Name of the Researchers: School/School District:

Lysa Mae B. De Castro Aloneros National High School

Karen M. Felipe Guinayangan North
Grade Level: Track: Strand:
Grade 12 Academic track General Academic Strand
RESEARCH/CAPSTONE PROJECT FINAL REPORT
Abstract:

This study aimed to determine the Level of Awareness on contraceptives and

sexually transmitted diseases of senior high school students in Aloneros National
High School. A descriptive research design was utilized and questionnaires were
used as instrument in gathering the data. The formulas used in analyzing the data
were the percentage, weighted mean, and standard descriptive interpretation. The
findings revealed that the respondents are most familiar with contraceptive pills,
condoms, and contraceptive injections. Meanwhile, the respondents are only familiar
with STD’s, HIV/AIDS, HPV and pubic lice and are not familiar with the rest of the
STD’s listed in the instrument. The respondents are most aware that contraceptives
are for prevention of unwanted pregnancy. Aloneros National High School senior high
school students are slightly aware of contraceptives like contraceptive pills,
contraceptive injections, condoms, and calendar or rhythm method. The respondents
are aware of only one sexually transmitted disease, which is HIV/AIDS. Also, they are
aware that using condoms are for prevention from acquiring HIV/AIDS only. Grade 11
and grade 12 students are both slightly aware in terms of their level of awareness in
contraceptives and are both not aware in sexually transmitted diseases. Then, it was
recommended that STDs and contraceptive programs, seminars, trainings, and
demonstrations can be held, in order for them to gain in depth knowledge and
understanding about contraceptives and STDs. Teachers might also improve their
teaching techniques and include topics about basic knowledge that students need to
know such as description and possible symptoms of STDs and use of contraceptives.

Title LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON CONTRACEPTIVES AND

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES OF SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ALONEROS NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL A.Y. 2019 – 2020
Purpose Due to some existing early pregnancy, not only in
Aloneros National High School but also in other schools, the
researchers decided to pursue this study. The researchers
thought that having lack of awareness in using contraceptives
contributes to the high chance of unwanted pregnancy and
being infected by STDs. Awareness about methods of
contraception is an important step towards gaining access in
using suitable contraceptive methods. This study is very timely
for senior high school students because contraceptives and
STDs are superficially studied in junior high school.
Brief Introduction Some of the teenagers nowadays are easily driven by
their curiousity making them possess the attitude of being
experimental. With this, adolescents became more highly
proned on sexual desires which can lead them on engaging in
pre-marital sex and much more became a victim of Sexually
 Transmitted Diseases. Thus, it is very important that students
should gain a proper education particularly in sexual
information about contraception and sexually transmitted
diseases.
It is also the students' responsibility to be well-informed
about the consequences of having a low level of knowledge in
contraceptives because their future and health depends on
what their actions are today. That is why, the researchers are
motivated to pursue this study to provide contribution on their
fellow students for being one of the source of a valuable
knowledge.
Objectives of the The study aimed to determine the level of awareness of
study senior high school students in using contraceptives and
sexually transmitted diseases.
Specifically, it sought to:
1. Establish the demographic profile of the respondents in
terms of;
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Grade Level
2. Rank the types of contraceptives and Sexually
Transmitted Diseases according to the students’
familiarity;
3. Determine the level of awareness of respondents on:
a. Types of contraceptives
b. Purpose of contraceptives
c. Types of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
4. Find out the awareness of respondents on STDs that
can be prevented by using condoms other than as
contraception;
5. Find out if there is significant difference between the
level of awareness of grade 11 and grade 12 students
in:
a. Contraceptives
b. Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Brief Review of Related Literature/Studies

Level of Awareness in Contraceptives

Several studies about the level of awareness in contraceptives and STDs are
conducted in different parts of the world producing different results.
In a study conducted by Hegan et al. (2012), results showed that almost 21%
of 244 students with knowledge of contraception are users of contraceptives, 82% of
sexually active respondents were non-users while condom is the most common
contraceptive method used. Also, 60% and 30% of respondents obtained knowledge
about contraception from the media and peers respectively. However, almost 32%
of the study participants thought contraceptives are only for adult
married persons. They believe that there is a need for aggressive advocacy and
dissemination of information on Adolescent Reproductive Health (ARH) and family
planning methods before initiation of sexual activity among the adolescent population
in Ghana.
In the same way, respondents indicated low levels of awareness in a study
conducted by Boamah et al. (2014). Knowledge of at least one contraceptive method
was high among adolescents of both sexes. Knowledge of male condoms was
highest, and it was the most common contraceptive method used. The use of other
methods such as pills, injection, and foam, amongst others, was low. Due to low
levels of awareness to other contraceptives, pregnancy became present on some of
the sexually active respondents where some of who experienced pregnancy
terminated it with abortion. Though a high number of adolescents knew at least one
contraceptive method, this knowledge did not influence them to consistently use
contraceptives. Only a small percentage of the sexually active adolescents used a
contraceptive method consistently. As a conclusion, having knowledge in one
contraceptive is not enough to protect an individual from the risk they take when
having sex.
Also, in a study conducted by Olajide et al. (2014), they also claimed that there
is low levels of awareness among their respondents. Results showed that only about
two fifths of the respondents had ever heard about modern contraceptive methods.
About 26% of the respondents were aware of the male condom while the least known
form of modern contraceptives was spermicides. Condom was the very common type
of contraceptive yet, just a little bit more than one-fourth of the respondents were
aware of it. This little knowledge might put the respondents in very risky situations like
unprotected sex or in worst situations, pregnancy. The study reported very low levels
of awareness and there is a need to increase it.
Meanwhile, in a study conducted by Hoque et al. (2013), the male and female
students had good or moderate awareness regarding contraceptives as more than
half of them for both males and females respectively scored nine or above. The males
and the females also had almost ‘similar awareness’. All the female students were
‘aware’ that contraceptives are not 100% effective as compared to 93.7% of the male
students. More females compared to males knew that using contraceptives irregularly
will result in pregnancy. In terms of the other variables, there was no variation noted
between the ‘awareness’ of females as compared to the awareness of male. The
most commonly known contraceptive method used was the condom followed by
86.7% of the oral contraceptive pill. The study found that the level of ‘awareness’ was
good between both males and females and was ‘satisfactory’ to sustain adequate
contraceptive use, in the context of the high unplanned pregnancy rate. The condom
was the most popular method used by most respondents, showing that the HIV/ AIDS
prevention strategy in locale of the study is working well and in attracting condom use
by this student population. Sexual practices of some of the respondents remain at
risk, as there are still many students engaging in unprotected sexual acts.
Contraceptive use has to be “high” even though there were instances of infrequent
use, with the most commonly used method, condom. They concluded that their
university management should organize workshops on regular basis at the university
on changing reproductive health and sexual behaviour, as well as health education
programmes.
On the other hand, a cross sectional study was conducted by Renjhen et al.
(2010), in the Government College, Gangtok, Sikkim. According to the results, 98% of
the students had knowledge about family planning and 86% of them had heard about
contraceptives. Most of them knew about condoms and contraceptive pills but
knowledge about permanent methods and Cu-T was poor. Most students thought
contraceptives were to be used to prevent unwanted pregnancy and for birth spacing
even though there still are other purposes of contraceptives. The most commonly
used contraceptives were condoms, followed by combined use of OCP and condom.
In general, the study showed that there is high level of awareness among the
respondents.
Correspondingly, high levels of awareness were reported according to a study
conducted by Melaku et al. (2014) seven hundred sixteen students were found to be
aware of different methods of contraception. It is found that discussing sexual and
reproductive health issues with parents and peers are independent predictors for
contraceptive awareness among students.
All in all, more studies reported low levels of awareness among the
respondents. The respondents have knowledge of one contraceptive but it is not
enough protection from the risk of sexual activities. As Hoque et al. (2013) claimed,
the respondents’ awareness should be high.

Level of Awareness in Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Samkange-Zeeb et al. (2011) conducted a systematic review to determine

awareness and knowledge of school-going male and female adolescents in Europe of
STDs. Results of the review can help point out areas where STD risk communication
for adolescents needs to be improved. They found that awareness was generally high
for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and low
for Human Papilloma Virus. Despite knowing that use of condoms helps protect
against contracting an STD, some adolescents still regard condoms primarily as an
interim method of contraception before using the pill. In general, the studies reported
low levels of awareness and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases, with the
exception of HIV/AIDS. Although, as shown by some of the findings on condom use,
knowledge does not always translate into behaviour change, adolescents' sex
education is important for STD prevention, and the school setting plays an important
role. Beyond HIV/AIDS, attention should be paid to infections such as chlamydia,
gonorrhea, and syphilis.
According to a study conducted by Diktas et al. (2013), majority of students
stated that they had some knowledge about STDs; however, 8.75% of the
participants did not have any knowledge at all. Most of them, 42.32% described
school as a source of information on STDs, nonetheless, only 7.57% of the group
cited health care professionals as the information source. The majority of students
has never been treated for STDs. Among 423 applicants, 93.14% indicated that they
would have appreciated information about STDs during the high school years. They
concluded that there is a general understanding that the students are willing to
participate and are in need of seminars that will be held about STDs during high
school attendance. Due to their conclusion, it is safe to say that students have low or
not enough awareness on STDs. The majority have some knowledge, but “some” is
still not enough.
Moreover, in a study conducted by Grover et al. (2017), most of the girls
were not aware. Amongst contraceptive methods, 62.5% knew about condoms. The
awareness about STDs was highest about HIV/AIDS and low for other STDs. They
also scored low about symptoms and route of transmission of STD’s. Only 17% of the
girls knew about HPV vaccine. Attitude towards sex education was positive. They
concluded that poor knowledge in girls about Reproductive Health and STDs (other
than HIV/AIDS) is of serious concern. Therefore, they also concluded that education
about reproductive health should be incorporated in the curriculum which should be
given through teaching, interpersonal communication, television, health camps and
specialist.
Additionally, Chua and Dizon et. al. (2018) conducted a study to measure the
level of knowledge and attitude on HIV and AIDS of students of the selected public
high schools in Sariaya, Quezon. Most of their respondents were from Castanas
National High School. The most common source of HIV and AIDS information is
TV/Radio. On the level of knowledge, majority of the respondents of Bignay,
Castanas, and Pili National High School “did not meet expectations.” On the level of
attitude, majority of the respondents of Bignay, Castanas, and Pili National High
School has a “low level of stigma and discrimination.” There was a significant
difference in the level of knowledge and attitude when the respondents are grouped
according to school. In terms of source of information, there was a significant
difference found in Bignay, Castanas, and Pili National High School. The study led to
the development of an action plan regarding the implementatio of School-Based HIV
and AIDS Education Program (SBHAEP).
However, in a study conducted by Khan et al. (2010), where data were
collected from 1139 students aged between 15 to 20 years, it was concluded that
school students have moderate level of knowledge about STIs although they are
sexually active. Less than one percent of the students claimed that they never heard
about STIs. Sexual experience related significantly with gender, race, and education
level. However, multiple partner behaviour was significantly associated only with
gender. Mean knowledge score and knowledge level was significantly associated with
religion education level, course stream, socioeconomic class and sexual experience.
Interventions such as reinforcing the link between STIs and HIV/AIDS, assessing the
current status of sexuality education in schools and arranging public talks and
seminars focusing on STIs prevention education are needed to improve their
awareness.
Likewise, AL-Malki (2014) conducted a study that included 400 University
students with a response rate of 100%. The great majority of students are aware of
HIV/AIDS as a STD while only 37.3% were aware that Chlamydia is an STD. Their
age ranged between 18 and 30 years. Among those who have knowledge about
STDS, 35% had their knowledge from the friends while 29.9% and 27.7% had their
knowledge from internet and television respectively. Less than half of them knew that
condom could not protect 100% from STDs while slightly more than half of them knew
that oral contraceptive use doesn’t decrease the risk of STDs among women. Only
38% knew that there is no available vaccination against STDs. Slightly more than
one-third of the participants knew that STDs infected mother could transmit a sexual
disease to her newborn during labor. They also found out that Married status, high
level of paternal education and having information from friends or internet were
associated with better STDs knowledge. The awareness that students have for
HIV/AIDS is high but this doesn’t show that awareness in one or two STDs makes
them aware of the other STDs too. There is still a need for the respondents to
increase their level awareness.
The related studies regarding levels of awareness of the respondents in STDs
reported low and moderate levels.
Research Paradigm

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Distribution and
Demographic profile Answering the
of the respondents. Research
Level of Awareness
Questionnaires.
of Aloneros Senior
Rank the Most High School
Familiar Type of Questionnaire about
Students in
Contraceptives. Contraceptives and
Contraceptives and
Sexually
Sexually
Awareness of the Transmitted
Transmitted
Respondents in the Diseases
Diseases.
Purpose of
Contraceptives. Statistical Treatment
of Data.

Figure 1 Input-Process-Output (IPO) of the study: Level of Awareness of

Aloneros Senior High School Students in Contraceptives and Sexually
Transmitted Diseases A.Y. 2019 – 2020

Figure 1 shows the Input-Process-Output (IPO) of the Level of Awareness in

Contraceptives and Sexually Transmitted Diseases of Aloneros Senior High School
Students. The input of the study would be the demographic profile of the respondents,
ranking of the most familiar type of contraceptives, and the awareness and purposes
of contraceptives. Therefore, its process, the researchers would distribute their
research questionnaires about contraceptives and sexually transmitted diseases.
Then, those would undergo statistical treatment. As final output, the researchers
would find out the Level of Awareness in Contraceptives and Sexually Transmitted
Diseases of Aloneros Senior High School Students.

Design and Methodology

Research Design
The researchers utilized a descriptive type of research using quantitative method
design. It involved gathering of information, tabulation of the data gathered and
interpretation of results.

Research Locale
The study was conducted in Aloneros National High School located at Barangay
Aloneros, Guinayangan, Quezon.

Population
The respondents are composed of 61 senior high school students of Aloneros
National High School during the school year 2019-2020. The grade 11 respondents
were comprised of 11 males and 26 females and the grade 12 students were
constituted of 10 males and 14 females.

Research Instrument
The researcher used a three-part questionnaire as their research instrument. The
first part was intended to know the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of
gender and age. Then, part II dealt with the respondents’ familiarity in contraceptives
and STDs. Lastly, part III was focused on the respondents’ level of awareness in
contraceptives and STDs.
Moreover, in the instrument, multiple response checklist was used and to
determine the level of awareness of senior high school students of A.Y. 2019-2020
among contraceptives and STDs, likert type of questionnaire was utilized.

Data Gathering Procedures
After the research questionnaires were validated by the research adviser,
teachers, and approved by the principal, they personally distributed and administered
the questionnaires to the senior high school students in Aloneros National High
School considering the assurance of their confidentiality.

Statistical Treatment
The data collected from the respondents were tallied, computed, tabulated, and
interpreted using various statistical tools. The following statistical treatments were
used:
Percentage formula was used in order to evaluate the demographic profile of
the respondents.
Percentage Formula:
𝑓
𝑃 = ×100
𝑛
Where:
P = percentage
f = frequency
n = total number of respondents
To determine the level of awareness of the respondents in contraceptives and
STDs, the researchers used the likert-type to present the data:

Weighted Mean Descriptive Interpretation

3.26 - 4.0 Very Much Aware
2.51 - 3.25 Aware
1.76 - 2.50 Slightly Aware
1.0 – 1.75 Not Aware

Weighted Mean Formula:

𝑋! 𝑊! + 𝑋! 𝑊! + ⋯ + 𝑋! 𝑊!
𝑋! =
𝑊! + 𝑊! + ⋯ + 𝑊!
Where:
𝑋! = weighted mean
w = weights
x = Level of scale
 Then, to find out which grade level of senior high school students in Aloneros
National High School have higher level of awareness in contraceptives and STDs,
t-test was used. They used t-test for determining the difference between two
population means. The formula for t-test is:
𝑥! − 𝑥!
𝑡=
𝑠!! 𝑠!!
𝑛! + 𝑛!
Where:
𝑥! = mean score of the grade 11 students
𝑥! = mean score of the grade 12 students
𝑠!! = variance of the grade 11 students
𝑠!! = variance of the grade 12 students
𝑛! = number of grade 11 students
𝑛! = number of grade 12 students

Findings Based from the gathered data, the following results were
revealed:
1. In terms of the respondents’ age, 86% of them are in 16 to
17 years old. Majority of them are female and mostly are
grade 11 students.

2. The most familiar contraceptives among the 61

respondents are contraceptive pill with 98%, condoms with
90%, contraceptive injection with 56%, calendar or rhythm
method with 41%, tubal ligation with 28%, withdrawal and
intrauterine devices with 12%, and Lactational amenorrhea
method with only 3%. Meanwhile, for the most familiar types of
STDs, out of 61 respondents 97% of them are familiar with
HIV/AIDS, 10% are familiar with HPV, only 2% or only 1 is
familiar with pubic lice, and all of them are not familiar with the
rest.

3. For the level of awarenes in conrtraceptives, the

respondents are slightly aware in contraceptives pills,
calendard or rhythm method, contraceptive injection, and
condom. Then they are not aware of tubal ligation, withdrawal
or pull out IUD, and lactational amenorrhea method. With
regards to the level of awareness to the STDs, the
respondents are only aware in HIV/AIDS and are not aware in
chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, mycoplasma genetalium,
human papilloma virus, pubic lice, and trichomoniasis.
Meanwhile, for the respondents, the purpose of
contraceptives are for prevention of unwanted pregnancy with
82%, slows population growth with 57% and birth spacing with
51%.
4. With regards to the awareness of respondents on the STDs
prevention through the use of condoms, 100% of them are
 aware that these are for preventionf from acquiring HIV/AIDS,
while 3 or 5% of them are aware that these are for prevention
of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and gonorrhea, and 1 or 2%
that these are for chlamydia.
5. There is no significant difference between the level of
awareness of grade 11 and grade 12 students in
contraceptives and sexually transmitted diseases.
Conclusions Based from the findings, the researchers arrived at the
following conclusions:
1. The number of female students is higher than the male
students whose age ranges from sixteen to seventeen.
The population of grade 11 students comprised half of the
total population.

2. The respondents are most familiar with contraceptive pills,
condoms, and contraceptive injections and least familiar
with intrauterine devices, withdrawal/pull-out, and
Lactational amenorrhea method. Meanwhile, the
respondents are only familiar with the STDs, HIV/AIDS,
HPV, and pubic lice and are not familiar with the rest of the
STDs listed in the instruments.

3. The respondents are slightly aware of contraceptives like

contraceptive pills, contraceptive injections, condoms, and
calendar or rhythm method. However, they are not aware
on contraceptives like intrauterine devices, tubal ligation,
withdrawal or pull-out, and Lactational amenorrhea method
but they are aware on HIV/AIDS. Moreover, among the
purposes of using contraceptives, the respondents are
most aware that it is for prevention of unwanted
pregnancy.

4. The respondents are aware that using condoms are only

for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. In general, this implies that
they are only aware in HIV/AIDS but they are lack of
knowledge on other STDs and its prevention.

5. Grade 11 and grade 12 students are both slightly aware in
terms of their level of awareness in contraceptives and
both not aware in sexually transmitted diseases.

Recommendations Based from the findings, the following are recommended:

1. The age of the respondents are characterized for being
curious and experimental. With this, STDs and contraceptive
programs may be implemented in order for them to have in
depth knowledge and understanding about contraceptives
and STDs. Gender-based seminars and trainings may also be
 conducted to senior high school students regarding the
importance of contraceptives and its use to prevent STDs .

2. Topics about STDs and contraceptives can be adapted to

incorporate in various subjects so that students will be more
familiar on the basic information about the said topics. It can
be in form of activities, lectures, workshops, etc.

3. Results showed that the respondents are slightly aware in

contraceptives and not aware in STDs. With this, it is
recommended that the school administration may conduct
seminars, trainings, and demonstrations about different
important information in contraceptives and STDs to increase
the level of awareness of their students. Moreover, a
continuous monitoring of the level of awareness of senior high
school students in contraceptives and STDs can be conducted
so that the quality and teaching strategies of the school
regarding contraceptives and STDs will be maintained and
improved. It is also recommended that parents may also help
in informing their children about contraceptives and STDs.
Meanwhile, to strengthen the campaign about the purposes of
contraceptives in reproductive health, audio-visual material
that contains information about it might be aired and be part of
the discussion.

4. Senior high school students might find ways on how they

will increase their level of awareness about prevention of
STDs by reading informative articles, researches, and being
open-minded about discussions about sexual education.

5. Since both grade 11 and grade 12 are both slightly aware

on contraceptives and not ware on STDs, and pursuant to
DepEd order #13, series of 2018, school administrators may
conduct monitoring of the implementation of the
Comprehensive Sexual Education (CSE) as part of the
curriculum to provide students deeper understanding about
sexual and reproductive health.
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