Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PMC CBRE
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CONTENTS
1.0 PURPOSE ..............................................................................................................3
2.0 SCOPE OF WORK .............................................................................................3
3.0 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT .............................................................................3
4.0 MATERIAL HANDLING..................................................................................3
5.0 SITE PLANNING AND PREPARATION .....................................................4
5.1 ACCESS ROUTES & STORAGE SPACE ..............................................4
5.2 WORKING AT HEIGHT ...............................................................................4
6.0 EXECUTION METHODOLOGY ...................................................................5
6.1 REFRIGERANT PIPING INSTALLATION...........................................5
6.2 DX UNIT INSTALLATION.......................................................................14
6.3 ELECTRICAL PANELS & CABLING ..................................................15
1.0 PURPOSE
Purpose of this procedure is to define the sequence and methodology for all critical installation
activity pertaining to the Chilled Water Piping and Accessories in the building and the frequency
of which the inspections are to be carried with scope of work, applicable standards and drawings.
Defective & nonconformity material will be stored separately in a designated area. These
materials shall be immediately replaced or repaired/disposed by respective Department as per the
instruction provided by Procurement division.
5.0 SITE PLANNING AND PREPARATION
PROPER FLUXING is important because the flux absorbs oxides formed during heating and
promotes the flow of filler metal.
To prevent excess flux residue inside refrigeration lines, apply a thin layer of flux to only the
male tubing. Insert the tube into the fitting and, if possible, revolve the fitting once or twice
on the tube to ensure uniform coverage.
Insert the fluxed tube end into the fitting. Maintain support to ensure the proper alignment
until the brazing alloy solidifies.
After brazing maintain support for a few seconds (or more) depending upon the size of the
joint area.
The assembly is now ready to braze, using brazing alloy manually fed into the joint.
Oxygen / Acetylene. For most brazing jobs using oxygen-acetylene gases, a carburizing or
neutral flame should be used.
The neutral flame has a well-defined inner cone See diagram.
Avoid an oxidizing flame. Excess acetylene removes surface oxides from the copper.
The copper will appear bright rather than having a dull or blackened surface due to an
improper oxidizing flame.
Position in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Brazing with air/ acetylene torches is a popular alternative to oxygen mixed fuel gas.
The fuel gas flow aspirates air into a mixer that contains an internal vane that spins the gas to
improve combustion and increase flame temperature.
If the tank has a delivery pressure gauge set the delivery pressure at 14-15 psi. If the tank has
only a contents gauge delivery pressure is pre-set at the factory so open the regulator
adjusting screw all the way by turning it clockwise until it "bottoms."
Open the torch value. Opening about 3/4 of a turn will provide sufficient fuel gas delivery.
Do not try to meter pressure, (reducing the flame), by using the torch handle valve. If a
higher or lower flame is required change to a different tip size.
Always keep the torch in short motion.
Start heating the tube, first applying flame at a point just adjacent to the fitting. Work the
flame alternately around the tube and fitting until both reach brazing temperature before
applying the brazing filler metal.
When a flux is used, it will be a good temperature guide. Continue heating the tube until the
flux passes the "bubbling" temperature range and becomes quiet, completely fluid and
transparent and has the appearance of clear water.
Direct the flame from the tube to the flange-base of the fitting and heat until the flux that
remains in the fitting is also completely fluid.
Sweep the flame back and forth along the axis of the assembled joint, tube, and fitting to get
and then maintain uniform heat in both parts.
Always keep both the fitting and the tube heated by playing the flame over the tube and the
fitting as the brazing alloy is drawn into the joint. The brazing alloy will diffuse into and
completely fill all joint areas. Do not continue feeding brazing alloy after the joint area is
filled.
Excess fillets do not improve the quality or the dependability of the brazing and are a waste of
material.
When making vertical alloy-up joints heat the tube first and then apply heat to the fitting. It is
important to bring both pieces up to temperature evenly. Keep the flame directed toward the
fitting.
If the tube is overheated, the brazing alloy may run down the tube rather than into the joint.
When making horizontal joints heat the circumference of the tube first, and then apply heat to
the fitting.
Deciding where to start feeding the alloy will depend on the size of the pipe and operator
preference. On large diameter pipe, however, sometimes the best approach is to start at the
bottom of the pipe. As the alloy solidifies, it will create a "dam" and help prevent the brazing
alloy from running out of the joint as the remainder of the connection is filled.
When adding alloy, make sure both the pipe and fitting are up to temperature.
CLEAN AFTER BRAZING
All fluxes residues must be removed for inspection and pressure testing. Immediately after the
brazing alloy has set, quench or apply a wet brush or swab to crack and remove the flux
residues. Use emery cloth or a wire brush if necessary.
Be careful with the temperature, the temperature must not be higher than necessary. Therefore
draw the flame back slowly when the melting temperature is reached.
External flux residue must be removed by brushing with hot water.
Do not compress the flare so severely that it becomes hard.
Leave final tightening up until actual installation
Evacuation, flushing and charging Steps to follow:
On completing installation work, the next steps are:
Evacuation and refrigerant charging
Leak testing
Starting up and adjustment.
Necessary equipment:
Vacuum pump
Vacuum gauge
Charging bottle (or service cylinder containing refrigerant)
(Vacuum pump, vacuum gauge and charging bottle can be assembled as an evacuation and
charging board.)
Charging hoses
Leak detector
Remove moisture, atmospheric air and inert gas from the system when evacuating.
The vacuum pump should be capable of quickly bringing the system pressure down to about
0.05 mbar.
Vacuum hoses and tubes must be as short as possible and the diameter sufficiently large.
Normally, an ordinary 1/4" charging hose not more than 1 m in length can be used. Evacuate
in two stages with refrigerant flushing between.
The process of evacuation, flushing and charging is described below.
Start the pump and allow it to suck the pressure down as far as possible.
Shut off the pump from the rest of the system.
Stop the pump, read off and register the pressure on the vacuum gauge.
Check to ensure that the vacuum can be maintained. If not, replace charging hoses and/or
leaking valves and/or vacuum oil in the vacuum pump.
First evacuation
Evacuation from suction side of compressor and possibly also the discharge side.
Charging hose(s) mounted between charging board and compressor.
All valves, incl. solenoid valves, open.
Automatic regulating valves at maximum opening.
Evacuate system, if possible down to the pressure previously indicated by the vacuum
gauge.
System vacuum test to be performed again as explained, if any leakage is detected:
Repeat the test until vacuum is maintained or continue with the next point.
Flushing and provisional leak testing
Apply nitrogen pressure to the system (approx. 2 bar overpressure).
Leak-test all connections
If leakage is detected:
Use a recycling unit and vacuum pump to remove nitrogen from the system
Repair the leakage
Repeat the process until no system leakage remains.
Second evacuation
· If overpressure remains on the system, use the recycling unit to empty it of nitrogen.
Then evacuate again as described under “First evacuation”.
This will further remove any air and moisture remaining in the system.
Provisional setting of safety equipment
Check and set high-pressure control and any other safety equipment, incl. motor
protector (setting in accordance with scale values).
After final evacuation, the system can be charged with refrigerant.
A charging board can be used for the purpose and will, with sufficient accuracy, dose the
correct quantity of refrigerant for the system.
High accuracy is needed in systems without receiver.
If the system has a charging valve, refrigerant can be supplied in the form of liquid to the
liquid line. Otherwise the refrigerant can be supplied as vapour to the compressor suction stop
valve with the compressor running.
Charging must be continued until no vapour formation appears in the sight glass – unless
vapour formation is due to other faults.
Here however, it is necessary the whole time to check that the condensing pressure and
suction pressure remain normal and that the Thermostatic expansion valve superheat is not
too low.
Too high a condensing pressure during the charging process can mean that the system has
been over-charged with refrigerant and must be partly drained.
Always use the recycling unit if it becomes necessary to drain off refrigerant.
Too little superheating during the charging process can cause liquid hammer in the
compressor.
INSPECTION
Examine the areas and conditions under which work of this section will be performed. Correct
conditions detrimental to the proper and timely completion of the work. Do not proceed until
satisfactory conditions have been corrected. Perform any system changes that are required prior
to the final balance, as determined by the initial system check. Such changes may encompass,
but not necessarily be restricted to, changing of pulleys, belts, dampers or addition of dampers or
access doors.
Make sufficient inspection during progress of installation to verify that essential components are
installed in a manner to permit optimum balancing.
INSTALLATION
Check Unit weight prior to rigging. Use proper rigging and handling tools while rigging the
unit.
Lifting and Rigging of the unit shall be in accordance with Manufacturer Instructions,
Only a qualified technician is allowed to carry out installation. Ensure cleanness of the area
where the unit is to be installed. Remove shipping spacers wherever applicable.
Mobilize the unit to the location where to be installed. Install unit on the foundation as per
approved detail drawing and Manufacturer recommendations.
Position the unit and align the unit’s foundation to foundation so that to match the holes for
bolting down/fixing.
Provide vibration dampers / pads underneath the unit to suit the operating weight as required
by the manufacturer. Secure the unit to the foundation with appropriate fasteners.
If required torque-down the fasteners as per manufacturer recommendation.
Ensure adequate clearance for unit service / maintenance access.
Installation of all necessary power and control circuit cabling/glanding and termination in
accordance with wiring diagram, P & ID and as per Manufacturer recommendations to Install
refrigeration piping in accordance with P & ID and approved brazing procedure by a qualified
brazer.
Ensure shuts off valves are fitted on the refrigeration lines to isolate the unit from the piping
system during unit servicing (in accordance with the P & ID).
After completing the Leak test / vacuum testing, insulation may be applied. Where applying
insulation become impossible after the brazing due to inaccessibility, in such situation,
insulation may be applied over the straight length of piping by leaving joints for later
insulation after testing.
Insulate refrigerant pipe in accordance with the scope of work and detail drawing.
The unit base frame shall be fitted with earthing stud located at the base and connect the unit
body to the earth boss by use of insulated earth cable (unless otherwise stated different).
IDENTIFICATION
Ensure the units / Equipment / instruments / cables etc. are tagged according to the tags assigned
in the detail drawing. (Where applicable)
INSPECTION AND TESTING
Once the installation is completed, inspect the unit to ensure that the correct installation
procedures have been followed. Inspection and Testing shall be in accordance to the
Inspection Test Plans if applicable.
Prior to offering for Quality Control inspections, Supervisor shall ensure that all the installations
are as per the approved shop drawings. Ensure that the installed units are free from damages.
Ensure that the pipe connections are as per the approved P & ID / detail drawing and as per
Manufactures instructions. Ensure the maintenance accessibility. Ensure installation is
completed.
A. Work Methodology
Installation
Location marking to be done for electrical panels, support base to be positioned on the
floor or in the wall to install the electrical panel.
Panel to be fixed in the support base,
Approved supporting arrangements to be installed as per drawing for cable trays.
Cable trays to be placed one by one on the approved supporting arrangement and
connection of the trays can be done using connectors and nut bolts, cable tray works to be
done up to both end like unit to electrical panel.
Cables can be placed on the cable tray and tie with cable ties, cables to be enter to the
units / electrical panels through glands and terminated in both the side.
Termination can be checked for proper tightening of cables.
Labeling to be done for each cable.
Signage of each panel to be done.
Modular Supervisors and foremen shall carry out regular and scheduled toolbox talks. Subjects
for these talks are pre-determined and planned as per Tool Box Talk subjects.
Tool Box talks are also used prior to the commencement of critical activities to reinforce policies
and procedures specific to the activity, communicating ‘lessons learnt’ from hazards / incidents
and reviewing Job Hazard Analysis. Safety officer shall conduct toolbox talks for complex
activities which require extra precautions. Attendance at toolbox talks is closely monitored to
ensure all employees receive regular and appropriate.
An ear muff or ear plug is used during construction activities which dampens the noise to a
bearable decibel value.
Safety harness: To avoid a fall from heightened area, safety harness is used. Safety harness is
donned by the operator at one end and tied at a strong point on the other end.
Face mask: Working on insulation surface, painting or cleaning involves minor hazardous
particles which are harmful for human body if inhaled directly. To avoid this, face mask are
provided which acts as shield from hazardous particle.
TOOLBOX TALKRECORD
General comments / observations / feedback on Toolbox Talk effectiveness and workforce feedback.
Comments:
(S1) (S3)
NEGLIGIBL (S2) SLIGHT MODERAT
(S4) SEVERE
E Injury E
Permanent
Minor first resulting Accident (S5) HIGH
PEOPLE disability or
aid in a MTC or leading Fatality
multiple
injury, no RWC to a lost
hospitalization
absence from Time
work injury (LTI)
Localized Significant
No impact Possible
within Serious wide wide
No recovery wide
ENVIRONMENT site spread effect spread
required spread harm
boundaries harm
<100,000 <1000,000 >1000,000
ASSET DAMAGE <1000 AED <10,000 AED
AED AED AED
Considerabl
Company REPUTATION Slight local Limited local Internation
e local National impact
DAMAGE impact impact al impact
impact
(F1) VERY UNLIKELY
A freak combination of factors
LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM
would be
1 2 3 4 5
required for an incident to
LIKELIHOOD / PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
result
(F2) UNLIKELY
A rare combination of factors
LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM
would be
2 4 6 8 10
required for an incident to
result
(F3) POSSIBLE
Could happen when additional
LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH
factors are
3 6 9 12 15
present but otherwise unlikely
to occur
(F4) LIKELY
Not certain to happen but an
MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH HIGH
additional
4 8 12 16 20
common factor is likely to
result in an incident