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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 1 - Module 20
Literature Review On Spotlight
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Practical Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 20 – Literature Review On Spotlight

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Hector B. Atondo

Editor: Renerio I. Balingbing
Illustrator: Jason C. Borabo
Layout Artist: Atty. Catherine B. Panti, Antonio L. Morada
Reviewers: Lany M. Abainza and MASBATE PROVINCE DIVISION
(headed by Helen V. Titong)
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MODULE 20
Literature Review on Spotlight
(Presenting Written Review of Literature)
Hello! Good to see you again. Welcome to teacher Jill’s class.

Early on you were taught about the do’s and dont’s in writing related
literature. This part of the research paper is done to substantiate your
arguments and strengthen your claims. In this module, you will be
asked to write literature review as your performance task.

Objective:

Specifically, after working on this module, you should be able to:

1. Present a written literature review.

YOUR VOCABULARY BUILDER

Provide a short description of the following terms and write them in your notebook/answer
sheet.

• Literature review
• Synthesis
• Citation

YOUR GUIDE

A literature review is a report of published information pertaining to a topic of

interest. It enables a researcher to determine what is known and what further
research can be conducted. A literature review is not just a compilation of
information. It includes the analysis and interpretation of the significance and
implications in light of a problem that the researcher defines. A literature review may
be a complete report or it may be a part of another report.
Steps to writing an effective literature review:
• Gathering sources
✓ Focus your topic: A literature review aims to cover all of the research
on a given topic. If the topic is too large, there will be too much material
to cover it adequately.
✓ Read with a purpose: Although you will need to briefly summarize
sources, a good literature review requires that you isolate key themes
or issues related to your own research interests.

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• Evaluating sources
✓ For each book or article consider:
Credentials: Is the author an expert?
✓ Argument/Evidence: Does the evidence support the conclusion? Is the
argument or evidence complete?
• When comparing sources, consider:
✓ Conclusions: Does all research arrive at the same conclusion or are
there differing opinions? What evidence or reasoning are the
differences based on?
✓ Gaps or omissions: What questions are raised by the literature?

Writing a Literature Review

Introduction. The introduction should identify your topic, some discussion of the
significance of that topic and a thesis statement that outlines what conclusion you
will draw from your analysis and synthesis of the literature. If your literature review is
part of a larger work, explain the importance of the review to your research question.

Body. In the body, discuss and assess the research according to specific
organizational principles (see examples below), rather than addressing each source
separately. Most, if not all, paragraphs should discuss more than one source. Avoid
addressing your sources alphabetically as this does not assist in developing the
themes or key issues central to your review.
Conclusion. The conclusion should provide a summary of your findings from the
literature review. Explain what your analysis of the material leads you to conclude
about the overall state of the literature, what it provides and where it is lacking. You
can also provide suggestions for future research or explain how your future research
will fill the gaps in the existing body of work on that topic.

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Now that you’ve learned how to organize literature

review, this time you’ll be putting those learning into
practice. So what are you waiting for? Let’s begin.

YOUR DISCOVERY TASKS

Activity 1: FIVE QUESTIONS!

Activity 1: TRYING ON MY OWN

Arrange the paragraphs in the box below to form a well-written literature review. Do
this in your notebook/answer sheet.

SET 1

Topic Sentence: “Ideas about crime and criminals have changed over time, resulting
in a more punitive approach in America.”

The punitive law-and-order shift in political and public rhetoric and in American
justice policies is made possible by recasting the nature of the criminal.
Arguments in favor of punitive policies almost always invoke themes of individual
accountability, personal responsibly, and moral culpability (Tonry 2004: 25).

Since the mid-1970s and accelerating during the age of Reagan, the pendulum
has taken a decidedly neo-classical (in terms of revisiting the ‘‘rational’’ offender)
and conservative (in terms of right leaning policy) swing, and this swing has
continued to shape ideology and policy (Hagan 2010; Melossi 2000).

The label of evil or pathological neatly disguises the challenge posed to rationality
by criminal behavior and dismisses the specter of social conditions as causal
factors (Garland 2001; Presdee 2000).

This shift in the state of Americans’ ideas about criminals and crime control has
been variously described as changing ‘‘sensibilities’’ about penal culture (Tonry
2004), the new ‘‘culture of control’’ (Garland 2001), and a ‘‘culture of fear’’ (Simon
2007).

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SET B

Topic Sentence: “Criminals are often depicted as being inherently bad and different
from other people.”

The criminal is ‘‘the public enemy,’’ “a monstrosity,” ‘‘morally repugnant,’’ and ‘‘a
deadly threat to the moral order’’ (Melossi 2000).

The criminal is out-and-out bad or has a personal deficit that makes them act
badly (Melossi 2000).

Cavender (2004) noted that in the 1970s, coinciding with the shift in political
rhetoric, a shift in the depiction of criminal offenders occurred, renewing the
process of ‘‘othering’’ criminals. Criminal offenders are cast as villains who
personify the evil side of humanity.

How’s your journey so far? Well, very good! You may now
proceed to your final task.

YOUR FINAL TASK

Below is a topic sentence. Look for at least ten related literatures, and compose a one -
paragraph literature review: Do it in your notebook/answer sheet.

TOPIC SENTENCE:

“Mass media can play important role in how people—particularly children—

learn about crime and criminals.”

Criteria:

Relevance to the topic 30

Organization (Coherence, Cohesion, Grammar) 30
No. of Related Literature Required Met 30
Neatness of the Written Work 10
TOTAL 100

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YOUR REFLECTION/S

After finishing this module, give three important insights you learned in this module. Write
your answer in your notebook/answer sheet.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Congratulations! You are now ready to set for another memorable

learning adventure. Goodbye!

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References:

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1515&context=sociologyf
acpub

https://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/sites/utsc.utoronto.ca.twc/files/resource-
files/LitReview.pdf

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ANSWER KEY

Your Vocabulary Builder

See previous modules

Your Discovery Task

Answers vary

Your Final Task

Answers vary