

b) For an obituary partition { 1,2

of 0<-4 ,
.
. .

,
nts } , reinere the set
contaiüg
1 ,
this there remain < u sets .
There are
(1) options
for chasing the items reenaiviy after at removal ,
each
of which
can be
partitiond into Bh non enpty subsets
-

interms.fm
Compute gewaliong function for an
-
[ hi [ nzz "
-
-
z !# ¥
4=0 470

§!! ) zu E [ nZzn E. EF
"
+ →
Sh Z
-
_

y
h)
neo

[ n2 zu ( +111-4,4%+4-1
""

§ t z
= .
=
Z su, z
S =
Su, + K , neo
„

( ""¥; )
+
[ §
n
Zz
"
=
z Sn Z
t
n
↳

-7¥
→ (+1^-1%4,1--127)
§ nzz
"

flz ) f- ( Z)
(*H¥Ä)
-
z +

G- z) flz )
% )
=

(:-p
}
=

2-+2-1
ffz) =

(1- z )
"
4614 ")
.

[µ =\;)
2--0
" "

G- ) G- JA zj
-

"
4- z )
"^
=
+ -

E) G) (i :)
" "
=
4) +

( ) ( )
n -1+4-1 n
-

"" →
= +
4- 1 4- 1

=/ 3) ( Y )
"
+

htzlntlntg.lu/-1)nl - h(nt1)(nt2+- )=h(nt1)g2n+1'-

(
=

=
④ Fühl E.) =

t.IE?Ei)--1nEi+ ? )
ä :-.
ÖL Ö! ÷
.
=
+ [ :" " ,
=

"
%) In
.

.tn?z+n?--&EZ+1nEn?-nh--1=iiE=.:+:E.:-
f-
hi 6=1
= + - -

=
: :& :
=
? Hn -
^

b) Cauchy prciduct ( power series )

k

i! aixi) / [ bjxi ) [ "

ch [ aebne
noch
. -
" -

Es e. =D

!÷÷!
!
Alz) = [ ( Ö ? E) z -
"
= [ "
=

v1 h -7 "
f f
" ""

2Y!
oo

d- ein
[ Zltnz
"

dz
-
z ) =
=

an

/ §? "
# nz dn = [ 7- Hinz ""

= [ 7- Hin .az
"

[ ] [ G- Nmz
z
" "

n -1 n =D

=
2Hü
 § (E)
lecture notes :
1¥
"
= 2-
,

" ""
=
teil
" "
.

?;÷
"
=
Hi :

:# 1)
÷ .

§ (Y )
"

2-
± -

uz =
taz)

[ (Y ) Ez
"
-

h 70

(Y ) zn
=

§
 Identity from with 2-
± ZZ
precious exercise

Es .
+

! !
[ ] /[ (Y ) -27 "
[ (7) 2
" "

)
"

z .
2 + z .bz
4>-0 KID

G- HEI :/ 4- § E) iii. 5)
" "
2 +
,

n=2:(Y)ü"+5Ü)
(! / z
"
"
"

4<2 :
 ho -2 an 28
-
_-

"
anti =3 an -2 Multiple nthequatianbyz a
,
-4
ag
> 82

93=10
[ Ganz ? 2 [ zu
"" " "

antat =3
n°-0 n :O

partial
fractimdeawp.si/iannE.E.;E3zEanz
3¥
" "

.az
-

an)
-27=1--31-2-+13 -
Bz

2.IE/B----AT-2---3A--B-2---3A+AAlz)-2--3zAlz
AA) =3 > -
Alz) -

) -

2¥ .
A- 1 B. = -1

AHH } a.

Alz ) -4%, µ¥=) -

Alz ) -

E- ( %-) +

1- (7) =
¥3 ÷ +

I.
£34 [z
" "

Alt ) = +
n°-0

[ ( 3.
"

1)
"

1- ( z ) - 1- z
KID

"

an
- 3. +1
=