the Riemann hypothesis implies the

generalized Riemann hypothesis

R.H.
March 7, 2016

1 introduction
(
ln p if n = pν , p is prime , ν ∈ N∗
Λ(n) =
0 otherwise
(
1 if n ≡ a mod q
Ia mod q (n) =
0 otherwise
∞
ζ0 X
− (s) − ζ(s) = (Λ(n) − 1)n−s
ζ
n=1
ζ0
if the RH for ζ(s) is true, then ζ (s) + ζ(s) is holomorphic for Re(s) > 1/2,
hence
∞
d ζ0
" # X
+ ζ (s) = (Λ(n) − 1)n−s ln(n)
ds ζ
n=1

is also holomorphic for Re(s) > 1/2.

now consider the same Dirichlet series reduced to the integers ≡ 1 (mod q)
:
∞
ζ0 X
− (s; q, 1) − ζ(s; q, 1) = (Λ(n) − 1)n−s I1 mod q (n)
ζ
n=1

the trick is to prove that under the RH for ζ(s), for every Re(s) > 1/2 we
have the following convergence :

∞
d ζ0 ζ0
" # ! X
1
X  
ν ν
lim + ζ (s)− ln(p) (s; p , 1) + ζ(s; p , 1) = (Λ(n)−1)n−s ln 1 −
N →∞ ds ζ ν
ζ n
p ≤N n=1

where the right-hand-side converges absolutely for Re(s) > 0.

it is clear that

1
 X X
ln(p)I1 mod pν (n) = ln(p) = ln(n − 1)
pν pν |(n−1)

hence

X X X X X X
ln(p)ψ(x; pν , 1) = ln(p) Λ(n)I1 mod pν (n) = Λ(n) ln(p) = Λ(n) ln(n−1)
pν pν n≤x n≤x pν |(n−1) n≤x

and

$ %!
X
ν x−1 X X X
ln(p) ψ(x; p , 1) − = ln(p) (Λ(n)−1)I1 mod pν (n) = (Λ(n)−1) ln(n−1)
pν
pν pν 2≤n≤x n≤x

taking the mellin transform :

∞ ∞
ζ0 d ζ0
! X " #
1
X X  
−s
− ln(p) (s; q, 1) + ζ(s; q, 1) − 1 = (Λ(n)−1)n ln(n−1) = + ζ (s)−1+ (Λ(n)−1)n−s ln 1 −
ζ ds ζ n
pν n=2 n=2

∞
ζ0 d ζ0
! " # X
1 1 1
X  
−s
− ln(p) (s; q, 1) + = (s) + + (Λ(n)−1)n ln 1 −
ζ φ(pν )(s − 1) ds ζ (s − 1) n
pν n=2

if the RH is true for ζ(s), then the RHS is holomorphic for Re(s) > 1/2,
hence the LHS is also holomorphic for Re(s) > 1/2, and the RH is true for every
ζ0 ν
ζ (s; p , 1), hence the GRH is true for L(s, χ) .
( 1
if n = pν , p is prime , ν ∈ N∗
π(n) = ν
0 otherwise
∞
X
ln ζ(s) = π(n)n−s
n=1
for a . 0 mod q :
∞
X 1 X
ln ζ(s; q, a) = π(n)n−s Ia mod q (n) = χ(a) ln L(s, χ)
φ(q)
n=1 χ mod q
∞
X 1 X
ln ζ(s; q, 1) = π(n)n−s I1 mod q (n) = ln L(s, χ)
φ(q)
n=1 χ mod q

hence, if the RH is true for ζ(s; q, 1), then the GRH is true for every χ modulo
q.
consider now the following sum :

2
 XX ∞
X
ν
ln(p) ln ζ(s; p , 1) = π(n)n−s ln(n − 1)
p ν n=1
∞ ∞
1 ζ0 1
X    X  
= π(n)n−s ln(n) + ln 1 − =− (s) + π(n)n−s ln 1 −
n ζ n
n=1 n=1

if the RH for ζ(s) is true, then the left-hand side has no singularity in the
strip Re(s) ∈]1/2, 1[, hence the RH is true for every ζ(s; pν , 1) and the GRH is
true for every χ.